Overview

Electro-mechanical oscillations between interconnected synchronous generators are

phenomena to power system. The stability of this oscillation is vital concern and is a
prerequisite for secure system operation. For many years the oscillation observed to be
troublesome or a very closely connected group of unit at a generating plant. Some low
frequency unstable oscillation were also observed when large system were also observed
when large system were connected by relatively weak tie lines and special control method
were used to stabilize the interconnected system. These low frequency modes were found to
involve groups of generators or generating plants on one side of the tie oscillating against
group of generators on the other side of the tie.

Oscillation associated with a single generator or single plants are called local modes or plant
modes. Local modes normally have frequencies on the range of 0.7 to 2.0Hz. The
characteristics of the oscillations are well understood.

Oscillation with a group of generators or group of plants is called inter-area modes. Inter-area
mode has frequencies in the range 0.1 to 0.8Hz. The characteristics of this mode of oscillation
and the factors influencing them are not fully understood. They are more complex to study
and to control so new type of stability control strategy based on WAMS.

However, in practical large-scale interconnected systems, there are usually various inter-area
oscillation modes with various oscillation shapes that act together and endanger the stable
and secure operation of power networks. In such a case, the simple FACTS or HVDC WAC
may not be sufficient to provide the effective damping for the multiple inter-area oscillation
modes. Therefore, the multiple wide-area controllers should be considered together in order
to establish the effective wide-area control network for the overall stability enhancement of
the large-scale power systems.

The complex nature of the interactions among many control loops makes the damping-control
design task challenging. The design methodology should therefore aim at improving damping
performance while ensuring the least interaction with other modes over the full range of
system operating conditions. Robust control action has been sought by pole-placement and
eigenvalue-sensitivity-based approaches. These techniques combined with FACT and HVDC
controller always ensure robustness in damping performance. Additionally, the amount of
control effort required in maintaining adequate damping is generally quite large.

The concept of H2/H∞, control design which can guarantee robust performance and robust
stability, despite uncertainty in plant parameter variations, has been applied in power systems
to damp out low- frequency oscillations. Normally, the problem is formulated as a weighted
mixed-sensitivity design and solved by a Riccati approach. The mixed-sensitivity H 2/H∞,
controller design based on the linear-matrix-inequality (LMI) formulation has shown
interesting results in damping-controller design since the solvability of a LMI-based
formulation applies to singular plant. The numerical nature of the solution provides an
improved controller with the same H2/H∞, norm as that obtained by the Riccati approach
because the controller does not suffer from pole-zero cancellation .The selection of weights
has become much easier, as no restriction is imposed on the augmented plant. It is shown that
a controller based on an LMI approach guarantees higher damping ratios for the inter-area
modes than can be achieved by the controller obtained by the conventional.

In this seminar the combination of HVDC and FACT controller with robust control system
enhances the damping of inter area-oscillation .Popper selection of optimal position and type
of FACT device and control signal, optimal location of PMU’s, and HVDC link position
between different area was considered. In addition, coordinated control also designed by
considering all controllers with robust control system and verified using New York power
system and New England test power system which has 16 machine and 68 buses.