PRINCIPLES OF

MANGEMENT

UNIT :1.1
BY Prof .VAISHNAVI NARENDRA
MANAGEMENT A SCIENCE OR ART AND A
PROFESSION
 Some authors have a perception that management as science because they
are all experimented and are also tested.

 Few authors describe management as an art because more practice is

required in management and it apparently leads towards the paths of
profession.

 In order to come to a conclusion that whether management is a science, art

or a profession , we must understand the meanings also some protocols along
with meaning and features.
Management as Science
 Since management is well defined and it encompasses systematic and
organized body of knowledge, through logical findings, facts etc.

 Main characteristics / features of science are :-

1. Systematic body of knowledge

2. Scientific principles are derived on the basis of logical and scientific
observations.
3. Principles are based on repeated experiments
4. Universal Validity
5. Replication is possible
Management as an Art

 The main features of considering management as

an art
 1. Systematic body of knowledge / existence of
theoretical knowledge
 2. Personalized application
 3. Based on practice and creativity
Management as profession

 “Profession can be defined as an occupation which requires a specific

knowledge and training, in which there is no entry without attainment of that
knowledge”
 1. Well defined body of knowledge
 2. Restricted Entry
 3. Presence of professional associations
 4. Existence of Ethical codes
 5. Service motive
Role of a Manager
 Interpersonal roles

 1. Figure head :-
In this role, a manager has to perform few duties which are ceremonial
in nature, such as attending wedding of an employee, making presence
to an important lunch organized by his client.
2. Leader :-
As a potential leader, every manger should motivate his employees, He
must also try to resolve the individual issues and fulfill the needs and
goals on an organization.
3. Liaison :-
In this role of liaison, every manager must always cultivate the contacts
outside the vertical chain of command to collect information which is
useful to the organization.
 INFORMATIONAL ROLES

 1. Monitor :- The manager has to perpetually scan his

environment for information , and try to interrogate and
he has to liaison contacts and his subordinates, and has to
receive the unsolicited information.
 2.Disseminator :- In this role of disseminator a manager
is required to pass the required information directly to
his privileged employees.
 3.Spokesman :- A manager is also required to represent
his company at various external groups , It can be the
potential investors, government officials , suppliers,
customers, financial institution.
 Decisional Roles

 1. Entrepreneur :- In this role a manger doesn’t adapt to things blindly,

instead proactively works on constant innovation and also creation of new
ideas, because the market is extremely dynamic, there must be a lot of
outward approach is required.
 2. Disturbance Handler :- Manger has to be like a fire fighter because there
are many circumstances where he is required to solve the unanticipated
problems.
 3. Resource allocator :- In this role a manager is required to delegate the
allocate the work effectively among his/ her subordinates.
 4. Negotiator :- The manager should always spend some considerable amount
of time in negotiations, like a president of a company negotiating with
workers union leaders etc.
 Managerial Skills

• Conceptual skill • Human • Technical

SUPERVISORY LEVEL
MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT
TOP MANAGEMENT

relations skill
skill
 Managerial Skills

 “ A skill is an ability to perform certain physical or mental tasks with an

anticipation of some outcome. Skill is not necessarily inborn . It can be
developed through practice and through translation of ones knowledge
and experience into knowledge.
 Mandatory skills required to be a successful manager :-
 The conceptual Skill :- This refers to an ability of a manager to take a
broad and far signed view and ability to create a vision for the
organization.
 The Technical skill :- Certain jobs requires a specified knowledge and proficiency
in order to perform the duties, the assigned manger must have a clear vision about
identifying and assigning the jobs based on their skills.
 Human Relations skill :- The ability to interact with people at all levels ,
this skill helps the manger to recognize the feelings and sentiments of
others and also learn to address the grievances of employers.