Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mendel
Robin D. Seamon
1. REVIEW: Amoeba Sisters: Intro to Heredity
(8 min)
They’re ALL
purple.
MENDEL’S CONCLUSIONS:
Heredity = genes: An individual’s characteristics are
determined by factors that are passed from one
parental generation to the next (genes)
• Each trait was determined by a single gene that
occurred in one of two ways (alleles)
• Purple flower or white flower
• Green or yellow
• Wrinkled or smooth
• Tall or short
• etc.
Principle of dominance – some alleles are
dominant over other (recessive) ones
• Organisms with at least one dominant allele will
express that gene
• Organisms with the recessive allele will only
express it if a dominant allele is NOT present
Flower
color
White
purple
purple
DOMINANT ALLELES
Had the recessive alleles just disappeared or were
they still present in the new plants but masked?
4:4
ratio
VIDEO: How
Mendel’s Pea
3:1 Plants helped
ratio us understand
genetics (3
min)
HUMAN phenotypes:
Make us look different
Predicting
Probability
1. Amoeba Sisters: Punnett Square Guinea
Pigs 6:30
OPTIONAL
1. Amoeba Sisters: Dihybrid Crosses (7 min)
A Good Scientist:
Mendel was a good scientist since he made careful
observations, collected accurate data & was able to
draw correct conclusions.
1. Establish parent
cross.
2. Assign letters: (use
letter of the
dominant trait)
3. Make an 8 Punnett
square for one trait.
4. Fill in chart.
F2
How do alleles segregate when more than one
allele is involved?
1. Establish parent
cross.
2. Assign letters: (use
letter of the
3. Make a 16 Punnett
square for two traits.
4. dominant traits)
5. Fill in chart.
NON-MENDELIAN TRAITS
In this example,
plants with red
flowers bred with
white flowers
produce PINK
flowers!
• NEITHER is
DOMINANT
Codominance- phenotypes of BOTH alleles are
expressed in the heterozygous offspring
In this example,
white chickens
crosses with black
chickens create
speckled chickens
• NEITHER is
DOMINANT BOTH COLORS
expressed
Polygenic traits- traits controlled by 2 or more
genes
EXAMPLES:
(traits that vary a
lot)
Height
Skin color
Hair color
MULTIPLE ALLELES
Example:
Rabbit fur color
(4 alleles)