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In 1999, King was inducted into the Teachers College, Columbia University
Hall of Fame.
In 2004, she was inducted into the FNA Hall of Fame and the ANA Hall of
Fame and as a Living Legend in 2005.
Despite of her many awards & honors, she considered teaching students to
be her important accomplishment. Over the years she enjoyed watching her
nursing students become expert practitioners, teachers & researchers.
Imogene King died on December 24, 2007, 2 days after suffering from
stroke (84 years old)
OVERVIEW OF IMOGENE KING`S “CONCEPTUAL MODEL &
THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT
King`s concepts focus on the methods of a nurse-client communication and
working together toward mutually selected goals to help nurses in the nurse-
patient relationship.
She used a “systems approach” in the development of her systems
framework & her subsequent Goal Attainment Theory.
The “Goal Attainment Theory refers to the 3 interacting systems:
1. Individual or personal
2. Group or interpersonal
3. Society or social
This theory pertains to the importance of interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth & development, time
& personal space.
KING’S THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT
PERSONAL SYSTEM (INDIVIDUAL)
o The concepts of personal systems are: perception, self, growth &
development, body image, space & time.
o These concepts are fundamentals in understanding human being
because these refers to how the nurse views & integrates self from
personal goals & beliefs.
KING`S CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK & GOAL ATTAINMENT
THEORY & TRANSACTIONAL PROCESS
King believed that the goal of nursing is to “help individuals maintain their
health so they can function in their roles (King, 1981), transactions occur to
set goals related to the health of the patient.
She proposed that through mutual goal setting & goal attainment,
transactions result in enhanced growth and development for the client.
King used 10 major concepts from the personal and interpersonal systems to
support the Theory of Goal Attainment.
These concepts include: human interactions, perception, communication,
role, stress, time, space, growth & development and transactions.
MAJOR CONCEPTS OF IMOGENE KING`S THEORY OF GOAL
ATTAINMENT
HUMAN BEING
Individuals are social beings who are rational & sentient.
Humans communicate their thoughts, actions, customs & beliefs through
language
Persons exhibit common characteristics such as the ability to perceive, to
think, to feel, to choose between alternative courses of action, to set goals,
to select the means to achieve goals & to make decisions.
HEALTH
Is a dynamic life experience of a human being, which implies continuous
adjustment to stressors in the internal & external environment through
optimum use of one`s resources to achieve maximum potential for daily
living.
ENVIRONMENT
Is the background for human interactions
It is both external to and internal to the individual
NURSING
KING`S CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK & GOAL ATTAINMENT
THEORY & TRANSACTIONAL PROCESS
King’s theory has been one of the theoretical bases of some researches
that helped in formulating a system view of the application of the
nursing practice.
Some research have formulated a middle range theory out of King’s
theory out of King’s theory such as patient’s satisfaction from nursing
care, clients with chronic illness and family health.
The theory can also help set a framework for nursing studies which can
further prove the use and advantages of the nursing practice.