?

Problem 1.
Let triangle 4ABC be with circumcircle (O). M, N lie on BA, BC respectively such that
AM = CN . M N meets AC at point K. Let P, Q be incenter and K-excenter of triangles
KAM and KCN , respectively. Prove that the midpoint of arc BAC of circle (O) has the
same distance to P and Q.

O
D
P Q
E

A
C K

Lời giải. Let T be the second intersect of (BM N ) and (O). From the internal angle, we
have
∠T AB = ∠T CB, ∠T M B = ∠T N B,
and AM = CN , so 4T AM = ∠T CN . Then T A = T B, means that T is the midpoint of
arc BAC of circle (O).
In the other hand, from the internal angle, we get

∠T CK = ∠T BA = ∠T N K,

then T N CK is cyclic. Similarly, T M AK is also cyclic.

Since AM = CN , easy to see that (KAM ) and (KCN ) are equal. So, if we call that D, E
are the midpoints of arc AM and CN of circles (KAM ) and (KCN ), respectively, then

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Một số bài toán về tập [2n] Tống Hữu Nhân

two isosceles triangles DAM and ECN are equal. But we know that D, E are also the
circumcenter of 4P AM and 4QCN , so DP = EQ.

At last, from (KAM ) and (KCN ) are equal, we get T D = T E, then T P = T Q.

Problem 2.

A hexagon ABCDEF has AE = BD, BF = CE, AC = DF . Prove that three lines,

which go through two midpoints of two opposite sides, are concurrent.

A
M
B
S

N
F
Z

X Y

E
Q
D

Lời giải. Let M, N, P, Q, R, S be the midpoints of sides AB, BC, CD, DE, EF, F A, re-
spectively, and X, Y, Z be the midpoints of AD, BE, CF . Since AE = BD and the
midsegmants, we get

1 1
XQ = Y M = · AE = · BD = XM = Y Q,
2 2
so XM Y Q is rhombus, then M Q is the perpendicular line of XY . Similarly, N R, P S are
the perpendicular lines of XZ, Y Z, so M Q, N R, P S are concurrent at circumcenter of
4XY Z.

Problem 3.

Let a trapezoid ABCD have ∠A = ∠B = 90◦ . A point E lies on side CD. The incircle
(I) of triangle EAB is tagential to AB, AE, BE at P, F, K, respectively. KF meets BC
at M and meets AD at N . P M, P N cuts the circle (I) again at H, T , respectively. Prove
that P H = P T.

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Tống Hữu Nhân Một số bài toán về tập [2n]

B M
C

H
K

I
P
Q
E

T F

A N D

Lời giải. KF meets AB at S. We have known that EP, AK, BF are concurrent at
Gergonne point, then (SP AB) = −1. Let Q be the projection of P on KF then
(QS, QP, QA, QB) = −1, but QS ⊥ QP so QP is the angle bisector of ∠AQB. From that,
we get ∠BQM = ∠AQN .

In the other hand, easy to realize that P QM B and P QN A are cyclic, so

∠BP M = ∠BQM = ∠AQN = ∠AP N .

Combining with AB is the tagent of (I), we get

∠P T H = ∠BP M = ∠AP N = ∠P HT ,

or P H = P T.

Problem 4.

Let ABC be a triangle inscribed in a circle (ω) and I is the incenter. Denote D, E as the
intersection of AI, BI with (ω). And DE cuts AC, BC at F, G respectively. Let P be a
point such that P F k AD and P G k BE. Suppose that the tangent lines of (ω) at A, B
meet at K. Prove that three lines AE, BD, KP are concurrent or parallel.

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Một số bài toán về tập [2n] Tống Hữu Nhân

A E

I
P

B
G C

D
N

Lời giải. KA cuts P F at M , KB cuts P G at N.

Using internal angle and the angle bisector, we have

∠IEF = ∠BAI = ∠F AI,

then AIF E is cyclic. In addition, we get

∠AM F = ∠KAI = ∠KAB + ∠BAI
= ∠AEI + ∠F EI = ∠AEF ,
then AIF M is cylic. Summarily, A, I, F, E, M lis on a circle. And similarly, B, I, G, D, N
also lie on a circle.
We have known that DE is perpendicular bisector of CI, so it is easy to see that IF CG
isa rhombus. From that above, we get

∠AM I = ∠AEI = ∠KAB,

then IM k AB. Similarly IN k AB, implies that M, N, I are collinear. But from P F k
AD, P G k BE, we have AIF M and BIGN are isosceles trapezoids, so

AM = IF = IG = BN,

then ABN M is also a isosceles trapezoid, means that it is cyclic. (1)

In the other hand, we get

∠P F G = ∠M F E = ∠M IE = ∠BIN = ∠IN G,

so F GN M is cyclic. (2)
From (1) and (2), we have P K is the radical axis of (AIE) and (BID). Now on, we can
easily take the conclusion of the problem.

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Tống Hữu Nhân Một số bài toán về tập [2n]

Problem 5.

Let ABC be a triangle with A0 , B 0 , C 0 are midpoints of BC, CA, AB respectively. The circle
(ωA ) of center A has a big enough radius cuts B 0 C 0 at X1 , X2 . Define circles (ωB ), (ωC )
with Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 similarly. Suppose that these circles have the same radius, prove that
X1 , X2 , Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 are concyclic.

A
Y2

Z1

X2
X1
C0
B0
H

B A0 C
Y1

Z2

Lời giải. Let H be the orthocenter of 4ABC. Since AH ⊥ X1 X2 and AX1 = AX2 , then
HX1 = HX2 . Similarly, HY1 = HY2 and HZ1 = HZ2 . (1)

Denote R is the radius of 3 circle (ωA ), (ωB ), (ωC ). As HB ⊥ Y1 C 0 , HC ⊥ Z1 B 0 , we have

2 2
HY1 2 − R2 = HY1 2 − BY1 2 = HC 0 − BC 0 ,

2 2
HZ1 2 − R2 = HZ1 2 − CZ1 2 = HB 0 − CB 0 .

In addition AH ⊥ B 0 C 0 , so
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
HC 0 − BC 0 = HC 0 − AC 0 = HB 0 − AB 0 = HB 0 − CB 0 .

From that HY1 = HZ1 . Similarly, HX1 = HY1 = HZ1 and HX2 = HY2 = HZ2 . (2)

From (1) and (2), H is the center of the circle which goes through 6 point X1 , X2 , Y1 , Y2 , Z1 , Z2 .

Problem 6.

Let ABC be a triangle with circumcenter O and orthocenter H. Prove that four Euler
circles of triangle ABC, AOH, BOH, COH are concurrent.

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Một số bài toán về tập [2n] Tống Hữu Nhân

J
Ha O0
Oa

N
P

O
E
H K

B D M C

Lời giải. Let M, N, P be the midpoints of BC, CA, AB and D be the projection of A
on BC. Denote (E) is the Euler circle of 4ABC then M, N, P, D lie on (E) and E is
midpoint of OH.

Similarly, let Ha , Oa be the midpoints of AH, AO and K be the projection of A on OH

then Ha , Oa , K, E lie on the Euler circle of 4AOH.

Denote J as symmetric with K through N P . Foremost, we will prove that J is the

intersection of (KHa Oa ) and (E).

Indeed, easy to see that O, E is circumcenter and orthocenter of 4M N P . From midsegment,

−−→ −−→ −−→
we have EOa = 12 · HA = M O, so Oa is symmetric with E through N P . Then EOa JK is
isosceles trapezoid, which means that J ∈ (EOa K). (1)

In the other hand, since O is orthocenter of 4M N P , if we denote O0 as symmetric with

O through N P , so O0 ∈ (E). In addition M O0 ⊥ M D, then DO0 as the diameter of (E).
And by the symmetry, we get

∠DJO0 = ∠AKO = 90◦ ,

which impies that J ∈ (E). (2)

From (1) and (2), we get J is the intersection of (KHa Oa ) and (E). Note that J ∈ (E)
and O0 J is symmetric to OH through N P , whịch implies that J is the anti-Steiner point
of OH wrt 4M N P . Similarly, J lies on the Euler circles of 4BOH, 4COH.

Problem 7.

Let I be the incenter of ABC and J the excenter of the side BC, let M be the midpoint of
CB and N the midpoint of arc BC(with the point A). If T is the symmetric of the point
N by the point A, prove that the quadrilateral JM IT is cyclic.

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Tống Hữu Nhân Một số bài toán về tập [2n]

E M

B D C

Lời giải. AI cuts BC at D and cuts (ABC) again at P . We have known that B, C, I, J
lie on circle (P, IJ
2
).

AN meets BC at E, then AE is the external angle bisector of ∠BAC, so (DE, BC) = −1.
We have
DE · DM = DB · DC = DI · DJ,

means that IM JE is cyclic. (1)

In the other hand, we have known that (AD, IJ) = −1. Combining with D is orthocenter
of 4N P E, we get

AT · AS = −AN · AS = AD · AP = AI · AJ,

implies that IJET is cyclic. (2)

From (1) and (2), then J, I, M, T, E lie on a circle.

Problem 8.

Let ABC be a triangle, the circle having BC as diameter cuts AB, AC at F, E respectively.
Let P a point on this circle. Let C 0 , B 0 be the projections of P upon the sides AB, AC
respectively. Let H be the orthocenter of the triangle AB 0 C 0 . Show that ∠EHF = 90◦ .

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Một số bài toán về tập [2n] Tống Hữu Nhân

E
E0
F0

H B0
F

B C

C0

Lời giải. Let B 0 E 0 , C 0 F 0 be the altitudes of 4AB 0 C 0 then they cuts each other at H.
We have that AB 0 P C 0 is inscribed in the circle with diameter AP , so AP passes through
the circumcenter of 4AB 0 C 0 . Then AP, AH reflect each other by the angle bisector of
∠B 0 AC 0 . From that, easy to prove that 4AHF 0 ∼ 4AP C 0 .
AE AB
But BE k C 0 F 0 , as Thales’s Theorem, we have 0
= , implies that
AF AC 0
HE AE EF
= = .
PB AB BC
HF EF
Similarly, we get = , thus 4HEF ∼ 4P BC. Then ∠EHF = ∠BP C = 90◦ .
PC BC

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Tống Hữu Nhân Một số bài toán về tập [2n]

Tài liệu tham khảo

[1] AoPS : http://artofproblemsolving.com/