Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page3
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page4
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Frequency Range Uplink Downlink
ARFCN
Spectrum (MHz) Frequency Value Frequency Value
890~915
P-GSM900 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1≦n ≦ 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
935~960
1710~1785
DCS1800 Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910
PCS1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page5
Concept of Frequency Reuse
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page6
Reuse Density
l The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse
density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and
can be expressed by the following equation
N ARFCN
freuse =
NTRX
p NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page7
Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse density
is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX?
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page8
Reuse Density
l Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page9
4×3 Frequency Reuse
C1 C2
A1
A2 C3
C1 D1
C2 D2
A3
A1 A2
B1
B2 C1 C2
C3 D3
D1 A1 A2
A3 D2
B1 B3 C3
C1 D1 D2
B2 D3 C2 A3
A1 B1
B3 A2 B2
C1 C2 C3 D1 D3
A3 D2 B3
A1 A2 B1
C3 B2
D1 D3
D2 C1 C2
A3 B3
B1 B2 A1
D3 A2 C3 D1
B3 D2
A3 B1
B2 D3
B3
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page10
Requirement for C/I Ratio
Other signals
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page11
Requirement for C/I Ratio
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page12
Exercise
Cell A fre 5
?dB<
-70dB
Cell C fre 4
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page14
Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse
l Hereunder are several assumptions
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page15
4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion
l The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency planning.
Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies
l If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be
taken:
p Split a cell into smaller cells.
p Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz
network.
p Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to
expand the network capacity.
l At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and
convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with
carriers.
l The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page17
Contents
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
3.1 1×3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page18
1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
l 1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called
fractional reuse.
l For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern,
the reuse distance is quite small, so the A1
A2
interference in the network is quite great. A1 A2
Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you A3
A1 A2
must use RF hopping technology and set the A3
A1
A2
parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), A3
HSN (hopping sequence number), and A3
MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The
ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the
available frequency hopping is FR LOAD
(generally, it is smaller than 50%).
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page19
Example of 1 x 3 Frequency Reuse
l If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94
p For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
p For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 1×3
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 space
B 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 grouping
C 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page20
Example of 1×3 Frequency Reuse
l Suppose 900 band: 96~124
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page21
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA3 MA2 (115,117)
MAIO
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page22
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Cell1 Cell1
MA1 (110,113) MA1 (110,113)
Cell1
MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2
(124,112) MA3 MA2 (117,120)
MAIO
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page23
The Characteristics of the 1 x 3
l The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great.
l When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while it’s unnecessary to re-
plan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high.
l Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency
selectivity is inapplicable.
l Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse
distance decreases.
l RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency
hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
l In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, and
power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use
the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page24
Example of 1 x 1 Frequency Reuse
l One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster
p For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
p For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 1×1
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page25
1×3 and 1×1
1BCCH+12TCH
BCCH14+TCH36:
1×3
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+36TCH
1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1×1
1BCCH+36TCH 1BCCH+36TCH
4×3
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page26
Illustration of 1×3 or 1×1
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page27
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page28
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
l In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the
service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
l Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and
handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency
planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved
network quality.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page29
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
l Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the underlaid. For
overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3 x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3, are
used. Therefore, all carriers can be divided into two groups, one for
underlaid, and the other one for overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page30
Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page31
Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
l If the capacity of the overlaid is great, we can group the
channel numbers according to the following table. In this case,
the overlaid has more channel numbers, which is beneficial for
the base station to absorb nearby traffic volume.
Logical
channel Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(12) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Overlaide 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
(18) 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 0 1 2 3 4 5
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page32
Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
l If traffic volume is evenly distributed, we can enhance the
underlaid capacity through grouping the channel numbers
according to the following table. In this case, the underlaid
can absorb more traffic volume.
Logical
Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
channel
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
(24) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Overlaid 9 9 9 9 9 9
(6 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page33
The Characteristics of Concentric Cell Technology
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page34
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page35
Conception of MRP Technology
l According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers are
divided into several groups.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page36
Conception of MRP Technology
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page37
MRP Application Procedure
l Firstly, divide an available band into several sub-bands. Generally, an
independent sub-bands is for the BCCH bands.
l Secondly, divides the remaining channel numbers into multiple TCH bands.
Different frequency reuse patterns must be used for different TCH bands.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page38
Example of MRP
l Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
p Supposing there are 300 cells
l Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency)
Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency)
Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency)
p Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page39
Advantages of MRP
l The network capacity is great and frequency utilization rate is
high.
l The channel configuration is flexible. The frequency reuse
pattern is selected according to network capacity and traffic
distribution. In the areas where the traffic is high, you can add
carriers to these areas.
l Baseband hopping and RF hopping can be used.
l The base station type can be configures flexibly, which is
good for network quality.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page40
Comparison Between MRP and 1×3
l For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either Base band hopping or RF hopping
can be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
l The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy to plan
the frequency for new added TRX and BTS.
l For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy, the 1x3
provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer reuse pattern.
l BCCH of Multi-layer reuse pattern can take part in the frequency hopping,
while BCCH in 1x3 mode can not.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41
Exercise
l To realize 11BTSs S1/1/1 via BCCH(4×3): 1---14.
B
D
A
F
G H
J K
I
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page42
Exercise
l BCCH(4×3): 96~109
102
97 C
B 96
96 103 108
107 98
A D
99
100 105 101 104
E
102 106
109
97 106
F
G H
99 100
103 107 104 97
109 99
98 J K
I 100 105
96 102
101 104
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page43
Exercise
l TCH(4×3): 110~124
114
111 C
B 110
124
110 114 118 112
A D
113
117 121 115 119
E
116 120
123
110 111
F
G H
120 118
117 121 114 118
124 122
111 J K
I
116 120 110 119
114 123
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page44
Summary
l In this course, we have learned:
p Frequency planning basic conception
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page45
Revision Record Don’t Print This Page
Product
Course Code Product Course Version ISSUE
Version
OMP110080 2.02
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page0
Thank you
www.huawei.com