List of chemistry mnemonics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many
chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently
memorized with the help of mnemonics. This article contains the list of certain mnemonics in chemistry.

Acids
Contents
Dilution of acids
1 Acids
Care must be taken while diluting an acid. One should never add water
1.1 Dilution of acids
to acid, as it may splash out due to the excess heat produced and causes
2 Cations and anions
severe chemical burns. Rather, the acid should be added to water,
3 Redox reactions
slowly, with constant stirring. This can be remembered with the following
3.1 Ions
mnemonics.
3.2 Electrodes
Always do things as you oughta 4 −ate ions
5 Electronegativity
Add the acid to the water 6 Electrochemical series
If you think your life’s too placid 7 Activity series
Add the water to the acid 8 Diatomic molecules
9 Hydrogen bonds
Acid to Water; All is Well. 10 Electromagnetic spectrum
11 Organic chemistry
Water to Acid; What an Accident![1] 11.1 Nomenclature
11.2 Aromatic compounds
Cations and anions 12 Atomic orbital
12.1 Sequence of orbitals
Cations are positively (+) charged ions while anions are negatively (-) 12.2 Aufbau principle
charged. This can be remembered with the help of the following 13 Mohs scale of mineral hardness
mnemonics. 14 Periodic table
14.1 Periods
Cats have paws ⇔ Cations are pawsitive.[2] 14.2 Groups
Ca+ion: The letter t in cation looks like a + (plus) sign.[3] 14.3 Transition metals
An anion is a negative ion. (Anegativeion ⇒ Anion).[4] 14.4 Lanthanides and actinides
14.5 Miscellaneous
Redox reactions 15 Abundance of elements
15.1 On Earth's crust
A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in 16 Biochemistry
oxidation state of atoms participating in the reaction. 16.1 Krebs cycle
16.2 Plant nutrients
Ions 16.3 Essential amino acids
17 See also
An atom (or ion) whose oxidation number increases in a redox reaction is 18 References
said to be oxidized (and is called a reducing agent). It is accomplished by 19 Sources
loss of one or more electrons. The atom whose oxidation number 20 External links
decreases gains (receives) one or more electrons and is said to be
reduced. This relation can be remembered by the following mnemonics.

Leo says Ger! or Leo the lion, Ger! can be used to represent Loss of electron is oxidation; Gain of electron is
reduction.[5][6]
Oil Rig: Oxidation is loss; Reduction is gain (of electrons).[7]
Electrodes

An electrode in which oxidation takes place is called an anode while in that which reduction takes place is called cathode.
This applies for both electrolytic and electrochemical cells, though the charge on them reverses. The red cat and an ox
mnemonics are useful to remember the same.

Red cat: Reduction at cathode

An ox: Anode for oxidation.[8]

The words oxidation and anode, both begin with vowels.

Also, both reduction and cathode begin with consonants.[4]

−ate ions
Sulfate, Phosphate, Carbonate, Chlorate, Bromate, Iodate, Nitrate

Super Popeye Constantly Clubbed Brutus In Nevada.[9]

Nitrate, Bromate, Carbonate, Iodate, Chlorate, Chromate, Sulfate, Phosphate

Nick Brit the Camel ate an Inky Clam with Crêpes for Supper in Phoenix.

Number of consonants denotes number of oxygens. Number of vowels denotes negative charge quantity. Inclusion of the
word "ate" signifies that each ends with the letters a-t-e

Electronegativity
Fluorine > Oxygen > Clorine > Nitrogen > Bromine > Iodine > Sulphur > Carbon > Hydrogen ≥ Phosphorous

Pronounce: FOClNBrISCHP.[10]

FONe CalL Brought to India,Sonias Congress Happy Position

Electrochemical series
Potassium > Calcium > Sodium > Magnesium > Aluminium > Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper > Silver >
Gold

Paddy Could Still Marry A Zulu In The Lovely Honolulu Causing Strange Gazes.[11]

Activity series
K > Na > Mg > Al > Zn > Cr > Fe > Pd > H > Cu > Au

Kangaroos Naturally Muck About in Zoos For Purple Hippos Chasing Aardvarks.[12]

Katty's Naughty Cat Mingled with Alice and Zarina; Fearlessly Plundering Her Cupboard of Gold.[13]
Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron > Lead > Copper > Silver > Gold.

Peter Sells Careless Monkeys And Zebras In Large Cages Securely Guarded
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Zinc Iron Lead Copper Silver Gold

Potassium > Sodium > Calcium > Magnesium > Aluminum > Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Copper >
Mercury > Silver.

Popular Scientists Can Make A Zoo In The Low Humid Country More Satisfactorily.[14]
Private Second Class MACZITL He Can Make Some Gun Powder

Diatomic molecules
Molecules exhibiting diatomic structures can be remembered through the following mnemonics.

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends.

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer.
Help Our Needy Class Find Brains Immediately.
Horses Need Oats For Clear Brown Eyes (I's).
BrINClHOF: say Brinkelhof.[15]
HONClBrIF The name of the imaginary chemistry goose. Say "Honk-Cool-Brief."
I Bring Clay For Our New House.[16]
Have No Fear Of Cute, Innocent Baby twins.[17]

Hydrogen bonds
Hydrogen forms hydrogen bonds with three elements which are nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) and fluorine (F). The names of
these elements can be remembered by the following mnemonic.

Hydrogen is FON! (fun).[4]

Electromagnetic spectrum
In the order of increasing frequency or decreasing wavelength of electromagnetic waves;

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays

Ronald McDonald Invented Very Unusual & eXcellent Gherkins.[18]

Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns.

In the order of increasing wavelength;

Good Xylophones Use Very Interesting Musical Rhythms.[19] Similarly, Good Xylophonists Use Very
Interesting Musical Rhythms.

Organic chemistry
Nomenclature

Carboxylic acids
Common names of homogeneous aliphatic carboxylic acids,

Formic, Acetic, Propionic, Butyric, Valeric, Caproic

Frogs Are Polite, Being Very Courteous.[20]

Dicarboxylic acids

The sequence of dicarboxylic acids can be remembered with following mnemonics.

Oxalic, Malonic, Succinic, Glutaric, Adipic, Pimelic, Suberic, Azelaic, Sebacic

Oh My Such, Good Apples.[21]

Oh My Stars, Green Apples.
Oh My, Such Good Apple Pi.e., Sweet As Sugar.[22][23]
Oh My Stars, Go Ahead Please[4]

Aromatic compounds

m-directing groups

Quaternary amino Ester Sulfonic acid Nitro Carbonyl Carboxyl Cyano

(-NR3+) (-COOR) (-SO3H) (-NO2) (-CHO) (-COOH) (-CN)

Queen Elizabeth Second's Navy Commands, Controls, Communicates.[24]

o,p-directing groups

Alkyl Halogen Alkoxyl Amino Hydroxyl Amide Phenyl

(R) (X) (OR) (-NH2 -NHR -NR2) (OH) (NHCOR (C6H5)

AHA AHA P.[24]

Note: -NH2,-NHR and NR2 are para directing groups but not -NR3+

Atomic orbital
Sequence of orbitals

Further information: Spectroscopic_notation#Mnemonic

s pdfghik

Sober Physicists Don't Find Giraffes Hiding In Kitchens.

Note: After the k shell, they follow alphabetical order (skipping p as it came earlier).[1]

Aufbau principle

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 ...

The order of sequence of atomic orbitals (according to Madelung rule or Klechkowski rule) can be remembered by using
the following visual mnemonics.

Order in which orbitals are arranged by increasing energy

according to the Madelung rule. Each diagonal red arrow
corresponds to a different value of n + l.

Another version of the visual mnemonic for the Madelung rule

Mohs scale of mineral hardness

To remember the Mohs hardness of minerals;

Talc (1) < Gypsum (2) < Calcite (3) < Fluorite (4) < Apatite (5) < Orthoclase (6) < Quartz (7) < Topaz (8) < Corundum
(9) < Diamond (10)

Tall Gene Calls Florence At Our Quarters To Correct Dumbness.[1]

Periodic table
Periods

Periods 1, 2 and 3

H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Little Ben Became Charlie’s Number One Fighting Nemesis.

Native Magpies Always Sit Peacefully Searching Clear Areas.[25]

 Happy Henry Likes Beer But Could Not Obtain Four Nuts.

Naughty Magpies Always Sing Perfect Songs Clawing Ants.[26]

Here He Lies Beneath Bed Clothes, Nothing On, Feeling Nervous.

Naughty Margaret Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around." [27]

Hi Hello Little Beryll Brown Cracking Nuts On Friday .

Nellie's Naughty Magpie Always Sings Pop Songs Clearly

After Killing Cathy.[27]

Hi! He Lies Because Boron CanNot Oxidize Fluorine. Necromantic Nato Mg (abbv. for make good)

All Silicon Ports. Superman Clean Argon's K-Capture.[28]

Happy Harry Listens B B C Network Over France Nevertheless Nothing More Arose So Peter Stopped
Cleaning Airgun K Ca.[29]

Harry Helped Little Benny Balmer Carry Neat Oranges From Neptune's Natural Menagerie Always
Singing Polite Sonnets Clearly Arf Key Casually.

Ha. Healthy Little Beggar Boys Catching Newts Or Fish.[30]

Hell, Here Little Beatniks Brandish Countless Number Of Flick kNives.[31]

Nagging Maggie Always Sighs, "Please Stop Clowning Around." [27] (adapted)

Period 4

K (Potassium) Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr

''PoKey Captain Scans Tight Virgin Crew Members Fer Cold Night Cuddles. Zany Gray Germs Are Sold
By Kremlin.
In reverse order: Kry Brother! SeAs of Germany and Gaul sink copper ships Nice and Cold From Manx to
Crimea, Vancouver to Timor, and Scandinavia to the California Koast.[32]

Groups

Group 1 (alkali metals)

H Li Na K Rb Cs Fr

Highly Nasty Kids Rub Cats Fur.[16]

Happy Little Nasty Kids Rub Cat's Fur

Group 2 (alkaline earth metals)

Be Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra

Bearded Muggers Came Straight Back Rapidly.

Beer Mugs Can Serve Bar Rats.[16]
Group 13

B Al Ga In Tl

Boring Aluminum Galley’s Indigestible Tally-list.[33]

Bears Always Give Indians Trouble.[16]
"B" "A" "G" "I" "T"(bag it)

'Bounding Alligator's Gates Increase Terribly

Bring All Gas In Thailand

Group 14

C Si Ge Sn (tin) Pb (lead)

Can Silly Germans Snatch (Tiny) Public (Lead).

Can Simple Germans Snare (Tiny) Public (Lead)?[16]

Group 15 (pnictogens)

N P As Sb Bi

New Popes Assign Subordinate Bishops.[16]

Non-Profit As anti-money Business. *

Group 16 (chalcogens)

O S Se Te Po

Oversized Sailors Sell and Tell about Polo cologne.

Old TSangpo Seem Terribly Polluted.[16]
Oliver Smith Sells Tea Pots.

Group 17 (halogens)

F Cl Br I At

Fleeing Chlorine-layers & Bromine, I’d Astonish.[33]

Fairy Clowns Broil Innocent Ants.[16]

Group 18 (noble gases)

He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn

Hero Needs Arguable Kryptic Xes. Right-on.[33]

He Never Arrived; Karen eXited with Ron.[16]

Transition metals
First

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

Scary Tiny Vicious Creatures Mean Females Come Nightly to Club Z.[16]
Scabby Tim Violates Crummy, Mangy, Ferrets, Cows and Nice Cute Zebras.[18]
Saint Thomas Very Carefully Made Five Completely New Copies of Zarathustha.[34]

Second

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

Yes Sir, Nob. Most Technicians Rub Rod's Pale Silver Cadillac.[16]

Third

La ... Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

Larry's Half Taken, Wendy Reached Out Her Plate Audibly, Helga.[16]

Lanthanides and actinides

Lanthanides

(La) Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

Laand Ceremonies: Presiding Neo-dimwits Promise Some-mere European Goddole, Turbid Dysproteinemia
Holes Erban (urban) Tool-mans Year-tear-book Lucidly.[33]

Little Cute People Need Plenty Sex Every Given Time Despite Having Enough Through Young Love and
Currently Parties Never Provide Sexy English Girls That Drink Heavily, Even Though You Look.[32]

Ladies Can't Put Nickels Properly in Slot-machines. Every Girl Tries Daily, However, Every Time You
Look.[34]

Actinides

(Ac) Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Radiant Acting Thoroughly Protects yoUr Nepotism, Plutocratic America Cures-me & Berkeley California,
Einstein Firmly Mended Noble Lawreins.[33]
Three Planets: Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Amy Cured Berkeley, California. Einstein and Fermi Made
Noble Laws.[16]

Miscellaneous

56 in sequence
 He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba

Here Lies Benjamin Bones. Cry Not Oh Friend Needlessly.

Nature Magnifies All Simple People Sometimes Clowns And

Kings Can Scream Till Vast Crowds Moan. Fear Conquers Neither Courageous Zealous

Gallant Gents. As Seen Brown Karate Robes Strip Yobs. Zurich Noble Mortals Track Ruddy Rhubarb. Paid
Silver Candid

Indian Sons Sobbing Tears In Xcess Cease Bawling.[28]

Abundance of elements
On Earth's crust

Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminum > Iron (Fe) > Calcium > Magnesium (Mg) > Sodium (Na) > Potassium (K)
(The rest makes only 1%)

Oh See Al Fee Cah Mig NacK.[10]

Biochemistry
Krebs cycle

To remember Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle);

Citrate → Aconitate → Isocitrate → Oxalosuccinate → α-Ketoglutarate → Succinate → Fumarate → Malate →

Oxaloacetate

Caesar’s Armies Invaded Other Kingdoms Searching For Many Oranges.[10]

Plant nutrients

To remember the elements necessary for agriculture;

Carbon, Hydrogen, Calcium, Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum, Chlorine
(Cl), Boron

C (see) Hopkins CaFe, Mighty-good Man, Cu (see your) Money, hope they are Closed or out of Business.[35]

For remembering macronutrients;

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron (Fe), and Magnesium

C. HOPKiN'S CaFe Mg (C. Hopkins coffee mug).

Essential amino acids

Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Serine, Tyrosine, Glycine, Alanine, Cysteine, Glutamate, Asparate, Arginine, Glutamine,
Histadine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Histidine, Asparagine, (Selenocysteine - usually
omitted)

PVT TIM HaLL[36] and TT HALL Very IMPortant.[37]

LIFT HIM KIW(V)I

TV FILM HW(R)K.

Any Help In Learning These Little Molecules Proves Truly Valuable.[38] This method begins with the two amino
acids that need some qualifications as to their requirements.
There as [a] fat man [that] hated vanilla icing, [but] loved Kit-Kats.

See also
List of mnemonics

References

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12. ^ 15th page (http://www.sprowstonhigh.org/moodle/mod/resource/view.php?inpopup=true&id=1138)
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18. ^ a b "Amazing Science Experiments" (http://www.thesciencecupboard.com/). The Science Cupboard. Retrieved 2012-08-
 18. ^ a b "Amazing Science Experiments" (http://www.thesciencecupboard.com/). The Science Cupboard. Retrieved 2012-08-
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19. ^ John Watts, Aleksander Jedrosz, Susan Loxley (2006). to remember the order of electromagnetic waves&f=false Gcse
Edexcel Science (http://books.google.co.in/books?
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(http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=mTHQB7MkUFsC&pg=PA621&dq=Mnemonic++Remember+Carboxylic+acids&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=Mne
monic) (5, illustrated ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 621. ISBN 9780495388579. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
22. ^ "Mnemonic: Dicarboxilic Acids" (http://ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_dicarboxilicacids.htm). Ict4us.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
23. ^ "Organic Chemistry Nomenclature" (http://translationjournal.net/journal/03org.htm). Translationjournal.net. 1997-11-24.
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24. ^ a b "MCAT Mnemonics Organic Chemistry Flash Cards" (http://www.cram.com/cards/mcat-mnemonics-organic-
chemistry-645732). Cram.com. 2008-08-16. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
25. ^ http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed084p1918
26. ^ Table.pdf (http://www.kisd.org/curriculum_instruction/toolkit/tab5/Periodic)
27. ^ a b c "Mnemonic: Sentences to remember the elements" (http://ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_chemistry.htm). Ict4us.com.
Retrieved 2012-07-24.
28. ^ a b "Science Jokes:11. MNEMONICS : 11.5 CHEMISTRY" (http://jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl/scijokes/11_5.html#subindex).
Jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
29. ^ Chemical formula. "Periodic table mnemonic (memory device)" (http://www.chemicalformula.org/chemistry-
help/periodic-table-mnemonic-memory-device). Chemicalformula.org. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
30. ^ "Kids Tips for Easy Learning - Mnumonics" (http://www.betterendings.org/homeschool/fun/mnemonic.htm).
Betterendings.org. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
31. ^ Martin Berry. table mnemonic&f=false New Scientist (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=dkUzDol9AcQC&pg=PA535&dq=Periodic+table+mnemonic&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Periodic). Reed
Business Information. (Eyre Mithuen). p. 535. Unknown parameter |date of publishing=ignored (help)
32. ^ a b "CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY A very nice site of Anatomy Mnemonics by John Berger"
(http://img.com.tripod.com/mnemonics/chemistry.htm). Img.com.tripod.com. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
33. ^ a b c d e http://www.springerlink.com/content/n4041407123843k4/fulltext.pdf
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Arranged by Carl C. Gaither and Alma E. Cavazos-Gaither (http://books.google.com/books?
id=j7p5O0HbhHkC&pg=PA82). CRC Press. pp. 82–83. ISBN 978-0-7503-0682-9. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
35. ^ "Mnemonic: Elements necessary for agriculture" (http://ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_agriculture.htm). Ict4us.com. Retrieved
2012-08-09.
36. ^ Mnemonic medicalmnemonics.com 442 128 (http://www.medicalmnemonics.com/cgi-bin/lookup.cfm?
id1=442&id2=128&id3=&id4=)
37. ^ ;MATT VIL PLy Essential amino acids (http://mc.lifehugger.com/moc/68/essential-amino-acids) Essential amino acids,
Mnemonic.
38. ^ Williams, R.A.D.; Eliot, J.C. (1989). Basic and Applied Dental Biochemistry. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 149. ISBN 0-
443-03144-4.

Sources
http://www.freechemteacher.org/Recommended_Resources_files/Mnemonics for Chemistry.pdf
http://jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl/scijokes/11_5.html
http://ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_chemistry.htm
http://www.chem.uic.edu/marek/marek_downloads/documents/Mnemonics%20for%20chem%203%202010.ppt.pdf

External links
Mnemonics for the Entire Periodic Table (http://www.springerlink.com/content/n4041407123843k4/fulltext.pdf)

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Categories: Mnemonics Chemistry

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