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3G WCDMA Physical PDF
3G WCDMA Physical PDF
Table of Contents
Physical Layer General Description
Logical channels
Layer 2
Medium Access Control
Transport channels
Higher Layer
Physical Layer
Decoding &
TFCI Coding & Multiplexing TFCI
Demultiplexing
Data
DPDCH Ndata bits
S field D field
NFBI
The S field is used for SSDT signalling, while the D field is
used for closed loop mode transmit diversity signalling.
The S field consists of 0, 1, or 2 bits. The D field consists of 0
or 1 bit. Simultaneous use of SSDT power control and closed
loop mode transmit diversity requires that the S field consists of
1 bit.
43 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
TFCI Bits
1 11 1
0 00 0
c d ,3 βd
Σ
DPDCH3 I
c d ,5 βd
DPDCH5
S lo n g , n o r S s h o r t , n
I+ jQ
c d ,2 βd
DPDCH2
c d ,4 βd
DPDCH4
βd
Σ
c d ,6 Q
DPDCH6
j
cc βc
DPCCH
⎧ ⎢ i⎥ ⎫
Clong,n (i) = clong,1,n (i)⎨1 + j(−1) clong,2,n (2 )⎬
i
⎩ ⎣⎢2⎥⎦ ⎭
Short scrambling code allocation
The n-th UL short scrambling code
Sdpch,n(i) = Cshort,n(i), i = 0, 1, …, 38399
⎧ ⎛ ⎢ i mod256⎥ ⎞⎫
Cshort,n (i ) = cshort,1,n (i mod256)⎨1 + j(−1) cshort, 2,n ⎜ 2⎢
i
⎥ ⎟⎬
⎩ ⎝ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎠⎭
51 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
5120 chips
4096 chips
10 ms (one radio frame)
Data
Data Ndatabits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0,1,2,3.)
Pilot TFCI
Control Npilotbits NTFCIbits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 10 bits
Slot #0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
3 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
6 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
7 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
8 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
11 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
12 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
13 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
14 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
cd βd
Sr-msg,n
PRACH message I
data part I+jQ
PRACH message Q
control part
cc βc j
4096 chips
0 or 8 slots N*10 msec
Data
Data Ndata bits
cd βd
Sc-msg,n
PCPCH message I
data part
I+jQ
PCPCH message Q
control part
cc βc j
cos(ωt)
Re{S} Pulse-
Complex-valued Split shaping
chip sequence S real &
from spreading imag.
Im{S} Pulse-
operations parts
shaping
-sin(ωt)
Downlink DPCH
CCPCH, PICH AICH, CPICH
Idle On-line
MS MS
SCH
Power-on
MS
84 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Downlink Transmit Diversity
Open loop transmit diversity: STTD and TSTD
Closed loop transmit diversity BS
Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop
TSTD STTD Mode
P-CCPCH – ˇ –
SCH ˇ – –
S-CCPCH – ˇ –
DPCH – ˇ ˇ
PICH – ˇ –
PDSCH – ˇ ˇ
AICH – ˇ –
CSICH – ˇ –
AP-AICH - ˇ -
CD/CA-ICH - ˇ -
DL-DPCCH for CPCH - ˇ ˇ
b0 b1 b2 b3
-b 2 b 3 b 0 -b 1 A nten na 2
C han nel b its
Prim ary
SC H ac p ac p ac p
256 chips
2560 chips
O ne 10 m s SC H radio fram e
Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #14
(Tx OFF)
acp acp acp
Antenna 1
acsi,0 (Tx OFF)
acsi,2 acsi,14
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)
acp
Antenna 2
(Tx OFF)
(Tx OFF)
acsi,1 (Tx OFF)
DPCCH
DPCH Ant2
DPDCH
∑
w2 CPICH2
w1 w2
Parameters
Each frame= 15 slots = 10 ms
Each slot= 2560 chips
Each slot= one power-control period.
SF = 512/2k (e.g., SF=512, 256, ...,4)
Two basic types
With TFCI (for several simultaneous services)
Without TFCI (fixed-rate services)
It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should be
transmitted and it is mandatory for all UEs to support
the use of TFCI in the downlink.
96 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
DL DPCH Compressed Mode
In compressed frames, a different slot format is used
compared to normal mode.
There are two possible compressed slot formats that are
labelled A and B.
Slot format B shall be used in frames compressed by
spreading factor reduction.
Slot format A shall be used in frames compressed by
puncturing or higher layer scheduling.
Symbol 0 0 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
#
Slot #0 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 10
1 00 11 00 11 00 11 10 11 00 11 10 11 11 11 00
2 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 10 11 00
3 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 00 11 01 11 10
4 10 11 10 11 10 11 01 11 10 11 01 11 11 11 11
5 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 10 11 01 11 01
6 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 11 11 11 00 11 10 11 11
7 10 11 10 11 10 11 00 11 10 11 00 11 10 11 00
8 01 11 01 11 01 11 10 11 01 11 10 11 00 11 11
9 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 00 11 11
10 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 01 11 11 11 10
11 10 11 10 11 10 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 00 11 10
12 10 11 10 11 10 11 00 11 10 11 00 11 01 11 01
13 00 11 00 11 00 11 11 11 00 11 11 11 00 11 00
14 00 11 00 11 00 11 11 11 00 11 11 11 10 11 01
TPC
TPC Bit Pattern Transmitter Power
Control Command
NTPC = 2 NTPC = 4 NTPC = 8
11 1111 11111111 1
00 0000 00000000 0
TFCI
TFCI value in each radio frame corresponds to a
certain combination of bit rates of the DCHs
currently in use.
Multicode
Transmission transmission is
Power Physical Channel 2 mapped onto several
parallel downlink
DPCHs using the same
•••
spreading factor.
Transmission
Power
Layer 1 control
Physical Channel L
information is
transmitted only on
One Slot (2560 chips)
the first DL DPCH.
101 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Frame Structure:
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
Antenna 1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Antenna 2 -A -A A A -A -A A A -A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A A A -A -A
Frame#i Frame#i+1
Frame Boundary
P-CCPCH ˇ – –
SCH ˇ – –
S-CCPCH ˇ – –
DPCH ˇ ˇ ˇ
PICH ˇ – –
PDSCH* ˇ ˇ ˇ
AICH ˇ – –
CSICH ˇ – –
Note *: the same phase reference as with the associated DPCH shall be used.
107 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Primary Common Control Physical Channel
(P-CCPCH)
Fixed rate: 30 kbps, SF=256.
Used to carry the BCH transport channel.
No TPC commands, no TFCI and no pilot bits.
Frame structure:
256 chips
Data
(Tx OFF)
N data1 =18 bits
1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms
108 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Secondary Common Control Physical
Channel (S-CCPCH)
S-CCPCH is used to carry the FACH and PCH.
Two types of S-CCPCHs: those that include TFCI and those
that do not include TFCI.
It is the UTRAN that determines if a TFCI should be
transmitted, hence making it mandatory for all UEs to support
the use of TFCI.
TFCI Data Pilot
NTFCI bits Ndata1 bits Npilot bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
109 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Secondary CCPCH Fields
Slot Channel Bit Channel Symbol SF Bits/ Bits/ Ndata1 Npilot NTFCI
Format #i Rate (kbps) Rate (ksps) Frame Slot
0 30 15 256 300 20 20 0 0
1 30 15 256 300 20 12 8 0
2 30 15 256 300 20 18 0 2
3 30 15 256 300 20 10 8 2
4 60 30 128 600 40 40 0 0
5 60 30 128 600 40 32 8 0
6 60 30 128 600 40 38 0 2
7 60 30 128 600 40 30 8 2
8 120 60 64 1200 80 72 0 8
9 120 60 64 1200 80 64 8 8
10 240 120 32 2400 160 152 0 8
11 240 120 32 2400 160 144 8 8
12 480 240 16 4800 320 312 0 8
13 480 240 16 4800 320 296 16 8
14 960 480 8 9600 640 632 0 8
15 960 480 8 9600 640 616 16 8
16 1920 960 4 19200 1280 1272 0 8
17 1920 960 4 19200 1280 1256 16 8
Primary
SCH acp acp acp
256 chips
2560 chips
Data
Ndata1 bits
Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=0..6)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
117 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0
20 ms
Secondary
SCH
Any CPICH
P-CCPCH Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 0 Radio frame with (SFN modulo 2) = 1
τPICH
10 ms 10 ms
136 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Timing Relationship between Physical
Channels
The P-CCPCH, on which the cell SFN is transmitted, is
used as timing reference for all the physical channels,
directly for downlink and indirectly for uplink.
Transmission timing for uplink physical channels is
given by the received timing of downlink physical
channels.
SCH (primary and secondary), CPICH (primary and
secondary), P-CCPCH, and PDSCH have identical
frame timings.
τPICH
τp-a
Pre- Pre-
amble amble Message part
PRACH access
slots TX at UE
τp-p τp-m
DPCH frame
TDPCH TPDSCH
j
145 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
Spreading with SCH
Different downlink
Physical channels
G1
G2 Σ
P-SCH
Σ
GP
S-SCH
GS
cos(ωt)
Re{T} Pulse-
Complex-valued Split shaping
chip sequence T real &
from summing imag.
parts Im{T} Pulse-
operations
shaping
-sin(ωt)
1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms
TrBk
TrBk
163 WITS Lab, NSYSU.
UL-MCC
TrBk concatenation
TrBk CRC
TrBk CRC TrBk CRC
TrBk CRC
Concatenation
1236
Of encoded blocks
Radio frame size
1236 4
equalization
Assume TTI=8, 1236/8 = 154.5,
So we add 4 to let it can be divided by 8
Input bits 0 2 1 3
Example
Assume 3 TrCH
N0 = 30, RM = 10
N1 = 100, RM = 12
N2 = 20, RM = 13
If Ndata = 180
Z1 = floor(300*180/1760) = 30 : Δ= 0
Z2 = floor((300+1200)*180/1760) = 153 : ΔN1 = 23
Z3 = floor((300+1200+260)*180/1760) = 180 : ΔN2 = 7
If Ndata = 130
Z1 = floor(300*130/1760) = 22 : ΔN0 = -8
Z2 = floor((300+1200)*130/1760) = 110 : ΔN1 = -12
Z3 = floor((300+1200+260)*130/1760) = 130 : ΔN2 = -10
+5 +5 +5 +5
Variable e: 3 1 -1 4 2 0 5 3 1 -1 4 2 0 5 3
Input bits: 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
Output bits: 0 X 0 X 1 0 X 1 X 0
RM
0100100110 001010
Rate matching TrCH1 TrCH1 TrCH2 TrCH2 TrCH3 TrCH3 TrCH3 TrCH3
PhCH
Physical channel mapping
PhCH
175 c2
WITS Lab, NSYSU.
DL-MCC
1. CRC attachment
2. TrBk concatenation / code block segmentation
3. Channel coding
4. Rate matching
5. 1st insertion of DTX indication
6. 1st interleaving
7. Radio frame segmentation
8. TrCH multiplexing
9. 2nd insertion of DTX indication
10. Physical channel segmentation
11. 2nd interleaving
12. Physical channel mapping
RM in UL case RM in DL case
TFCS example
Combination 1: DCH1{20bits, 20bits}, DCH2{320bits, 1280bits}
DCH3{320bits,320bits}
Combination 2: DCH1{40bits, 40bits}, DCH2{320bits, 1280bits}
DCH3{320bits,320bits}
Combination 3: DCH1{160bits, 160bits}, DCH2{320bits, 320bits}
DCH3{320bits,320bits}
Assume RM1 = RM2 = RM3 = 100 (same importance)
Fixed position
Choose N1=160, N2=1280, N3=320 to calculate for ΔNi
Flexible position
Choose N1=40, N2=1280, N3=320 to calculate for ΔNi (combination 2)
T TF T TF
Data1 P CI Data2 PL PL Data1 P CI Data2 PL
C C
T TF T T TF
Data1 P CI Data2 PL P PL Data1 P CI Data2 PL
C C C
PhCH size
CRC
Ta il b it a tta c h m e n t* N TrC H a 12 N TrC H b N TrC H c
Ta il Ta il Ta il
C o n v o lu t i o n a l N TrC H a+ 1 2 8 N TrC H b 8 * N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 N TrC H c 8 * N T rC H c/ 6 0
c o d i n g R = 1 /3 , 1 / 2
R a d io fra m e 3 * ( N T rC H a + 2 0 ) 3 * ( N T rC H b+ 8 * N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 ) 2 * ( N T rC H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )
e q u a liz a tio n
1 st in te r le a v in g 3 * ( N T rC H a + 2 0 ) 1 3 * ( N T rC H b+ 8 * N T rC H b / 1 0 3 ) 1 2 * ( N T rC H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )
R a d io fra m e 3 * ( N T rC H a + 2 0 ) + 1 * 3*( 2 * ( N T rC H c+ 8 * N T r C H c/ 6 0 )
s e g m e n ta tio n ⎡ N T rC H a / 8 1 ⎤ N T r C H b + 8 * N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 ) + 1 * N T rC
#1a #2b #1b #2b #1c #2c
R a te m a tc h in g N RFa N RFa N RFb N RFb N RFc N RFc
N R F a = [ 3 * ( N T rC H a + 2 0 )+ 1 * ⎡ N T rC H a /8 1 ⎤ ] /2
N R F b= [ 3 * ( N T rC H b+ 8 * N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 ) + 1 * N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 ] /2
N R F c= N T rC H c+ 8 * N T rC H c/ 6 0
T o T rC h M u ltip le x in g
CRC
336 16
T rB k c o n c a te n a tio n B T rB k s
(B = 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 9 )
352* B
T u r b o c o d in g R = 1 /3
1056* B
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t
T a il
1 st in te r le a v in g 1056* B 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤
R a d io fra m e 1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤
s e g m e n ta tio n
#1 #2
R a te m a tc h in g ( 1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ )/2 (1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ )/2
#1 #2
(1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ )/2 + N RM 1 ( 1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ ) /2 + N RM 2
T o T rC h M u ltip le x in g
B T rB k s
T rB k c o n c a te n a tio n (B = 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 1 2 , 2 4 )
C o d e b lo c k 352* B
s e g m e n ta tio n
176* B 176* B
T u rb o c o d in g R = 1 /3
528* B 528* B
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t
T a il T a il
1 st in te r le a v in g 528* B 1 2 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤ 528* B 1 2 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤
R a d io fra m e 1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤
s e g m e n ta tio n
#1 #2
R a te m a tc h in g (1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤ )/2 (1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤ )/2
#1 #2
(1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤ )/2 + N RM 1 (1 0 5 6 * B + 2 4 * ⎡ B /2 4 ⎤ )/2 + N RM 2
T o T rC h M u ltip le x in g
#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4
TrCH
multiplexing
#1a #1b #1c #1 #2a #2b #2c #2 #1a #1b #1c #3 #2a #2b #2c #4
2nd interleaving
#1 #2 #3 #4 #1 #2 #3 #4
TrCH
multiplexing
#1 #1 #2 #2 #3 #3 #4 #4
2nd interleaving
Physical channel
mapping
CRC
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t* N TrC H a 12 N TrC H b N TrC H c
Ta il Ta il Ta il
C o n v o lu tio n a l N TrC H a+ 1 2 8 N TrC H b 8*N T rC H b/ 1 0 3 N TrC H c 8* N T rC H c/ 6 0
c o d in g R = 1 /3 , 1 /2
N RFa = [3 * (N T rC H a + 20) +N RM a+ N D Ia ] / 2
T o T rC h M u ltip le x in g
T rB k B T rB k s
c o n c a te n a tio n (B = 0 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 8 , 9 )
352* B
T u r b o c o d in g R = 1 /3
1056*B
T a il b it a tta c h m e n t
T a il
R a te m a tc h in g 1056*B 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤
1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ + N R M
st
1 in te rle a v in g
R a d io fra m e 1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ + N R M
s e g m e n ta tio n
#1 #2
(1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ + N R M )/2 (1 0 5 6 * B + 1 2 * ⎡ B /9 ⎤ + N R M )/2
T o T rC h M u ltip le x in g
#1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4
TrCH
multiplexing
#1a #1b #1c #1 #2a #2b #2c #2 #1a #1b #1c #3 #2a #2b #2c #4
2nd interleaving