GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF

NURSING,
JODHPUR (RAJ.)

Assignment
on
FEMALE PELVIS
Subject-Obstetrics & Gynecology Specialty-I

SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY-

Mrs. ANNMA SUMON HEMLATA BHANWARIA
NURSING LECTURER M.sc (N) Pre. year
GCON, Jodhpur GCON, Jodhpur
INTRODUCTION
The pelvic girdle, a basin shape cavity, is a bony ring between the movable vertebrae of the vertebral
column which it supports, and the lower limbs that it rests on. It contains and protects the bladder, rectum
and internal reproductive organs.

PELVIC BONES
The pelvis is composed of total 4 bones-
 2 Innominate bones
 Sacrum
 Coccyx

1) Innominate bone is made-up of three bones:

(a) Ilium is the large flared out part.

It is formed by:
 Iliac crest
 Anterior superior iliac spine
 Anterior inferior iliac spine
 Posterior superior iliac spine
 Posterior inferior iliac spine
 Iliac fossa

(b) Ischium is the thick lower part which is formed by:

 Ischial tuberosity
 Ischial spine
 Superior ramus
 Inferior ramus
 Symphysis pubis
 Pubic arch
 Obturator foramen

(c) Pubic bone: Two pubic bones join and form symphysis pubis.
 Acetabulum
 Superior ramus
 Greater sciatic notches
 Lesser sciatic notches

2) Sacrum is a wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae-

 Sacral promontory
 Sacral ala or wing
 Hollow of sacrum
 Sacral foramina
 Four pairs of holes of foramina

3) Coccyx is a vestigial tail. It consists of four fused vertebrae, forming a small triangular bone.

TYPES OF PELVIS-
1. GYNECOID PELVIS
 Typical female pelvis found in 50% of women
 Rounded-slightly oval inlet
 Straight pelvic sidewalls with roomy pelvic cavity
 Good sacral curve
 Ischial spines are not prominent
 Pubic arch is wide
 2. ANDROID PELVIS
 Typical male pelvis found in 1/3 white women 1/6 non-white
 Pelvic brim is heart shaped
 Pelvis funnels from above downwards (convergent sidewalls)
 Narrow pubic arch
 Prominent spines

3. ANTHROPOID PELVIS
 25% white women
 Pelvic brim APD> TD
 Long & narrow pelvic canal with long sacrum
 Straight pelvic sidewalls

4. PLATYPELLOID PELVIS
 5% of women
 Pelvic brim
 Transverse Diameter is more than Anterior Posterior Diameter
 Kidney shape
 Sacral promontory pushed forwards

REGIONS OF PELVIS
It is divided into two parts-
1. True pelvis
2. False pelvis

1. True pelvis is the bony canal through which the fetus must pass during birth. It is divided into-
-Inlet / Brim
-Cavity
-Outlet
2. False pelvis is formed by the iliac portion of the innominate bones and is limited above by the iliac crests.
 It has got little obstetric significance.
 Its boundaries are:
 posteriorly -lumbar vertebrae,
 laterally-iliac fossa, and
 anteriorly –anterior abdominal wall.

DIAMETERS OF DIFFERENT PLANE OF THE PELVIS

I. PELVIC BRIM
 It is the inlet of the pelvis which divides the pelvic cavity into false & true pelvis.

 The bony landmarks on the brim from anterior to posterior on each side are-
 upper border of symphysis pubis,
 pubic crest,
 pubic tubercle,
 pectineal line of the pubis,
 ilio-pubic eminence,
 ilio-pectineal line,
 Sacro-iliac joint,
 anterior border of ala of the sacrum,
 sacral promontory.

 The brim is oval / round in shape.

DIAMETERS:

1. Antero-posterior diameter{APD} (True conjugate, anatomical conjugate, conjugate Vera) –

 Distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the inner margin of the upper border of
the symphysis pubis.
 It measures 11 cm.

2. Obstetric conjugate-
 Distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the prominent bony projection in the
midline on the inner surface of the symphysis pubis.
 It measures 10cm.

3. Diagonal conjugate-
 Distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the lower border of the symphysis pubis.
 It measures 12 cm.

4. Oblique diameter-
 There are two oblique diameters - right & left. Each one extends from one sacro-iliac joint to the
opposite ilio-pubic eminence and measures 12 cm.

5. Transverse diameter (TD)-

 It is the distance between the two farthest points on the pelvic brim over the ilio-pectineal lines.
 It measures 13cm.

THE PELVIC CAVITY

 The pelvic canal is curved; the posterior wall is longer than the anterior.
 The roomiest zone with almost round shape.

DIAMETERS:
1. Antero-posterior –
 It measures from the midpoint on the posterior surface of the symphysis pubis to the junction of 2nd
and 3rd sacral vertebrae, it measures 12 cm.

2. Transverse - It measures 12 cm.

THE PELVIC OUTLET

1. Obstetrical outlet
 It is the segment of the pelvis bounded above by the plane of least pelvic dimensions and below by
the anatomical outlet.
 It is antero-posteriorly oval.

 APD
 Lower border of the symphysis pubis to the tip of the sacrum - 11cm.

 Transverse Diameter
 Also called bispinous diameter, distance between the tips of two ischial spines – 10.5 cm.

2. Anatomical outlet (bony outlet)

 It is bounded in front by the lower border of symphysis pubis; laterally by ischiopubic rami, ischial
tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament and posteriorly by the tip of coccyx.
 It is diamond shaped.

 APD
 Lower border of symphysis pubis to the tip of the coccyx – 13cm.
  TD
 Also called intertuberous diameter.
 It measures between inner borders of ischial tuberosities – 11cm.

REGIONS BRIM CAVITY OUTLET

APD 11cm 12cm 13cm

OD 12cm 12cm 12cm

TD 13cm 12cm 11cm

PELVIC JOINTS
1. One symphysis pubis
2. Two sacroiliac joints
3. One sacrococcygeal joint

PELVIC LIGAMENTS
1. Sacro-spinous ligament
Æ One ligament on each side of the sacrum to ischial spines.

2. Sacro-tuberous ligament
Æ One ligament runs from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity.

3. Sacro-iliac ligament
ÆThese ligaments pass in front of and behind each Sacro-iliac joint.

4. Sacro-coccygeal ligament
Æ One ligament on each side from Sacrum to coccyx.

5. Interpubic ligament
Æ Over the pubic bone.
 Govt. COLLEGE OF
NURSING JODHPUR (RAJ.)

ASSIGENMENT
ON
MENOPAUSE

Subject-Obstetrics & Gynecology Specialty-I

SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY-

Mrs. Jyoti Bala Jangid BHAWANA KHICHI

NURSING LECTURER M.sc (N) Pre. year

GCON, Jodhpur GCON, Jodhpur