Architectural Science

(HVAC)

Lecture By: Miju G.

 PASSIVE HEATING

• Passive Heating – employs no sophisticated collector

and no expensive technology to harness the sun’s energy.
No moving parts involved.
Ways in PassiveHeating:
• Direct-gain system – solar energy enters the house
through south-facing windows/glazing, floors or
walls which absorb and store the solar heat. As the
room cools during the night, the thermal mass
releases heat into the house.
Direct-gain system
 PASSIVE HEATING

• Indirect-gain system – solar radiation is

collected within a space that can be thermally
separated from the buildings occupied space.
• Trombe wall
• Roof pond system
Isolated gain system
• Attached sun space
• Thermo siphon
 Trombe wall
Is a massive equator-facing wall that is painted in dark color
in order to absorb thermal energy from incident sunlight and covered
with a glass along with an insulating air-gap.
 Types of
Trombe wall
Trombe walls
 Roof-Pond
System

is both a heating and

cooling system where
the thermal mass
(water) in put in a
plastic bag and
located on a roof top
to heat or cool the
space below.
Roof Pond System
 Attached sun space
Sunspace is a south-facing glazed area located outside of the
main fabric envelope of the building. The space naturally heats
and cools allowing daytime temperatures to raise higher and
night time temperatures to fall further than the 'comfort zone'
temperatures of the adjoining living space.

ISOLATED GAIN
SYSTEM
ISOLATED GAIN SYSTEM

Solar Air Heaters &

Thermo Siphon
 ACTIVE HEATING

• Active Heating – requires expensive and energy

consuming equipment to operate. It involves using
mechanical/moving parts to generate and deliver heat.
• Energy sources of active heating:
- Non-renewable energy
- Renewable energy
Non-renewable in the form of burning minerals,
electricity generated by fuels such as petroleum, wood,
etc.
Renewable energy in the form of electricity through sun,
wind, minerals/nuclear, water, biomass and geothermal.
• Using non-renewable
sources:
Incineration - is a waste
treatment process that
involves the combustion of
organic substances
contained in waste
materials.
Heat Production involves
heating of water through
waste combustion. The
process is energy efficient
with 70 to 80% of the
combustion of heat
recovered after incineration.
In some cases, the heat
generated by incineration
can be used to generate
electric power.
 Furnace - is a device used for heating in which heat is
produced with the help of combustion.
The heat energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly
by Fuel combustion or by Electricity such as the electric arc
furnace.
 Forced Air Furnace - is a furnace that heats a house
through a combustion and heating cycle of Natural gas, Oil
or Propane.
 Electric Arc Furnace - is a furnace that heats material by
means of Electric Arc (a glowing flow of electric city across
a gap in a circuit or between electricity) to produce heat.
Electric Arc has a temperature of 5,000 to 35,000 °F or
2,800 to 19,000 °C

• Induction heating
furnace
• Resistance heating
furnace
• Arc furnace
Fireplace is an architectural structure designed
to contain a fire for heating, as well as for
cooking.
Boiler is a closed vessel in which water or
other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized
fluid exits the boiler for use in various
processes or heating applications, including
boiler-based power generation, cooking, and
sanitation.
Types of Boilers:
• Oil-fired Boiler
• Gas-fired Boiler
• Coal-fired Boiler
• Package Type Boiler (for high output)
• Electric Boiler
 Gas-Fired Boiler

Package Type Boiler

Oil-Fired Boiler
Electric Boiler
 Baseboard
Radiators
Hot water heating is distributed
in two ways

Radiant floor
Systems
Reference:
▪ Introduction to ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE the basis of
sustainable design (Steven V. Szokolay)
▪ Environmental Science in Buildings (Randall Mc Mulln)
▪ HEATING, COOLING, LIGHTING Sustainable Design Methods
for Architects (Norbert Lechner)
▪ Sustainable Design A Critical Guide (David Bergman)