As350b3 Vemd

IMPORTANT NOTE : Description and Operation Manual
Printed from EUROCOPTER CD ROM "OPEN 350" : 024 (2006-09-22) Revision.

(Information may be updated beyond that date, do not keep this printout).
VEMD - CENTRAL DISPLAY SYSTEM
1 GENERAL
1.1 Appearance (Figure 1)
The system is made up of a VEMD (Vehicle and Engine Multifunction R

Display) multifunction screen which ensures the display of vehicle
and engine parameters.
The VEMD is located in the middle of the instrument panel. It has :
- two computing modules, lane 1 (1) and lane 2 (2).

- a "screen" module with two screens (4 and 5) and the control
buttons (3).
Figure 1
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2 DESCRIPTION
2.1 Power supply
The VEMD is fed with 28V DC via 6.3 amp fuses from the PP6 (31 ALPHA) and
PP5 (30 ALPHA) busbars on the control panel.
The VEMD starts to function from the moment that the aircraft electrical
power is switched on.
2.2 Main functions
The VEMD displays engine and vehicle parameters :
- A rectangular cross-hatched flag : bleed valve open.

- "NG and delta NG" : NG and delta NG (gas generator power, difference
between Ng and maximum take-off power, as a percentage).
- "T4" : T4 (temperature at free turbine intake).
- "TRQ" : Tq (engine torque).
- "FLI" : first limitation indicator.
- "OAT" : outside air temperature.
- "Zp" : pressure altitude (Hp) (in PERFORMANCE page) R
- "P2" : P2 air pick-off.
- "FUEL QTY" : fuel contents.
- "ENG OIL PRESS" : engine oil pressure.
- "ENG OIL TEMP" : engine oil temperature.
- "BUS" : BUS bar voltage.
- "GEN" : generator current.
- "START" : starter current.
- "FUEL F" : instataneous fuel flow rate and endurance.
- "SLING" : sling load (optional).
The VEMD permits the checking of the serviceability of the engine and the
calculation of the "IGE" (take-off weight in ground effect) and "OGE"
(take-off weight out of ground effect) performances.
It offers integrated tests which check the operation of the VEMD and
associated avionic systems.
2.3 Operating modes
Three operating modes are available :
- The "FLIGHT" mode is the equipment's principal mode. It contains the

ENGINE, VEHICLE, FLI, FLIGHT REPORT, ENGINE POWER CHECK and
PERFORMANCE pages.
- The "CONFIG" mode comprises the page which permits the configuration
of the equipment.
- The "MAINT" mode comprises the pages required to assist the
maintenance of the VEMD and the avionic system.
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2.4 Controls
Ten push-buttons are arranged vertically on the RH edge of the VEMD. They
are divided up into three functional assemblies :
- "OFF1" and "OFF2" push-buttons.

Pressing the "OFF1" or "OFF2" switches on or off the computing module
and the screen which it controls (the top screen for lane 1 and the
bottom screen for lane 2).
- "SCROLL", "RESET, SELECT, +, -, ENTER" push-buttons.

These push-buttons control the VEMD.
"SCROLL, RESET" : the selection (SCROLL) of the required page, and the
return (RESET) to the nominal page.
"SELECT, +, -, ENTER" : selection (SELECT), modification (+, -) and
validation (ENTER) from a range of data.
- "BRT+, BRT-" push-buttons.

Pressing on these push-buttons changes the brightness of the
two screens progessively and simultaneously.
"BRT-" : reduces the brightness.
"BRT+" : increases the brightness.
NOTE : The "SCROLL" control exists also on the collective pitch control
levers.
2.5 Detecting the status of the engine
The VEMD elaborates three statuses as a function of the Ng and

NR values :
- Engine stop (Ng less than 10% and NR less than 70 rpm).
- Engine start (Ng lies between 10% and 60%).
- Flight (Ng more than 60%).
- Restart when Ng lies between 10% and 60%. R
These states authorize or do not authorize certain VEMD operating modes

and enable the automatic display of certain pages :
. In flight mode, the "FLI" page appears automatically but is only
displayed when the VEMD detects the flight state.
. The "FLIGHT REPORT" page is displayed in flight mode when the VEMD
detects engine stop after the flight state phase 1.
. The "MAINT" and "CONFIG" modes are only accessible when the VEMD
detects the engine stop state.
The VEMD elaborates the end of flight status when the Ng decreases to
less than 50%.
Stop state is set when : Ng < 10 % and Nr < 70 Rpm.
2.6 Initialization tests
The VEMD performs initialization tests to check its overall

serviceability as soon as it receives electrical power.
The "TEST IN PROGRESS" message appears on the two screens during the
conduct of the tests.
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Once the tests are over and should no failure be detected, the VEMD
switches to "FLIGHT" mode.
Otherwise, a message is displayed reporting the failure and the
corrective action to be undertaken.
Example 1 : - "LANE 1 FAILED - PRESS OFF1".

- "LANE 2 FAILED - PRESS OFF2".
Pressing "OFF1" or "OFF2" then stops the faulty lane and allows
switching the VEMD to "FLIGHT" mode on the valid screen.
Example 2 : - "CONFIG DIFFERS - MAINTENANCE".
It is then necessary to go to maintenance "MAINT" mode.
2.7 Test pattern
The test pattern provides a check of the screens. It is activated by

pressing on the "LIGHTS TEST" push-button on the control unit 30 ALPHA.
The page is displayed on the two screens and comprises :
- areas having differing colors.

- a "equipment version" message area. R
2.8 Monitoring displayed parameters
2.8.1 T4, NG, EOT, OAT, FQ, V BUS, IGEN, I START, FF/RT parameters R
(if the flowmeter optional is installed) R
These parameters are processed by both calculation lanes. R

Each module does a validity test of these parameters. If one of the
modules finds that a parameter is not valid, the value processed by
the other module will be used (if it is valid). If both modules find
that the parameter is not valid, the value will be displayed with a
failure symbol.
If the two modules find that the parameter is valid they do a mutual
comparison of the parameter value. If there is a difference,
the parameter is displayed with a failure symbol.
If one of the calculation modules fails (or is switched off),
these parameters can be displayed on the screen controlled by the
calculation module in operation.
2.8.2 DELTA NG and NG limis parameters
The FADEC calculates the NG limits and transmits them to the Lane 1
calculation module which checks their validity (shown in the received
ARINC 429 messages). Thelimits are transmitted to the Lane 2
calculation module if they are valid. Each VEMD calculation lane then
calculates the actual limits (according to the electrical power drain
and the static pressure).
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Each VEMD module calculates DELTA NG from the NG and the NG limits.
If the results obtained by the each module differ, DELTA NG is
displayed with failure symbol. If the NG limits are not valid,
DELTA NG is displayed with a failure symbol. The NG parameter will
then be displayed with fixed limits.
If Lane 1 fails (or is switched off), these parameters are displayed
with a failure symbol on the lower screen.
2.8.3 TRQ, FF/RT parameters (if the flowmeter optional equipment is not R
installed) R
The FADEC transmits these parameters to the Lane 1 calculation module

which checks their validity (shown in the received ARINC 429
messages). If one of these parameters is found to be not valid or if
the VEMD - FADEC ARINC 429 link fails, it is displayed with a failure
symbol on the upper screen.
If Lane 1 fails (or is switched off), these parameters are displayed
with a failure symbol on the lower screen
2.8.4 P2 bleed discrete, condition indicating discrete (open/closed) of R

the bleed valve
These discretes are processed by both calculation lanes. R

The Lane 1 and Lane 2 calculation modules do a mutual comparison R
of the condition of the there discretes.
If there is a difference between the conditions of the bleed valve
discrete, the condition acquired by the lane 1 module is displayed.
If one of the calculation modules fails (or is switched off),
these parameters can be displayed on the screen controlled by the
calculation module in operation.
2.9 Block diagram of the installation (Figure 2)
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Figure 2
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3 "FLIGHT" MODE OPERATION R
3.1 General
The "FLIGHT" mode permits the monitoring and the limitations of the R
aircraft operating features. It is activated once the equipment start-up
checks are finished.
If the two lanes are serviceable, the pages automatically available are
as follows :
in "the stopping or starting engine" condition
- "ENGINE" engine page.

- "VEHICLE" vehicle page.
in the "flight" condition
- information page of the "FLI" first limitation.

- "VEHICLE" vehicle page.
in the "stop" condition
- "ENGINE" engine page.

- "FLIGHT REPORT" end of flight report page.
The pages available manually are as follows :
- "ENGINE POWER CHECK" check of engine power (EPC). R

- "PERFORMANCE" operating characteristics page.
3.2 "FLIGHT" mode automatic sequencing of display logic R
If the "FLI" function is not available, the "ENGINE" page automatically

replaces the "FLI" page.
3.3 "FLIGHT" mode manual sequencing of display logic R
If the "FLI" function is not available, only the "ENGINE" page is

displayed.
3.4 Increments of "FLIGHT" mode parameters R
The parameter values displayed in the "FLIGHT" mode have the following R
increments :
- Fuel contents 1 kg increments

- Digital NG 0.1% increments
- Digital T4 5°C increments
- Digital TQ 0.5% increments
- Engine oil temperature 1°C increments
- Engine oil pressure 0.1 bar or 1 psi increments
- Electrical voltage 0.2 V increments
- Electrical current 5 A increments
- Outside air temperature 0.1°C or 0.2°F increments
- Flowmeter 1 kg/h increments R
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3.5 "ENGINE" page (Figure 3)
The "ENGINE" page provides the display of the primary engine paramenters
and their limitations in the form of three independent indicators :
- "T4" in degrees (4).

- "TRQ" in % (1).
- "delta NG" (6) and "NG" (7) in %.
The page also displays :
- the total fuel contents remaining as a digitized value (10) and on a

gauge (11).
R
- the status of the bleed valve (3).
- "OAT" the value of the outside air temperature (8).
- the "P2" pick-off (2).
- a message area (9)) which displays messages for the
attention of the crew members.
- To correct the "T4" value, following the equipment start-up tests, the
VEMD measures the values of the two correction resistances located in
the T4 junction and matching unit.
- The TRQ value is sent by the FADEC to the VEMD.
- NG limits are computed by the FADEC and sent to the VEMD which adjusts
according to the electrical power supplied by the generator and the PO
VEMD internal sensor.
Figure 3
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3.6 "VEHICLE" Page (Figure 4)
The "VEHICLE" page displays :
- the temperature (1) and pressure (2) of the engine oil, and their
limitations.
- the current (3) provided by the generator or consumed by the starter.
- the BUS bar voltage (7) (yellow underscore). R
- the message area (5).
- the fuel flow rate value (6) and the flight time remaining (4) :
. This information is provided by the engine metering value, if the
flowmeter is declared not installed (N/I) on the "AIRCRAFT
CONFIGURATION" page.
It may also be provided by an optional flowmeter in which case a R
flow unit must be selected on the "AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION" page, R
under "FUEL FLOW". R
Figure 4
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3.7 "FLI" page (Figure 5)
The "FLI" page permits the display of all information related to the
engine limitations of the helicopter plus the three primary engine
parameters in digital form ("NG" (4), "T4" (5) and "TQ" (6)) and
converts into an "FLI" joint indication (3) lying between 0 and 108%.
- 0% corresponds to zero power.

- 96% corresponds to maximum continuous power (PMC). R
- 100% corresponds to take-off power (PMD).
- 104% corresponds to maximum transient power (PMT).
The yellow sector, called the "prudence range", corresponds R
to the engine power settings between PMC and PMD. R
NOTE : Refer to the Flight Manual (PMV) for limits. R
The VEMD monitors the "FLI" by analysing the coherence of the three
parameters (NG, T4, TRQ).
Like the "ENGINE" page, the "FLI" page shows the fuel contents (10),
the value of the outside air temperature "OAT (7), the value of
the "P2" air pick-off (1), the status of the bleed valve (2) and a R
message area (8).
The VEMD elaborates a signal which generates an aural warning when at

least one of the NG, T4, or TQ parameters exceeds its value at PMD for R
longer than 1.5 seconds. R
Figure 5
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3.8 "FLIGHT REPORT" page (Figure 6)
The "FLIGHT REPORT" page permits the presentation of certain information

to the crew members about the flight which has just been carried out
(report of the flight).
The page is displayed at the end of the flight when the VEMD detects the
"engine shut-down" condition. The information displayed is as follows:
- the flight number FN (1).
- the flight time FT (7).
- the number of engine cycles (6) noted during the flight (1).
- the totalisers of engine cycles (2)
- the number of free turbine cycles (5) noted during the flight (1).
- the totalisers of free turbine cycles (3).
- a message showing the detection of over limits (8).
- a message showing the detection of a failure during the flight (9)
- a message showing the exit mode from the page (4).
NOTE : - FN : The flight number increases each time the NG value drops
below 10% with a value of NR less R
than 70 RPM (see graph).
- FT : The VEMD flight time is developped as follow :

when the NG value increases and exceeds 60%.
It stops when the NG value drops below 50%.
This VEMD flight time is a help to the aircrew.
It ignore the take off and landind phase of aircraft.
- The engine and free turbine cycles integrators are to be

considered as partial integrators. They are useful to the pilot
for recording the engine cycles in the aircraft log book.
But they provide no indication of the total number of cycles of
the installed engine. These integrators return to zero after
999 cycles.
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Figure 6 R
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3.9 ENGINE POWER CHECK" page (Figure 7)
The "Engine Power Check" (EPC) function is activated by pressing on the R

"SCROLL" button. The "ENGINE POWER CHECK" page is then displayed.
On this page, the VEMD shows the conditions to be respected for

beginning an EPC (1). Each condition requires an action by the pilot. R
Once this action is performed, the line disappears. When all the
conditions are satisfied, the EPC is conducted automatically. R
The "ENGINE POWER CHECK" page then shows :

- an hourglass (9) which fills as the EPC progresses. R
- the altitude information Zp (7) calculated using static pressure Ps.
The VEMD checks that the parameters required to calculate the EPC are R
stable for a period of 20 seconds, then orders the FADEC to execute the
EPC. The FADEC performs the EPC and sends the results to the VEMD which R
adjusts the T4 (8) and TRQ (6) margins as a function of P0, T0, IAS and
whether a sand protection filter is fitted or not.
When the EPC is completed, the "ENGINE POWER CHECK RESULT" page displays R
on the screen. This page gives the T4 (5) and TRQ (3) margins with a
"BAD" or "GOOD" symbology (4) depending on the circumstances. It also
shows the values of the parameters which were used in the computation
(NG, T4, TRQ, Nf, Zp, OAT) (2).
Pressing the "RESET" button during the EPC procedure causes the procedure R
to stop and display the nominal configuration.
Pressing the "SCROLL" button during the EPC procedure causes the R
procedure to stop and permits the equipment to go to the following page.
The EPC can only be conducted if both computing lanes are serviceable. R
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Figure 7 R
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3.10 "PERFORMANCE" page (Figure 8)
The "performance computing" function permits the calculation of the

maximum all-up weight for take-off in ground effect (IGE) (3) and out
of ground effect (OGE) (4) using the following parameters acquired by
the VEMD :
- altitude pressure "Zp" (Hp (1), (which may be modified by the pilot) R
calculated using the static pressure Ps measured by the VEMD.
- "OAT" outside air temperature (2) which may be modified by the pilot.
The VEMD computes all-up weight "AUW" at take-off (5) as a function of

the following parameters :
Parameters put in by the pilot :

- "EEW" empty equipped weight (10).
-"CREW" weight of crew members (9).
-"PAY LOAD" pay load (8).
The parameters acquired by the VEMD :

- "USABLE FUEL" fuel weight (7).
- "SLING LOAD", (6) if the optional "SLING" has been declared installed R
(I) on the "AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION" page. R
The "SLING LOAD" line does not appear if the optional equipment has R
been declared N/I on the "AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION" page. R
Pressing twice on the "SCROLL" button activates the performance

computing function (See manual sequencing of the display logic). R
The performance computing function can only be activated if both

computing lanes are serviceable.
Figure 8
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At the moment that the "PERFORMANCE" page is displayed, the status of the R
adjustable fields corresponds to the data previously entered. R
The "IGE" or "OGE" values are displayed in yellow when they are lower R
than the all-up weight "AUW". R
- Whenever parameters are not available in the "USABLE FUEL" or "SLING R

LOAD" fields, the field concerned is replaced by "XXX" in yellow; the R
"AUW" field is in yellow too and will not take the unavailable R
parameter into its calculation. R
- Should one of the parameters "OAT" or "Zp"(Hp) be invalid, the "IGE" an R

"OGE" weight calculations are not performed. Only the total weight R
(AUW) is calculated.
The message "PERFORMANCE NOT AVAILABLE" is displayed at the top of the R

"PERFORMANCE" page. R
- If the installation of the optional SLING assembly is not entered in R

the CONFIGURATION page, the SLING data is not displayed in the R
"PERFORMANCE "page. R
The selection logic for the adjustable fields and their modification R
is presented in the figure (9). R
The parameters incrementing logic for the "PERFORMANCE" page is R

as follows: R
- For the weight : R
The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 2 kg or 4 lb R

if the switch is pressed lower than 1 s. R
The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) from 2 kg to 100 Kg R

or 4 lb to 200lb if the switch is pressed from 1 to 5 s. R
The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 100 kg or 200 lb R

per second whenever the switch is pressed for longer than 5 s. R
- For the pressure altitude "Zp" (Hp) : R
The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 100 ft or 30 m R

The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 500 ft or 150 m R

if the switch is pressed for longer than 1 s. R
- For the temperature "OAT" : R
The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 1°C or 2°F R

The value is incremented (+ key) or reduced (- key) by 5°C or 10°F R

if the switch is pressed for longer than 1 s. R
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Figure 9 R
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3.11 FADEC message display function
The "FADEC" message display function can only be activated if the "FLI"
or "ENGINE" pages are displayed. Depressing the "SELECT" button permits
the activation of this function. A special symbology in the message area
reveals that the function is activated. Depressing the button "+" or "-"
scrolls the output FADEC (FADEC failures, P0, T4, P3, Nf, Ng, discrete
outputs data). Depressing the "SELECT" button deactivates this function.
Depress the "+" key successively to scroll the following information :

FAIL1 (FADEC No 1 failure message)
FAIL2 (FADEC No 2 failure message)
FADEC NG (NG value measured by the FADEC)
FADEC T4 (T4 value measured by the FADEC)
FADEC NF (NF value measured by the FADEC)
FADEC P3 (P3 pressure value measured by the FADEC)
FADEC LOGIC (FADEC logic outputs)
FADEC PO (PO static pressure value measured by the FADEC) R
Depress the "-" key to return to the preceeding parameter.
Depress the "SELECT" key to deactivate the FADEC message display

function.
3.12 Operation in single lane mode
The following functions are not available when only one lane
is operating :
"FLI" function ( the FLI page is replaced by the "3 informations" page)
"Performance calculation" function
"Engine power check" function
"NG and NF cycles calculation" function
When only lane 2 is operating (lane 1 failed or switched off),

the "3 informations" page is displayed on the lower screen and the
following parameters are displayed with a failure symbol :
TRQ (name of the parameter and the graduated sector in yellow color) R
DELTA Ng (graduated in yellow color) R
Check whether FF and TR are displayed in amber color if the flowmeter R
is installed and/or in the event that no flowmeter is installed R
displayed in yellow color (without value). R
The value of the following parameters will be displayed :

- NG (value in % measured by the VEMD)
- T4 temperature (measured by the VEMD)
- fuel contents
- and the other parameters normally displayed on the "3 informations"
page (except for TRQ, DELTA NG, FF and TR).
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4 "CONFIG" OPERATION MODE (FIGURE 10)
4.1 General
The "CONFIG" mode integrates the taking into account of the optional
facilities, the possibility of changing the unit system (3) (SI or
IMPERIAL) and the possibility of changing the altitude unit (4).
This mode can only be activated when the VEMD detects that the engine
is stopped, and when the two lanes are serviceable.
This mode is accessed in the following way :
- Pressing ""OFF1" and "OFF2" to switch off the two VEMD lanes.
- Pressing "SELECT" and "ENTER" simultaneously (sustained press)
- Pressing ""OFF1" and "OFF2" to switch on the two computing lanes.
4.2 Methods of changing the contents of the configuration page
The selection of a modifiable field or a possible choice on the

configuration page is performed using the "SELECT" button.
The modifiable field or the possible choice then appears in reverse
video (1).
The contents of the selected field are changed using the buttons "+"
and "-".
The contents of the configuration page are validated by selecting the

"VALID" field (using the "SELECT" button) and by depressing the "ENTER"
button. The effect of which is to memorise the newly acquired
configuration values.
The contents of the configuration page are non-validated by selecting

the "ABORT" field (6) (using the "SELECT" button) and by depressing the
"ENTER" button.
The return to "FLIGHT" mode is achieved by switching off the two

computing lanes (Pressing "OFF1" and "OFF2").
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4.3 "AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION" page (Figure 10)
This page groups the list of optional facilities which have an effect
on the VEMD applications. It also permits the choice of the units
displayed.
The options for which there is provision are :
- the fuel flowmeter (8)

- the sling (7).
- a 160A or 200A starter generator (5)
When these options are declared as not being installed, the term "N/I"
(2) appears to the right of their designation.
When these options are declared as being installed, the term "I" (2)
appears to the right of their designation, except for the flowmeter for
which the VEMD permits the choice of units according to the unity
system chosen on the "UNITY SYSTEM" line ("SI" or "IMPERIAL"):
- kg/h according to SI "unit system"
- lb/h according to IMP "unit system"
- l/h according to IMP "unit system"
- US gal/h according to IMP "unit system
- Imp gal/h according to IMP "unit system"
If the options are declared to be installed when they are not fitted on
the helicopter, the VEMD detects a fault on the installation.
NOTE : Those release units which are not compatible with the VEMD must be
declared as "not installed" (N/I).
Figure 10
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5 "MAINT" OPERATION MODE (Figure 12)
5.1 General
This mode permits access to the various pages required to assist the
maintenance of the VEMD and the associated avionic system.
This mode can only be activated when the VEMD detects that the engine
is stopped.
To access this two lane operating mode (illustrations 1 to 5) :

- Press ""OFF1" and "OFF2" to switch off the two VEMD lanes.
- Press "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys simultaneously (sustained press).
- Press "OFF1" and "OFF2" to start the VEMD operating.
- Release the "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys after the display of the
"TEST IN PROGRESS" and "RELEASE KEY" messages.
The "MAINTENANCE MENU" page (ilustrations 1 and 2) then appears on the

top screen. It displays the following choice of functions :
- "FLIGHT REPORT" (1) : to display the last 31 end of flight reports.
- "FAILURE" (2) : to access the four pages of maintenance for the VEMD
and the associated avionics system.
- "OVER LIMIT" (3) : to display the last 31 pages of over limits.
- "ENGINE POWER CHECK" (4) : to display the last 9 pages of the engine
power checks..
- "TRANS. RESET" (5) : to transfer configuration data from one
computation lane to the other.
- "FONCT. TIMES" (6) : to display the page showing the recorded operating
times.
- "FADEC DATA" (7) : to display the parameters of the FADEC (1 page).
After switching to "MAINT" mode with the two calculation lanes in

operation, the VEMD may display the "HARMONIZATION IN PROGRESS"
followed by "HARMONIZATION ENDED" if the harmonization of the contents
of the calculation modules is required. If not, only the
" HARMONIZATION ENDED" message appears on the screen.
In single-lane operation (lane 1 only), access the "MAINT" mode as

follow :
- Press "OFF1" and "OFF2" to switch off the two VEMD lanes.
- Press the "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys simultaneously (sustained press).
- Press "OFF1" to start lane 1 operating.
- Release the "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys after the display of the
"TEST IN PROGRESS" and "RELEASE KEY" messages.
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The "MAINTENANCE MENU" page appears on the top screen.

In this case, the "ENGINE POWER CHECK" and "TRANS RESET" functions are
displayed but are not available.
In single-lane operation (lane 2 only), the MAINT mode can be accessed
as follows /
- Press "OFF1" and/or "OFF2" to switch off both VEMD lanes.
- Simultaneously press and hold in the "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys.
- Press "OFF2" to operate lane 2.
- Release the "SCROLL" and "RESET" keys after display of the
"TEST INPROGRESS" and "RELEASE KEY" messages.
The "MAINTENANCE MENU" page appears on the bottom screen.

In this case, the "ENGINE POWER CHECK" function is accessible.
The "TRANS RESET" function is displayed but is not available.
5.2 Selection logic for the different functions
The required function is selected with the "SELECT" key.

The selection of the chosen function (display in inverse video) is
validated with the "ENTER" key.
Pressing the "RESET" key allows leaving the activated function and
returning to the "MAINTENANCE MENU" page.
The return to another mode ("FLIGHT" or "CONFIG") involves stopping

both calculation lanes (press "OFF1" and "OFF2").
5.3 "FLIGHT REPORT" function (Figure 12 -sheet 1)
This function displays the last 31 flight reports.
The symbology on the RH side of the screen indicates which page

is being displayed.
The "-" key accesses the oldest flight reports and the "+" key
the most recent ones.
Whenever the "FLIGHT REPORT" function is selected in the

"MAINTENANCE MENU", the most recent flight report is displayed on the
screen. The data contained in the "FLIGHT REPORT" pages of the "MAINT"
mode is the same as that in the "FLIGHT" mode.
5.4 "FAILURE" function (Figure 12 - sheets 4 and 5)
This function displays the failures detected and recorded in the

"FLIGHT" mode by the VEMD and the related diagnostics.
The VEMD can record up to 256 detected failures. They are recorded in
a memory which erases the oldest failures to store the more recent
ones (when the number of recorded failures is more than 256).
Failures and diagnoses are provided for each flight selected.
The "-" key gives access to the oldest flight detected failures,
the "+ key the most recent ones.
Selecting the "FAILURE" function activates the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" page.

N
350 31.60.00.000
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5.4.1 "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" page (Figure 12 - sheet 4)
This page displays :

- The number of the current flight (6). R
- The total number of flights with failure detection (10).
- The number (9) of each of these flights with the number of failures
detected (7). R
- The field (8) indicates the number in the list of flights with R
failures.
Select the flight to be examined with the "+" and "-" keys, then
pressing the "ENTER" key, which validates the selection and displays
the "COMPLETE DIAGNOSIS" page.
5.4.2 "COMPLETE DIAGNOSIS" page (Figure 12 - sheet 4)
This page displays :
- The flight number (11) selected in the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" page.

- The elapsed time (12) between the start of the flight condition and
the detection of the selected failure (14) (dating of the failure).
- The total number of failures (15) detected during the selected
flight.(11).
- The identification of the test that detected the failure.
This identification includes the test number (18) and an operational
effect label (13) followed by "R" or "L" to the right of the area
which identifies the calculation lane that performed the test.
- A list of the Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) likely to fail (16).
- The parameter involved (17) and the letter "I" (Intermittent) or
"P" (Permanent), followed by a digit indicating the number of times
the same failure was detected during flight (maximum indicated 4).
If the failure is present at the end of the flight, the letter "P"
is displayed. If the failure is not present at the end of the
flight, the letter "I" is displayed.
The LRU likely to be involved are presented according to a

decreasing order of probability using a color code :
- Red for the component most likely to be involved.

- Yellow to distinguish several elements likely to be involved
although the faulty element cannot be identified accurately.
- White for the components most unlikely to be involved.
The following color combinations may be found :
- A single red element.

- A red element and one or several white elements.
- Several yellow elements.
- One or several yellow elements and one or several white elements.
350 31.60.00.000
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The names of the LRU likely to be displayed are defined as follow :
LABEL DESCRIPTION
- NG SENSOR
- T4 SENSOR V T4 sensor for VEMD
- T4 MATCHING V T4 matching box for VEMD
- OAT SENSOR OAT sensor
- EOT/EOP SNSR Engine oil temperature/pressure sensor
- FUEL FLOW SNSR Fuel flow sensor
- FUEL FLOW RES Fuel flow resistance for fuel
temperature measurement
- FUEL GAGE Fuel gage
- NR SENSOR NR sensor
- NF SENSOR NF sensor
- NR/NF IND Not used
- P2-ASF-P Antisand filter powered discrete
- P2-ASF-M Antisand filter mounted discrete
- SLING SENSOR Sling charge sensor
- LEFT MODULE Left module (lane 1)
- RIGHT MODULE Right module (lane 2)
- ASU Ancillary system unit
- ENGINE Engine
- MGB Main gear box
- GENERATOR Generator
- HSPD SENSOR Not used
- AIR BLDV Air bleed valve
- TRQ SENSOR Torque sensor
- TRQ MATCHING Torque matching box
- NGA SENSOR NGA sensor for FADEC installation
- NGB SENSOR NGB sensor for FADEC installation
- NFA SENSOR NFA sensor for FADEC installation
- NFB SENSOR NFB sensor for FADEC installation
- T4 SENSOR F T4 sensor for FADEC installation
- T4 MATCHING F T4 matching for FADEC installation
- P0 SENSOR P0 for FADEC installation
- P3 SENSOR P3 for FADEC installation
- SW ENGINE CTL Switch engine control
- NF TRIM NF TRIM for FADEC installation
- COL PITCH POT Collective pitch potentiometer
- AU F MTR VAL Automatic fuel metering valve
- COLL LVR THR V Collective lever throttle valve
- PWR SPLY Power supply
- ON OFF EV ON/OFF electrovalve
- ALTERNATOR
- FADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control
NOTE : When the VEMD gives a list of the components likely to be

involved, it is necessary to check the wiring of those
concerned for defects.
350 31.60.00.000
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The field (17) indicates the parameter in question. Pressing the

"ENTER" key accesses the "PARAMETER 1", "PARAMETER 2" or "PARAMETER 3"
page according to the failure detected and the parameter involved.
Selection of the "PARAMETER" page number is not provided because this
selection proceeds automatically once the "ENTER" key has been
pressed.
NOTE : - "PARAMETER" pages (Figure 12 - sheet 5)cannot be displayed

if the diagnosis is displayed on the screen controlled by
lane 1 with the failure detected by lane 2 (and vice versa).
- To visualize the parameters recorded by lane 2, it is
necessary to access the "MAINT" mode in single lane
operation with lane 2 only.
- To visualize the parameters recorded by lane 1, it is
necessary to access the "MAINT" mode with the two
calculation lanes in operation, or in single lane
operation with lane 1 only.
The "PARAMETER 1" page displays the value of the following

parameters :
- NG (Engine power rating).

- TRQ (Torque).
- T4 (Engine temperature).
- T4 (A) (Value of matching resistors measured upon the VEMD
- T4 (B) initialisation phase).
- P0 Static pressure measured by VEMD.

- OAT (Outside air temperature).
- IGEN (Current delivered by the generator).
- U/BUS.
- NF (Free turbine RPM).
- NR (Rotor RPM).
- Status of P2 air bleeding discrete signals.
The VEMD delivers the value of those parameters measured and recorded
accurately before failure detection (column (23)) and upon failure
detection (FAIL column (22)) as well as their units (21).
The "PARAMETER 2" page displays the value of the following parameters
measured and recorded upon failure detection (FAIL column (19)) as
well as their units (20) :
- "EOP" (engine oil pressure).

- "EOT" (engine oil temperature).
- "FQ" (fuel quantity in the tank).
- "FT" (fuel temperature).
- "FF" (fuel flow rate).
- "SLING" (sling load). OPTIONAL
- "OAT"(outside air temperature).
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 25.00. .
The "PARAMETER 3" page displays the value of the following

parameters :
- NG (Engine power rating measured by the VEMD)

- NGF (Engine power rating FADEC measured by the FADEC).
- TRQF (torque FADEC measured by the FADEC).
- T4 (Engine temperature measured by the VEMD.
- T4F (Engine temperature measured by the FADEC).
- NF (Not used).
- NF F (Free turbine RPM measured by the FADEC).
- FAIL 1 (Failure word delivered by the FADEC).
- FAIL 2 (Failure word delivered by the FADEC).
- OUT 1 (Status of discrete issues 1).
- OUT 2 (Status of discrete issues 2).
- IN (Status of FADED discrete inputs).
Refer to the FADEC documentation to find the composition of the

various FADEC messages.
The VEMD delivers the value of those parameters measured and recorded
accurately before failure detection (column (24)) and upon failure
detection (FAIL column (25)) as well as their units (26).
Certain failures can be detected by the VEMD for which the VEMD
cannot give a diagnosis. This is the case for failures
associated with inconsistencies in the parameters used for the First
Limit Indicator (FLI) calculations.
When this occurs, the VEMD displays the message : "CONSULT MAINTENANCE
MANUAL" 17. These failures are described together with
the appropriate maintenance actions in the Fault Isolation Manual
(MFI) 31.60.00.
Example of utilization of the "FAILURE" function (Figure 12 - Sheet 6) R
Let us take the case of a VEMD whose access to the "MAINT" mode "FAILURE" R
function makes the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" page appear (Example A) : R
- "69" is the number of the current flight. R
- "67" is the number of the most recent flight with recorded failures. R
- The total number of flights with recorded failures is "3". R
- "25" is the number of the oldest flight with recorded failures. R
- During flight No "25", "5" failures have been detected by the R
self-tests of the VEMD. R
After a press on the "+" key (access to the numbers of the most recent R
flights), the VEMD displays the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" page (Example B) R
and shows that : R
- The 2nd flight with detected failures which has been recorded bears R
No "34", R
- During flight No "34", "4" failures have been detected and recorded. R
After a press on the "+" key, the VEMD displays the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" R
page (Example C) and shows that : R
- The most recent flight with detected failures bears No "67". R
- During flight No "67", "6" failures have been detected and recorded. R
Table D sums up the data which are available on the "FAILURE DIAGNOSIS" R
page. R
350 31.60.00.000
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Figure 11
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 27.00. .
5.5 "OVER LIMIT" function

(Figure 11 - DETAILS A to E and Figure 12 - sheet 2)
This function accesses the last 31 "OVER LIMIT" pages (exceeding limits)
that were recorded. The symbology on the RH side helps find one's way
in those 31 pages.
Whenever the "OVER LIMIT" function is activated the page displays the
last "OVER LIMIT" recorded. The "-" key ((2) Figure 11 - DETAIL A) give
access to the oldest "OVER LIMIT" pages and the "+" key
((2 Figure 11 - DETAIL A)to the most recent ones.
The "OVER LIMIT" page displays for a given flight (Figure 11 DETAIL A):
- the flight number during which the limitations were exceeded (1).
- the time spent above the TRQ limits (7).
- the time spent above the T4 limits (6).
- the time spent above the NG limits (5).
- the time spent above the Nf limits (4).
- as far as five maximum values above the NR limits (3).
5.5.1 Exceeding TRQ limitations (Figure 11 - DETAIL B)
> TRQ TRA (1)
The value XXX mn XX s > TRQ TRA is the period of time when the TRQ
value TRQ torque value lies between 105 % et 110 %.
> TRQ MED (2)
The value XXX mn XX s > TRQ MED is the period of time when the TRQ
value TRQ torque value lies between 110 % et 118 %.
> TRQ EXT (4)
The value XXX mn XX s > TRQ EXT is the period of time when the TRQ
value TRQ torque value has exceeded 118 %.
MAX column (3)
The MAX value is the maximum TRQ value which is reached at the time
that the VEMD records a torque value which exceeds a limitation.
Each exceeding of a torque value is immediately recorded, there is no

recording time delay.
350 31.60.00.000
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5.5.2 Exceeding T4 limitations (Figure 11 - DETAIL C)
> T4 LOW (1)
The value XXX mn XXs > T4 LOW is the period of the time when the T4
lies between 750°C (842°F) and 865°C (1589°F) at engine start-up.
The time is counted after 10 seconds have passed.
EXAMPLE : If the time passed in that temperature range is 12 seconds,

2 seconds are shown on the T4 LOW line.
> T4 MED (2)
The value XXX mn XXs > T4 MED is the cumulated time when the T4 value
lies within the following temperature range :
- During the engine start-up phase when the T4 is higher than 865°C
(1589°F).
- During the flight phase when T4 lies within the range 915°C (1679°F)
and 941°C (1726°F). The time is counted after 10 seconds of
exceeding the limitation have passed.
> T4 HI (5)
The value XXX mn XXs > T4 HI is the period of time when the T4 value
is higher than 941°C (1726°F).
MAX column : T4 MAX (3)
This value is the maximum temperature reached during the engine

start-up phase.
MAX column : T4 MAX (4)
This value is the maximum temperature reached during the flight phase.
5.5.3 Exceeding the NG limitation (Figure 11 - DETAIL D)
> NG MNT (1) (Not used)
> NG TRA (3)
The value XXX mn XXs > NG TRA is the period of time that the NG value
is above 102.3%.
Every over limit is immediately taken into account by the
VEMD (there is no time delay).
MAX column (2)
The MAX value is the maximum NG value which is reached at the time
that the VEMD records an NG value over limit.
350 31.60.00.000
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5.5.4 Exceeding the NF limitations (Figure 11 -DETAIL E)
The exceeding of the NF limitations is only monitored in the

"FLIGHT" mode (100% NTL for 406 RPM)
> NF TRA (1)
The value XXX mn XXs > NF TRA is the period of time that the NF value
lies between 120% et 150%.
> NF EXT (3)
The value XXX mn XXs > NF EXT is the period of time when the NF value
is above 150%.
Every over limit > NF EXT is immediately taken into account by the
VEMD (there is no time delay).
MAX column (2) :
The MAX value is the maximum NF value which is reached at the time
that the VEMD records an NF value over limit.
5.5.5 Exceeding the NR limitations (Figure 11 -DETAIL A)
The VEMD records as far as the 5 highest NR values (3) which are
measured above 430 RPM.
A value is recorded at the time of a limit cycle as defined below :
- The NR value increases above 430 RPM.
- The NR value reaches its highest value.
- The NR value drops below 426 RPM.
5.6 "ENGINE POWER CHECK" function (Figure 12 - sheet 3)
This function displays the last eight Engine Power Checks (EPC)
and the parameters used for calculation.
This function is accessible in single lane operation only, with lane 2

operative and lane 1 inoperative.
The "ENGINE POWER CHECK" pages shall be displayed on the bottom

screen controlled by lane 2 only.
Whenever the "ENGINE POWER CHECK" function is selected in twin lane

operation (lane 1 and lane 2 operative), or in single lane operation
(lane 1 only) the VEMD shall display the "MODE NOT AVAILABLE" and
"CHECK LANE 2" messages.
Whenever the "ENGINE POWER CHECK" function is selected with only lane 2
energized :
- The symbology on the RH side of the screen indicates which

page is being displayed. The "-" key helps access the oldest
"ENGINE POWER CHECK" and the "+"key the most recent ones.
- The contents of the "ENGINE POWER CHECK" page in the "MAINT" mode
are equivalent to those of the "ENGINE POWER CHECK RESULT" in the
"FLIGHT" mode.
350 31.60.00.000
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5.7 "TRANS.RESET" function (Figure 12 - sheet 2)
This function transfers information from one calculation

module to the other (aircraft configuration data, calibration of the
torque and different VEMD internal parameters).
NOTE : This task should imperatively be performed after a calculation

module replacement.
This function is accessible only if both calculation lanes are

operative. Otherwise, a "MODE NOT AVAILABLE " and "SWITCH ON BOTH
LANES" messages come up on the "MAINTENANCE MENU" page when the
"TRANS.RESET" function is selected.
The possible transfers are :
- From the calculation module lane 1 (on the LH side when looking
at the VEMD from behind) to the calculation module lane 2 (on the
RH side when looking at the VEMD from behind).
- From the calculation module lane 2 to the calculation module lane 1.
Whenever the "TRANS.RESET" function is selected, the transfer

proposed by the VEMD is from module lane 1 to module lane 2 (this
transfer is displayed in inverse video mode).
The transfer is selected with the "SELECT" key. The selection is

validated with the "ENTER" key and a"YES/NO" field is displayed to
confirm this selection.
"YES" or "NO" is selected with the "SELECT" key and this selection is
validated with the "ENTER" key.
5.8 "FUNCTIONAL TIMES" function (Figure 12 - sheet 1)
This function displays the accumulated operating time of the FADEC and
the calculation modules of the VEMD.
5.9 "FADEC DATA" function (Figure 12 - sheet 1)
This function displays the usual data provided by the FADEC computer
(through the ARINC 429 cable).
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 31.00. .
"MAINT" MODE OPERATION - CENTRAL DISPLAY SYSTEM

Pages FADEC DATA - FONCTIONAL TIMES - FLIGHT REPORT
Figure 12 (sheet 1)
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 32.00. .

TRANS RESET - MAINTENANCE MENU - OVER LIMIT pages
Figure 12 (sheet 2)
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 33.00. .

ENGINE POWER CHECK pages
Figure 12 (sheet 3)
350 31.60.00.000
99-14 Page 34.00. .

FAILURE 1/3 page R
Figure 12 (sheet 4)
350 31.60.00.000
00-14 Page 35.00. .

FAILURE 2/3 page R
Figure 12 (sheet 5)
350 31.60.00.000
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"MAINT" MODE OPERATION - CENTRAL DISPLAY SYSTEM R

FAILURE 3/3 page R
Figure 12 (sheet 6) R
350 31.60.00.000
00-14 Page 37.00. .
6 DEGRADED MODES AND FAILURE MESSAGES OPERATION
6.1 General
The operating mode of the VEMD is considered to be degraded when the

following events are detected :
- failure in a module (computation or screen).

- failure in one or several parameters.
The degraded mode has consequences for the operation and the display of
VEMD pages.
6.2 Failure messages on the "ENGINE" page of the "FLIGHT" mode
- "VEH PARAM OVER LIMIT" : this message is displayed when the "VEHICLE"
page is not presented on either screen and that a parameter usually
displayed on this page attains a yellow or red limitation (refer to
the Flight Manual for the description of these limitations).
The engine oil temperature and pressure parameters, the battery and
generator voltage and current are also included in this monitoring.
- "FLI FAILED" this message is displayed when :

. FADEC NG value is not valid,
. FADEC T4 value is not valid,
. FADEC NF value is not valid,
. P0, T0, NG parameters measured by the VEMD is not valid.
- "FLI VALID -> PRESS RESET" : the "FLI" function becomes valid again
after failure. This message indicates that the "FLI" page can be
displayed again. The "FLI" page is displayed having depressed "RESET",
and the message disappears.
- "FLI FAILED -> CHECK PARAM" : this message is displayed when :

. the difference between the NG value measured by the VEMD and the
FADEC NG value is more than 1,5 %,
. the difference between the T4 values measured by the FADEC AND the
VEMD is more than 20°C (68°F),
. the difference between the FADEC TQ value and the mathematic
engine model torque result must be between - 10% and + 15 % R
without sand filter, and - 10 % and + 12 % with sand filter fitted. R
- "CROSSTALK FAILED -> PRESS OFF 2 : this message is displayed whenever

a lane detects an inhibition on the inter-lane CROSSTALK line thereby
making it impossible to check the differences between parameters.
This message is always displayed on the top screen.
- "BRT CNTRL FAILED" : this message is displayed if one of the "BRT+"

or "BRT-" buttons is considered to have failed. It is displayed for
30 seconds after detection of the failure, then disappears. However,
the message will again be displayed if one of the "BRT" buttons is
depressed.
350 31.60.00.000
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6.3 Failure messages for the "FLI" page in "FLIGHT" mode
A detected anomaly may provoke the display of the following messages

(given in a decreasing order of priority) :
- "VEH PARAM OVER LIMIT".
- "CROSSTALK FAILED -> PRESS OFF 2
- "BRT CNTRL FAILED".
The meaning of these messages and the actions to carry out are exactly
the same as for the "ENGINE" page.
6.4 Failure messages for the "VEHICLE" page in "FLIGHT" mode
A detected anomaly may provoke the display of the following messages

(given in a decreasing order of priority) :
- "ENG PARAM OVER LIMIT" : this message is displayed when a parameter

usually displayed on this page attains a yellow or red limitation, the
"ENGINE" page is not displayed on either screen. The delta NG, NG, T4,
and torque parameters are also included in this monitoring.
- "CROSSTALK FAILED -> PRESS OFF 2
- "BRT CONTRL FAILED".
The messages which are identical to those of the "ENGINE" page have an
equivalent meaning and require the same actions (refer to the Flight
Manual for the description of these limitations).
6.5 Loss of parameters
- "FLIGHT" mode, "ENGINE" page.
When an anomaly is discovered, the loss of a parameter results in a

change of symbology (disappearance of the parameter value and its
units, changing the color of the scale, deleting the graduations).
350 31.60.00.000
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- "FLIGHT" mode, "FLI" page.
The loss of the First Limitation Indication or of one of the NG, T4,
TRQ parameters results automatically in the display of the "ENGINE"
page. The indication of the parameter loss is therefore visible on the
"ENGINE" page (with an "FLI FAILED" message ).
For the other parameters, their loss is seen by a change in the color
of the symbology, the disappearance of their value, their units and
as the graduations.
- "FLIGHT" mode, "VEHICLE" page.
The loss of a parameter results in a change of symbology (disappearance

of the parameter value and its units, changing the color of the scale
and the parameter name, deleting the graduations).
7 INTERCONNECTIONS
See Wiring Diagram Manual (MCS).
350 31.60.00.000
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As350b3 Vemd

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IMPORTANT NOTE : Description and Operation Manual

Printed from EUROCOPTER CD ROM "OPEN 350" : 024 (2006-09-22) Revision.

VEMD - CENTRAL DISPLAY SYSTEM

1.1 Appearance (Figure 1)

The system is made up of a VEMD (Vehicle and Engine Multifunction R

The VEMD is located in the middle of the instrument panel. It has :

- two computing modules, lane 1 (1) and lane 2 (2).

2.1 Power supply

2.2 Main functions

The VEMD displays engine and vehicle parameters :

- A rectangular cross-hatched flag : bleed valve open.

2.3 Operating modes

Three operating modes are available :

- The "FLIGHT" mode is the equipment's principal mode. It contains the

- "OFF1" and "OFF2" push-buttons.

- "SCROLL", "RESET, SELECT, +, -, ENTER" push-buttons.

- "BRT+, BRT-" push-buttons.

2.5 Detecting the status of the engine

The VEMD elaborates three statuses as a function of the Ng and

These states authorize or do not authorize certain VEMD operating modes

Stop state is set when : Ng < 10 % and Nr < 70 Rpm.

2.6 Initialization tests

The VEMD performs initialization tests to check its overall

Example 1 : - "LANE 1 FAILED - PRESS OFF1".

Example 2 : - "CONFIG DIFFERS - MAINTENANCE".

It is then necessary to go to maintenance "MAINT" mode.

2.7 Test pattern

The test pattern provides a check of the screens. It is activated by

The page is displayed on the two screens and comprises :

- areas having differing colors.

2.8 Monitoring displayed parameters

These parameters are processed by both calculation lanes. R

2.8.2 DELTA NG and NG limis parameters

The FADEC transmits these parameters to the Lane 1 calculation module

2.8.4 P2 bleed discrete, condition indicating discrete (open/closed) of R

These discretes are processed by both calculation lanes. R

2.9 Block diagram of the installation (Figure 2)

3 "FLIGHT" MODE OPERATION R

in "the stopping or starting engine" condition

- "ENGINE" engine page.

in the "flight" condition

- information page of the "FLI" first limitation.

in the "stop" condition

- "ENGINE" engine page.

The pages available manually are as follows :

- "ENGINE POWER CHECK" check of engine power (EPC). R

3.2 "FLIGHT" mode automatic sequencing of display logic R

If the "FLI" function is not available, the "ENGINE" page automatically

3.3 "FLIGHT" mode manual sequencing of display logic R

If the "FLI" function is not available, only the "ENGINE" page is

3.4 Increments of "FLIGHT" mode parameters R

- Fuel contents 1 kg increments

3.5 "ENGINE" page (Figure 3)

- "T4" in degrees (4).

The page also displays :

- the total fuel contents remaining as a digitized value (10) and on a

3.6 "VEHICLE" Page (Figure 4)

The "VEHICLE" page displays :

3.7 "FLI" page (Figure 5)

- 0% corresponds to zero power.

NOTE : Refer to the Flight Manual (PMV) for limits. R

The VEMD elaborates a signal which generates an aural warning when at

3.8 "FLIGHT REPORT" page (Figure 6)