Assignment

Course No: MICT 2201

Course Name: Advance Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Analysis

Topic: Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) during Covid-19 Pandemic

Title: Preventing Covid-19 (Coronavirus) by Face-Mask detection System: A vital Artificial

Intelligence (AI) Application

Date of submission: 4/1/2020

Submitted to - Submitted By -

Mohammad arifuzzaman Shuvro Das

Associate Professor ID: 1904021

Department of ICT,FST,BUP(Adjunct) Department of ICT,FST,BUP

Tittle: Preventing Covid-19 (Coronavirus) by Face-Mask detection System: A vital

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Application.
Introduction :
Healthcare delivery requires the support of new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of
Things (IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to fight and look ahead against the new diseases. We aim
to review the role of AI as a decisive technology to analyze, prepare us for prevention and fight with
COVID-19 (Coronavirus) and other pandemics.

Background:

Since the covid-19 pandemic starts, “Wearing facemask is a must” - suggested by World Health
Organization (WHO), other medical organizations & doctors. Wearing a face mask will help prevent the
spread of infection and prevent the individual from
contracting any airborne infectious germs. When someone
coughs, talks, sneezes they could release germs into the air
that may infect others nearby. Face masks are part of an
infection control strategy to eliminate cross-contamination.

From the figure we can easily understand the importance

of face-Mask. Face-mask detection to offices, public
transport area (Bus stations, Train stations, Airports etc.)
can be of the important application during covid-19 situation.

Literature Review:

Generally, most of the publication focus is on face construction and identity recognition when wearing
face masks.. Researchers and scientists have proved that wearing face masks help in minimizing the
spreading rate of COVID-19. In [1], the authors developed a new facemask-wearing condition
identification method. They were able to classify three categories of facemask-wearing conditions. The
categories are correct facemask-wearing, incorrect facemask-wearing, and no facemask-wearing. The
proposed mothed has achieved 98.70% accuracy in the face detection phase. Sabbir et al [2], have applied
the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on masked and unmasked face recognition to recognize the
person. They found that the accuracy of face resonation using the PCA is extremity affected by wearing
masks. The recognition accuracy drops to less than 70% when the recognized face is masked. Also, PCA
was used in [3]. The authors proposed a method that is used for removing glasses from a human frontal
facial image. The removed part was reconstructed using recursive error compensation using PCA
reconstruction. In [4], the authors used the YOLOv3 algorithm for face detection. YOLOv3 uses
Darknet-53 as the backbone. The proposed method achieved 93.9% accuracy. It was trained on CelebA
and WIDER FACE dataset including more than 600,000 images. The testing was the FDDB dataset.
Nizam et al [5] proposed a novel GAN-based network that can automatically remove masks covering the
face area and regenerate the image by building the missing hole. The output of the proposed model is a
complete face image that looks natural and realistic. In [6], the authors presented a system for detecting
the presence or absence of a compulsory medical mask in the operating room. The overall objective is to
minimize the false positive face detections as possible without missing mask detections in order to trigger
alarms only for medical staff who do not wear a surgical mask. The proposed system archived 95%
accuracy. Muhammad et al [7] presented an interactive method called MRGAN. The method depends on
getting the microphone area from the user and using the Generative Adversarial Network to rebuild this
area. Shaik et al [8] used deep learning real-time face emotion classification and recognition. They used
VGG-16 to classify seven facial expressions. The proposed model was trained on the KDEF dataset and
achieved 88% accuracy.

Overview of the Face Mask Detection System

Generalized block diagram of facemask detection:

A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system that uses biometric data of individuals.

Depending on the context of the application, a biometric system may operate in the learning mode,
verification mode or identification mode. The choice of using facial recognition as a biometric modality is
motivated by the fact that it is contactless, natural, well accepted and requires only a very inexpensive
sensor (Webcam) that is virtually available on all electronic devices. Furthermore, it requires a small
cooperation from the users during the acquisition phase of the facial features.

Automatic face recognition involves two main steps: extraction of facial features and classification.

How does it works?

Features of Face Mask Detection System

-Automatically Send Alert

Send alert to the faces which are recognized, also set the rate of sending the alerts and detection of faces.

-Multi-Channel Recognition
Attach multiple cameras in a few minutes and enable all the cameras to access the AI capability of
recognizing faces. 

-No new hardware to install 

The system can work on any existing RTSP camera without the installation of any new cameras. Most of
the hospitals and airports have IP cameras installed and RTSP-enabled.

Use Cases:
Airports
The Face Mask Detection System can be used at airports to detect travelers without masks. Face data of
travelers can be captured in the system at the entrance. If a traveler is found to be without a face mask,
their picture is sent to the airport authorities so that they could take quick action. If the person’s face is
already stored, like the face of an Airport worker, it can send the alert to the worker’s phone directly.
Hospitals
Using Face Mask Detection System, Hospitals can monitor if their staff is wearing masks during their
shift or not. If any health worker is found without a mask, they will receive a notification with a reminder
to wear a mask. Also, if quarantine people who are required to wear a mask, the system can keep an eye
and detect if the mask is present or not and send notification automatically or report to the authorities

Offices
The Face Mask Detection System can be used at office premises to detect if employees are maintaining
safety standards at work. It monitors employees without masks and sends them a reminder to wear a
mask. The reports can be downloaded or sent an email at the end of the day to capture people who are not
complying with the regulations or the requirements.

Attributes Matter the Most

 Location of Faces, annotated by a shape i.e., square

 Face Orientation, includes front, left, left-front, right, right-front.
 Location of Eyes, need to mark eye centers.
 Location of Masks, annotated by a shape i.e., rectangles.
 Type of Masks, i.e., human-made masks with or without logo, face covered by hand, etc. 
 Occlusion Degree, defining a face into four regions – eyes, nose, chin, and mouth

Limitations:

In real life scenario, this system needs more accuracy to play a vital role though some of the research
work and organizations demands a high accuracy in this system. In some cases, it can’t detect the face in
every angle. Some cases, it can’t differentiate different person as the wearing surgical masks few people
looks alike and therefore there is a high possibility to identity exchange thus results misuse of the system
to hack.
Conclusion:

Artificial Intelligence is an upcoming and useful tool to identify early infections due to coronavirus and
also helps in monitoring the condition of the infected patients. It can significantly improve treatment
consistency and decision making by developing useful algorithms. AI is not only helpful in the treatment
of COVID-19 infected patients but also for their proper health monitoring. It can track the crisis of
COVID-19 at different scales such as medical, molecular and epidemiological applications. It is also
helpful to facilitate the research on this virus using analyzing the available data. AI can help in
developing proper treatment regimens, prevention strategies, drug and vaccine development.

References:

[1] B. QIN and D. Li, Identifying facemask-wearing condition using image super-resolution with
classification network to prevent COVID-19, May 2020, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-28668/v1.

[2] M.S. Ejaz, M.R. Islam, M. Sifatullah, A. Sarker “Implementation of principal component analysis

on masked and non-masked face recognition” 2019 1st International Conference on Advances in
Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology (ICASERT) (2019), pp. 1-
5, 10.1109/ICASERT.2019.8934543

[3] Jeong-Seon Park, You Hwa Oh, Sang Chul Ahn, and Seong-Whan Lee, Glasses removal from facial
image using recursive error compensation, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27 (5) (2005) 805–
811, doi: 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.103.

[4] C. Li, R. Wang, J. Li, L. Fei, Face detection based on YOLOv3, in:: Recent Trends in Intelligent
Computing, Communication and Devices, Singapore, 2020, pp. 277–284, doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-9406-
5_34.

[5] N. Ud Din, K. Javed, S. Bae, J. YiA novel GAN-based network for unmasking of masked face

IEEE Access, 8 (2020), pp. 44276-44287, 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977386

[6] Nieto-Rodríguez, M. Mucientes, V.M. Brea System for medical mask detection in the operating

room through facial attributes

Pattern Recogn. Image Anal. Cham (2015), pp. 138-145, 10.1007/978-3-319-19390-8_16

[7] M.K.J. Khan, N. Ud Din, S. Bae, J. Yi, Interactive removal of microphone object in facial images,
Electronics 8 (10) (2019) , Art. no. 10, doi: 10.3390/electronics8101115.
[8] S. A. Hussain, A.S.A.A. Balushi, A real time face emotion classification and recognition using deep
learning model, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1432 (2020) 012087, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012087

[9] Website: https://www.leewayhertz.com/face-mask-detection-system

[10] Figures: Google.com