Emotions verbs Batak Toba

Tiarnita MS Siregar *
Dr. Mulyadi *

INTRODUCTION

Indonesian is the official language established by the government in our country as a

means of official communication. Besides Indonesian, people are still using local languages,
such as language Batak Toba. Toba Batak language as their mother tongue at the same time
everyday language often used in formal and informal relationships. However, Toba Batak
language is often used in formal situations or agencies, such as government offices and schools.
As proof, in the world of formal education in primary school from grade one to grade three
guided using local languages. Toba Batak language development is also influenced by the large
number of speakers of Batak Toba. Speakers of this language are estimated at five million people
(Central Statistics Bureau Toba Samosir, 2016).
Dendy Sugono (1994) in his book Complements defines verbs and verbs in terms
of its meaning, that word which denotes an act (action or motion), the process, and the state.
Language has a lot of vocabulary that can be classified into different classes of words, such as
verbs word class, class of nouns and adjectives class. The verb is an action committed. In
Indonesian, the category of the verb which is manifested in action verbs, such as walking and
swimming, process verbs, such as drowning and fractures, verbs circumstances, for example,
disbelief and anger (Tampubolon in Mulyadi 1998). Verbs of emotion: an emotional event that is
formed by the interaction of two sub peristiwa causals, is cause and effect (Mulyadi, 2012: 30)
For example: proud, moved and revenge. According to Frawley, 1992: 145; Saeed, 1997: 99; and
Van Valin and LaPolla, 1999: 90 divided by 2 is the verb emotions: emotions stative verbs, verbs
are active emotions. Mulyadi: 2015 gives an example: stative verbs emotion characterized [-
kendali, -volisi], Verba emotion is meant, among other things, is arsak 'sad', mabiar 'fear',
tarsonggot 'shocked', which implies a loss of control and deliberate ideas on meaning. The main
issue under review concerning proper semantic mapping component in limiting subcategory
emotion verbs stand. Active verbs characterized emotion [+ control + volisi]. According to Van
Valin and LaPolla: 1999. Verbs and action verbs state as a representation of stative and active
events are usually differentiated through formal tests such as Interrogative, Imperative,
Construction Agentive. MSA theory Assign parameter to specify membership emotion verbs
Based on reductive paraphrase, meaning the meaning of complex words used simple words. The
goal is to avoid an analysis of the meaning of the spinning and blurred. Examples in the
Indonesian language is the word upset, angry, annoyed, irritated, exasperated, infuriated,
irascible, ambek, crazy, sick, furious, feverish. These words in real terms have the same
meaning, which sets it apart is its use in any events. As an explanation, we can take two words as
an example in comparing every word that describes the feeling of sadness. For example, the
word upset and angry. In a general sense, they both have the same sense, that describes the
feelings of anger. However, when viewed from the context of use different. The word upset is
usually used in situations where a person feels better after something happens to him. While
anger is usually used in situations where a person feels good when anything happens to him.
What distinguishes it is the aspect of time.
Meanwhile, the concept of emotion has long been an important research field in social
sciences such as astrology, psychology and philosophy. In the field of linguistics, the study of the
concept of emotion has not received the attention of linguists. The meaning of emotion is a state
of feeling experienced by a person in a particular situation (Suprapti, et al 1992: 97).
Semantically, people experiencing emotional dinamkan experience (experience).

2 THEORETICAL BASIS

This study applied the theory of Natural Semantics metalanguage (MSA). The theory was
pioneered by Anna Wierzbicka (1991, 1992, 1996a, b, c) is considered to be capable of
expressing the semantic nuances among members of emotion verbs stand. Explicate its meaning
seems easily understood by many people, especially native speakers of the language in question
because of eksplikasinya framed in a metalanguage sourced from natural language. MSA theory,
therefore, it is suitable for practical applications.

MSA theory has four basic principles to avoid vagueness and keberputaran in the analysis
of meaning. First, the definition of a word or an expression described by natural language.
Characteristics of this approach embodied in the Principles of Natural Language stating that the
original meaning and syntax is essentially the minimum set of natural language (Goddard, 1994:
3). Second, human concepts are hierarchical. This means that also there are complex concepts,
there are also concepts that are simple and intuitively easy to understand.
The third principle is that the original meaning is used as a universal metalanguage,
meaning that these concepts dileksikalkan in natural language. Leksikalisasi concept in this
theory has a broad understanding of the concepts of primitive because not only encoded in the
word or morpheme but are encoded also on morpheme and phrases. Fourth, the MSA theory
advocated "isomorphic principle" of the original meaning is based on a lexicon and syntax. This
principle assumes that even if there is a difference 'resonance' between two different exponents
on the same original meaning of two different languages, two exponents corresponds
semantically.

3. METHOD
The collection of data is an action taken to obtain the correct data and expertise guaranteed.
In the data collection data obtained oral and writing of data. Data writing is to look for articles in
journals, books are a source of data. In the data collection methods used oral interview. These
oral data collection is done in a country that uses language Batak Toba. In this method, the
researchers were directly involved in the conversation with the speaker (Toba Batak language
speakers). The next step that needs to be done is the analysis of data has been obtained with
sources, data collection and the foundation of the theory. The warmth of the theory of the
experts, the assessment will be focused on the target.
The final step of the research method is to present the results obtained in the discussion.
Presenting the results of the data by loading the existing theories of experts.
The theory used in this study is the theory of Semantic Natural metalanguage (MSA). MSA
theory began as a lexical analysis method based on reductive paraphrase, which is the meaning
of complex words dieksplesikan with words that are simpler, easier to understand. The use of the
reductive paraphrase method aims to avoid analysis of the meaning of the spinning and blurred.

4. DISCUSSION
For an understanding of what it must first examine the emotions according to some
experts:

1. Goleman, 2002: The urge to act happy-sad laugh-cry.

 2. Chaplin, 2005: Reactions associated with the activities complex and profound changes
that followed the strong feelings or affective state.
3. AbinS. M, 2005: An atmosphere of the complex (A complex feeling state) and kick (A
Strid Up State) which accompanies or appear before and after the occurrence of the
behavior.
4. Franken, 1993: Results of human interaction in adapting to the environment and is
evident in facial expressions.
Emotion verbs are (1) transitive, (2) interrogative, (3) progressive, (4) the adverb
deliberately, and (5) reflexive. All this is a reflection of structural tests, but its application was
motivated by the fact semantically. This is based on the view that the relation of meaning in
language forms arbitrary and grammatical differences in behavior reflect the difference in
meaning is iconic. emotion verbs have two classes of intransitive if associated with the
characteristics of the control subject. Two classes are agentive and intransitive pasientif.
Agentive intransitive verbs characterized emotion [+ control] to explain that an emotional event
established by the agency, while the intransitive verb pasientif emotion that characterized [-
kendali], an emotional event occurs due to the presence of other participants. Emotion verbs are
semantical can be restricted through the original meaning. In the structure of emotion verb
components, the device meaning that the basic unit. Diagnostisnya test formulated in a
scenario/discourse. That is, the grain's lexical assumed emotion verbs identified with a semantic
component in a cognitive scenario. Emotion verbs are semantically combination of three
elements, namely the "feeling", "mind" and "body".Parameter emotion verbs contain some of the
implications of cross-language. First, there is no correlation one-on-one between the two
languages compared. For example, the word love, joy, and furious is verb emotions in BI. grains
lexical verb assumed emotion is identified with the semantic component in a cognitive scenario.
Emotion verbs are semantically combination of three elements, namely the "feeling", "mind" and
"body".Parameter emotion verbs contain some of the implications of cross-language. First, there
is no correlation one-on-one between the two languages compared. For example, the word love,
joy, and furious is verb emotions in BI. grains lexical verb assumed emotion is identified with
the semantic component in a cognitive scenario. Emotion verbs are semantically combination of
three elements, namely the "feeling", "mind" and "body".Parameter emotion verbs contain some
of the implications of cross-language. First, there is no correlation one-on-one between the two
languages compared. For example, the word love, joy, and furious is verb emotions in BI.
In Toba Batak language, classification of verbs can be exemplified as follows: action
verbs, for example, mangantuk 'memukul'mambuat' take ', the verb, for example mahiang'kering',
and verbs circumstances, for example muruk, 'angry' laughing 'mengkel'. The verbs have
different classes of verbs expression because it refers to the different events.
From interviews conducted by the researchers, the following sentence contained in Toba
Batak language which can be classified into verbs of emotion or situation:
- Gabe lungun Rohana ala ma dao-Tuana cyan Natua
(She was so sad being away from parents)
From the example above sentence, said lungun position as a verb that shows the state of
one's feelings. In the Indonesian language lungun words can be interpreted as "sad". Describes
the state of someone's heart is being felt sad being away from their parents.
In this study, the verb is treated as an event. The essence of the verb as an event
(experience) is measured over time.

CONCLUSION
Emotion is a state of feeling experienced by a person in a situation tertentu. Secara
semantic, people experiencing emotional dinamkan experience (experience). In this study,
researchers about comparing the emotion verbs in Indonesian and Batak Toba language. In the
data collection methods used oral interview. These oral data collection is done in a country that
uses language Batak Toba. In this method, the researchers were directly involved in the
conversation with the speaker (Toba Batak language speakers).
In Toba Batak language, classification of verbs can be exemplified as follows: action
verbs, for example, mangantuk 'hit', the verb, for example, mahiang'kering ', and verbs
circumstances, for example, muruk,' angry '. In this study, the verb is treated as an event. The
essence of the verb as an event (experience) is measured over time.
REFERENCES
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• Mulyadi. 2012. "Emotions Verba Indonesian and Malay Asahan: Study of Cross-
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Linguistics.
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