Jonna Mae Turqueza

BSN II-C

Patient Name: Real, Medan, Castillo

Final diagnosis: Acute Moderate Dehydration
Acute Bronchitis/ Acute Ronchi

Name and classification Onset, Peak, Duration, Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing responsibilities
of the drug Route

Generic Name: Routes of Metoclopramide causes General indications: Contraindications: Extrapyramidal  Assess pt for
Metoclopramide administration: PO, IV, antiemetic effects by  amebic hepatic  hypersensitivity movement disorders are extrapyramidal
Topical inhibiting dopamine D2 abscess  hypersensitivity to no frequent with small symptoms and tardive
Trade name: Flagyl, and serotonin 5-HT3  intestinal parabens doses, but relatively dyskinesia (more likely
Metric 21, noritade Pharmacokinetics: receptors in the amebiasis  first trimester of common with high doses in older pts)
chemoreceptor trigger  trichomoniasis pregnancy (up to 30%). Acute  Assess for
Classification: Onset: zone (CTZ) located in  retractory dystonia/dyskinesia gastrointestinal
Nitroimidazole PO: unknown the area postrema of the trichomoniasis Precautions: (akathisia, trismus, complaints, such as
IV: immediate brain. Administration of  bacterial  history of blood oculogyric crises) occur nausea, vomiting and
Therapeutic class: Topical: unknown this drug leads to infections caused dyscrasias: mainly in children and constipation
antibacterial, prokinetic effects via by anaerobic seizures or young women and can  In oral administration,
antiprotozoal Peak: inhibitory actions on microorganisms neurologic be life threatening in for better absorption
PO: 1-2 hrs presynaptic and  to prevent problems certain circumstances. In allow 30 minutes to one
Patient’s Dose: 1.5 mg IV: immediate postsynaptic D2 postoperative  severe hepatic longer-lasting hour before eating
slow IV stat Topical: 6-10 hrs receptors, agonism of infection in impairment treatments, parkinsonism  Advise pt to Rinse
serotonin 5-HT4 contaminated  pregnancy, or tardive dyskinesia mouth frequently to
Minimum Dose: PO: 250 Duration: receptors, and colorectal lactation and may occur; these mostly combat dryness.
mg TID PO, IV, Topical: antagonism of surgery children affect elderly people and Patient Teaching
IV: 100mg/ml unknown muscarinic reptor pelvic inflammatory Drug interactions: they are only slowly  Metoclopramide can
inhibition. This action disease  cimetidine reversible or even cause drowsiness.
Maximum dose: PO: 750 enhances the release of  phenobarbital irreversible. Patient should avoid
mg TID 6-10 days acetycholine, causing  warfarin hazardous activities
increased lower  disulfiram until stabilized
esophageal sphincter  flourouracil Fatigue and apathy,  Store in a closed
(LES) and gastric tone, sometimes even container in a cool place
accelerating gastric depressions, have out of the reach of
emptying and transit frequently been observed children
through the gut. with metoclopramide.  If there is nausea, fatty
Metoclopramide Galactorrhea and and spicy foods should
 antagonizes the impotence develop due be avoided
dopamine D2 receptors. to hyperprolactinemia.  Avoid alcohol or other
Dopamine exerts Arrhythmias, central nervous system
relaxant effect on the hypertension, depressants
gastrointestinal tract constipation or  If a dose is missed, the
through binding to diarrhea, urticarial are patient should take it as
muscular D2 receptors. uncommon aide-effets. soon as possible. If the
next dose is due within
the next three hours, she
or he should take a
single dose immediately
and skip the next one
 The drug can be safely
stopped as soon as a
patient no longer needs
it
 An occasional
unintentional extra dose
is unlikely to cause
harm
 A large overdose could
cause drowsiness and
muscle spasms. A
doctor should be
notified

Name and classification Onset, Peak, Duration, Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing responsibilities
of the drug Route
 Observe 10 rights in
Trade name: Salbutamol Solution for inhalation: In low doses, acts  Relief and  Contraindicated with CNS: tremor, giving medications
Neb Adults: 2.5 mg TID/QID relatively selectively at prevention of hypersensitivity to nervousness, dizziness,  Use minimal doses
by nebulizer. beta 2-adrenergic bronchospasm in albuterol; insomnia, headache, for minimal periods;
Generic Name: Albuterol Children ages 2 to 12: receptors to cause patients with tachyarrhythmias, hyperactivity, weakness, drug tolerance can
sulfate 0.1 mg/kg to 0.15 mg/kg bronchodilation and reversible tachycardia cause by headache, migraine. occur with prolonged
to maximum of 2.5 mg vasodilation; at higher obstructive airway digitalis intoxication used
Drug class: Antasthmatic TID/QID doses, beta 2 selectively disease.  Use cautiously with CV: tachycardia,  Maintain a –
is lost, and the drug acts  Inhalation: treatment diabetes mellitus; palpitations, adrenergic blocker
Patient Dose: ½ ml + 1ml at beta 2 receptors to of acute attacks of hyperthyroidism, hypertension (cardio selective beta-
NSS q6 cause typical bronchospasm history of seizure blocker, such as
sympathomimetic  Prevention of disorders EENT: dry and irritated atenolol, should be
Dosage: 4mg (immediate cardiac effect. exercise-induced nose and throat (with use with respiratory
release tablets) PO bronchospasm inhaled form) distress) on standby in
TID/QID; maximum  Unlabeled use: case cardia
dose, 8 mg QID adjunct in treating GI: increased appetite, arrhythmias occur
serious hyperkalemia heartburn, nausea,
Frequency: q4 hours in dialysis patients; vomiting, anorexia, taste
seems to lower perversion.
potassium
concentration when Respi: bronchospasm,
inhaled by patients coughs, dyspnea,
on hemodialysis wheezing, increased
sputum

Other: hypersensitivity
reactions

Name and classification Onset, Peak, Duration, Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing responsibilities
of the drug Route

Generic Name: Metabolic Action: Zinc Replacement and Hypersensitivity or  Gastric irritation  Monitor progression
Zinc Sulfate serves as a cofactor for supplementation therapy allergy to any  Nausea of zinc deficiency
more than 70 different in patients who are at components in the  Vomiting symptoms during
Trade Name: enzymes. It facilitates risk for zinc deficiency formulation.  Rash therapy
Zincate wound healing, normal  Encourage patient to
growth and tissue repair. Use cautiously in renal comply with the diet
Classification: Mineral In patients receiving failure. recommendation
and electrolyte total parental nutrition  Ask the patient to
replacements/supplement with low plasma levels notify any of the
s of zinc, dermatitis has healthcare team if he
been followed by feels nausea,
Patient Dose: 3ml OD alopecia. Zinc is an vomiting, abdominal
integral part of many pain or tarry stools
Dose: enzymes important to occur
Infants up to age 1: 5mg carbohydrate and protein  Emphasize the
PO mobilization of retinal- importance of follow
Children up to 1-10: binding protein. up exams
10mg PO

Name and classification Onset, Peak, Duration, Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing responsibilities
of the drug Route

Generic Name: Onset: It inhibits nucleic acid General indications: Contraindications: CNS: seizures, dizziness, Before
Metronidazole PO: unknown synthesis by disrupting  Amebic hepatic  Hypersensitivity headache  Assess pts. Infection
 IV: immediate the DNA of microbial abscess  Hypersensitivity to  Watch carefully for
Trade name: Topical: Unknown cells. This function only  Intestinal parabens EENT: tearing (topical edema because it may
Flagyl, Metric 21, occurs when amebiasis  First trimester of only) cause sodium
Noritade Peak: metronidazole is  Trichomoniasis pregnancy retention
PO: 1-2 hrs partially reduced, and  Retractory GI: abdominal pain,  Assess skin for
Therapeutic class: IV: immediate because this reduction trichomoniasis Precautions: anorexia, nausea and severity areas of local
Antibacterial, Topical: 6-10 hrs usually happens only in  Bacterial  History of blood vomiting, diarrhea, dry adverse reactions
Antriprotozoal anaerobic bacteria and infection caused dyscrasias; seizure mouth, glossitis  Record number and
protozoans, it has by anaerobic or neurologic character of stools
Patient Dose: Duration: relatively little effect microorganisms problems Derm: rashes, urticarial,  Assess pt’s and
90 mg IV q8 PO, IV, Topical: upon human cells or  To prevent  Severe hepatic mild dryness, skin family’s knowledge
unknown aerobic bacteria. postoperative impairment irritation of drug therapy
Minimum dose: infection in  Pregnancy, During
PO: 250mg TID 6-10days contaminated lactation and  Give drug with meals
IV: 100mg/mL colorectal children to minimize GI
surgery distress
 Pelvic Drug interactions:  To treat
inflammatory  Cimetidine trichomoniasis, give
disease  Phenobarbital drug for 7 days
 Warfarin instead of 2-g single
 Disulfiram dose
 Fluorouracil  Use only after T.
vaginalis has been
confirmed by wet
smear
 Tablets may be
crushed for pt’s. with
difficult swallowing
 Do not use aluminum
needles or hubs, color
will turn orange/rust

After
 Tell pt. that metallic
taste and dark or red
brown urine may
occur
 Instruct pt to take
oral form with meals
to minimize
 reactions
 Instruct t complete
full course of therapy
 Tell pt. not to use
alcohol or drugs that
contain alcohol
 May cause dizziness/
light headedness

Name and classification Onset, Peak, Duration, Mechanism of action Indication Contraindication Adverse effect Nursing responsibilities
of the drug Route

Generic Name: Gastric acid-pump Short-term treatment of Contraindicated with  Diarrhea,  Caution patient to
Omeprazole inhibitors: suppress activedoudenal ulcer; hypersensitivity to  Nausea swallow capsules
gastric acid secretion by first-linetherapy in omeprazole or its  Fatigue whole- not to open,
Brand Name: specific inhibition of the treatment of heartburn or components; Use  Constipation chew or crush them.
Prilosec hydrogen-potassium symptoms of cautiously with  Vomiting  Arrange for further
ATP as enzyme system gastroesophageal reflux pregnancy, lactation.  Dry mouth evaluation oft after
Drug classification: at the secretory surface disease (GERD): short-  Dizziness 8 weeks of therapy
Proton Pump Inhibitors of the gastric parietal term treatment of active  Headache for gastro reflux
(PPI) cells; blocks the final benign gastric ulcer;  Skin rashes disorders; not
step of acid production. GERD, severe erosive  Weakness intended for
esophagitis, poorly maintenance
responsive symptomatic  Back pain therapy
GERD; Long-term  Upper  Administer antacids
therapy: treatment of respiratory with omeprazole, if
pathologic infection need
hypersecretory  Coughing
conditions (Zollinger- Teaching Points:
elliso Syndrome,
multiple adenomas, Take the drug before
systemic mastocytosis) ; meals. Swallow the
Eradication of H. pylori capsules whole; do
with amoxicillin or not chew, open or
metronidazole. crush them. This drug
will need to be taken
for up to 8 wk (short-
term therapy) or for a
prolonged period (> 5
yr in some cases0.
Have regular medical
follow-up visits.