Name : Attahira A.

Dabi-Dabi

Class/Semester : A/V

Npm : 03062111031

UTS (UJIAN TENGAH SEMESTER)

1. Why do we study language and its meaning

“Because language is a tool of human communication with language we can know what we
don't know, such as our own culture and the culture of outsiders because language reflects the
culture and values of society without language and its meaning we cannot communicate with
other people and cannot convey our own ideas and feelings as for language we can work
because good language skills are often a requirement in the world of work.”

2. Explain the types of meaning accompanied by examples

1. Lexical meaning
Lexical meaning(morphemes and phrases) are the meaning of linguistic symbols
without looking at the context. An example is a chair which means a seat with four
legs and a back.
2. Gramatical meaning
Grammatical meaning is meaning according to function according to its location and
respective role in the sentence. For example, the grammatical meaning of the word
telephone, which comes from the basic word telephone. The word telephone can be
interpreted lexically as 'telephone'. However, after experiencing grammaticalization in
the form of giving affixes, the meaning changed.
3. Connotative meaning
The connotative meaning is the figurative or non-actual meaning of the word and is
related to the value of taste. The connotative meaning is influenced by the values and
norms held by a particular society, which also creates differences in the social
function of words with almost the same meaning. Examples of connotatives used in
sentences, in including: Klimo became the talk of the town because of his good looks
and friendliness. The word "talk about" means something other people talk about.
4. Contextual meaning
Contextual meaning is the meaning of a word or combination of words or an utterance
in the context of its use. The context here can be the context of a sentence, the context
of a situation, or the context of the field of use. The mother becomes
Head school in West Galela Meaning of polysemy, words head in the sentence above
is the leader (school).
5. Cultural meaning
 Cultural meaning is the meaning that explains cultural elements that are specific to the
cultural aspect (Subroto, 2011: 36). This meaning is not found in the dictionary, but
was created by the people who use it. An example of the cultural meaning of the food
eaten in the traditional Batak Toba Dengke simudur-mudur wedding ceremony
describes the nature of the carp, namely mudur-udur or accompaniment, this is a
symbol of hope for May the bride and groom and their families in the future always
walk together or side by side in joy and sorrow until old age.
6. Denotative meaning
Denotative meaning is the meaning of a word or group of words which is based on a
straightforward designation of something outside of language or which is based on
certain conventions and is objective. For example, giraffes have longer necks than the
average animal's neck.

3. Explain the differences between words, terminology, diction and register, give examples

1. Words: Words are the basic units of language that have meaning. These words are used in
speaking, writing, or communicating. For example:

- house

- Eat

- walk.

2. Diction: Diction refers to the choice of words used by a person in writing or speech. For
example, in a description, you might choose between a mansion and "mansion" to describe
the same thing.

3. Terminology: Terminology is a collection of technical terms or special terms used in a

particular field, such as science, technology, or law. For example, in medicine, the term
"MRI" is an abbreviation of "Magnetic Resonance Imaging".

4. Register: Register is the level of formality or type of language used in a particular

communication situation. For example, in a formal situation, you might say "I would like to
invite you to our event,"

4. Sinonym

In general, synonyms are semantic relationships that express existence similarity in meaning
between one word and another. This synonymous relationship is two-way direction. This
means that if a word is synonymous with each other, it can be ascertained they have the same
meaning. If one utterance unit A is synonymous with utterance unit B, of course utterance
unit B is synonymous with utterance unit A.Concretely, if the word ugly is synonymous with
the word bad, that's it the word bad is also synonymous with the word ugly.

Antonyms
Antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning, called opposites (Munirah, 2016:20).
antonym/antonymy is a semantic relationship between two things a unit of speech whose
meaning is to express (opposite, opposition, contrast between one with the other).

Homonyms

Homonyms are two or more words that have the same spelling and pronunciation, but the
meaning is different (Munirah, 2016:20). Homonymy is two words or units of speech whose
form "coincidentally" is the same; The meanings are of course different, because each is a
different word or form of speech.

Example:

a. Sinonym
Asa = hope
Paras = face
Happy = happy
b. Antonym
Even = odd
Amateur = expert
Healthy = sick
c. Homonym
Meetings (Meetings and Adjacent)
Can (Poison and can do)
Genting (Roof and Roof)

5. Semantics is the study of meaning in language, including how words and sentences express
meaning. Translation is the process of changing text from one language to another while
maintaining its meaning. Literary works are a form of art that uses language to express
meaning and emotion.

The relationship between the three is that in the process of translating literary works from one
language to another, semantics plays an important role. The translator must understand the
meaning contained in the original text and ensure that the meaning is not lost in the
translation. As an example, let's take a sentence from the famous literary work "Romeo and
Juliet" by William Shakespeare: Original sentence in English: "What's in a name? That which
we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet."Translation into Indonesian: "What's
in a name? What we call a rose by any other name would still be as fragrant."In this example,
semantics helps translators understand the meaning of words and convey them correctly in
the target language without losing the emotional and philosophical messages contained in the
literary work.