A rectangular reinforcement concrete beam, is simply supported on two 230 mm thick and 6m

apart masonry walls (centre to centre). The beam has to carry, in addition to its own weight,
a distributed live load of 10 kN/m and a dead load (udl) of 5 kN/m and 30kN (Point Load) at
the centre. Design the beam section having cross section 300 mm x 400 mm. Assume M25,
Fe415 and moderate exposure condition.

Solution:

1. Data Provided
Exposure condition = Moderate (Table 3, IS 456:2000)
Grade of Concrete= M25 (Table 5, IS 456:2000)
fck ≔ 25 MPa fy ≔ 415 MPa
Clear Cover= 25 mm (Table 16, IS 456:2000) assuming 20 mm dia main bar
b ≔ 300 mm
D ≔ 400 mm
Effective depth
20 mm
d ≔ D - 25 mm - 8 mm - ――― = 357 mm
2
2. Effective Length (Cl 22.2, IS456:2000)

Support Width Sw ≔ 230 mm

a) Lcc ≔ 6 m
b) Lcc - Sw + d = 6.127 m

Taking the lesser value

Leff ≔ 6 m
3. Design Load Calculation:
kN kN
Self Weight Wself ≔ 25 ――3
⋅ b ⋅ D = 3 ――
m m
Total Dead Load
kN kN
DLudl ≔ Wself + 5 ―― = 8 ――
m m
Live Load
kN
LLudl ≔ 10 ―― LLpoint ≔ 30 kN
m
Total UDL
kN
w ≔ DLudl + LLudl = 18 ――
m
Total Point Load(at Centre)
P ≔ LLpoint = 30 kN

For simply supported beam

Maximum Applied Moment due to UDL (at the centre of the span)
Leff 2
Mudl ≔ w ⋅ ――= 81 kN ⋅ m
8
Maximum SF near the support due to UDL
Leff
SFudl ≔ w ⋅ ―― = 54 kN
2

Maximum Applied Moment due to Point load (at the centre of the span)
Leff
Mpoint ≔ P ⋅ ―― = 45 kN ⋅ m
4
Maximum SF near the support due to point load
1
SFpoint ≔ P ⋅ ―= 15 kN
2
Maximum Design Moment (Centre of the span)
Mu ≔ Mudl ⋅ 1.5 + Mpoint ⋅ 1.5 = 189 kN ⋅ m

Maximum Shear force (Near the support)

Vu ≔ 1.5 ⋅ SFudl + 1.5 ⋅ SFpoint = 103.5 kN
4. Check for Singly reinforced or Doubly reinforced beam:

For Fe415 xulimit ≔ 0.48 ⋅ d

The limiting moment for the section is

xulimit ⎛ xulimit ⎞
Mulimit ≔ 0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ⎜1 - 0.42 ⋅ ――⎟ = 131.875 kN ⋅ m
d ⎝ d ⎠
Here
Mulimit < Mu Mu = 189 kN ⋅ m

This suggests that the section is not adequate to take the applied moment. That means the
section should be designed as doubly reinforced beam.

5. Calculation of steel

⎛ Mulimit ⎞
2 ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎜1 - 1 - 4.598 ⋅ ――― ⎟
⎜⎝ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⎟⎠
Ast_limit ≔ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d ⋅ ―――――――――= ⎛⎝1.275 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
2 ⋅ fy

Ast_limit
pt_limit ≔ ――― ⋅ 100 = 1.191
b⋅d
 20 mm
d' ≔ 25 mm + 8 mm + ――― = 43 mm
2
xumax ≔ xulimit = 171.36 mm

⎛⎝xumax - d'⎞⎠
εsc ≔ 0.0035 ⋅ ――――= 0.003
xumax

fsc ≔ 352 MPa

 ⎛⎝Mu - Mulimit⎞⎠
Asc ≔ ――――― = 516.839 mm 2
fsc ⋅ ((d - d'))

Ast1 ≔ Ast_limit = ⎛⎝1.275 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

fsc
Ast2 ≔ Asc ⋅ ――― = 503.884 mm 2
0.87 ⋅ fy

Ast ≔ Ast1 + Ast2 = ⎛⎝1.779 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

Number of tension steel to be provided

Ast
Nst_20mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 5.666
((20 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4

Ast
Nst_25mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 3.626
((25 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4

Let us provide 4- 25mm bars at the bottom section of the beam as tension reinforcement
2
((25 mm))
Ast_provided ≔ 4 ⋅ 3.14 ⋅ ―――― = ⎛⎝1.963 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2
4

Ast_provided
pst_provided ≔ ―――― ⋅ 100 = 1.832
b⋅d

Spacing
((300 - 2 ⋅ ((25 + 8)) - 4 ⋅ 25))
s ≔ ―――――――― mm = 44.667 mm
4-1
Minimum Spacing (Cl.26.3.2)

a)25mm (Max bar size)

b)20+5=25 mm (Nominal aggregate size+5mm) OK
 Number of compression steel to be provided
Asc
Nsc_20mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 1.646
((20 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4

Let us provide 2- 20mm bars at the top section of the beam as compression reinforcement
⎛ 2 ⎞
(
(20 mm )
)
Asc_provided ≔ 2 ⋅ ⎜3.14 ⋅ ―――― ⎟ = 628 mm 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠

Asc_provided
psc_provide ≔ ―――― ⋅ 100 = 0.586
b⋅d

6. Design check for the section:

25 mm
Actual d ≔ D - 25 mm - 8 mm - ――― = 354.5 mm
2
20 mm
d' ≔ 25 mm + 8 mm + ――― = 43 mm
2

⎛⎝xumax - d'⎞⎠
εsc ≔ 0.0035 ⋅ ――――= 0.003
xumax
fsc ≔ 352 MPa

⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎛⎝pst_provided - pt_limit⎞⎠⎞⎠

p'c ≔ ―――――――――― = 0.68
fsc - 0.446 ⋅ fck

psc_provided < p'c The section is over reinforced

Alternate Method
T＝C

0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast_provided ＝ 0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ xu + ⎛⎝fsc - 0.446 ⋅ fck⎞⎠ ⋅ Asc_provided

⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Ast_provided - ⎛⎝fsc - 0.446 ⋅ fck⎞⎠ ⋅ Asc_provided⎞⎠

xu ≔ ―――――――――――――――― = 0.183 m
0.36 ⋅ fck ⋅ b

xu
―= 0.517 Less than 0.48 so over reinforced
d
Redesign of the compression reinforcement

p'c = 0.68
⎛ p'c ⎞ 2
Asc ≔ ⎜―― ⎟ ⋅ b ⋅ d = 722.882 mm
⎝ 100 ⎠
Number of compression steel to be provided
Asc
Nsc_20mm ≔ ―――――― 2
= 2.302
((20 mm))
3.14 ⋅ ――――
4

Let us provide 3- 20mm bars at the top section of the beam as compression reinforcement

Shear Design
Design Shear Force Vu = 103.5 kN

Critical section is at a distance d from the face of the column

Check for section adequacy for shear

Design Shear Stress (Cl 40.1)
Vu
τV ≔ ―― = 0.973 MPa
b⋅d
Maximum shear stress permissible (Table 20)

τcmax ≔ 3.1 MPa fck = 25 MPa

τV < τcmax OK

Design Shear strength at the critical section

Ast_provided = ⎛⎝1.963 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2 pst_provided = 1.832

 From the table 19 shear strength at the critical section

p1 ≔ 1.75 τc1 ≔ 0.78 MPa p1 < p < p2

p ≔ pst_provided
p2 ≔ 2.0 τc2 ≔ 0.82 MPa

⎛⎝τc2 - τc1⎞⎠
τc ≔ τc1 + ―――― ⋅ ⎛p - p1⎞⎠ = 0.793 MPa
⎛⎝p2 - p1⎞⎠ ⎝

As τV = 0.973 MPa is greater than τc = 0.793 MPa

So design for shear should be done

The shear stress required to be design

τu ≔ τV - τc = 0.18 MPa

Vus ≔ τu ⋅ b ⋅ d = 19.145 kN

Assuming 2-legged 8mm stirrup

⎛ 2 ⎞
⎜ ((8 mm)) ⎟
Asv ≔ 2 ⋅ 3.14 ⋅ ―――― = 100.48 mm 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠

⎛⎝0.87 ⋅ fy ⋅ Asv ⋅ d⎞⎠

sv ≔ ―――――― = 671.754 mm (Cl. 40.4)
Vus

Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement (Cl. 26.5.1.5)

(1) 0.75 ⋅ d = 265.875 mm
 (2) 300 mm

Let provide 8 mm 2-legged stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm c/c