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Directional Drilling
Directional Drilling
Calculations
1
Type I Type II Type III
KOP
EOC
Dy = r sin I
I
Dy DL DL = r Irad
r
æ p ö
DL = ç ÷ r Ideg
è 180 ø
I
18,000
r=
Dx p * BUR
3
N18E S23E
Azimuth
Angle
N55W
S20W
4
Example 1: Design of Directional Well
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Example 1: Design of Directional Well
D − D − x 2 + (D − D ) 2 − 2(r + r ) x
max = 2 tan −1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 4
2(r1 + r2 ) − x 4
10,000 − 4,500 2
+ 10,000 2
− 2(3,820)4,500
= 2 tan
-1
2(3,820) − 4,500
max = 26.3
8
(ii) Measured Depth of Well
x Build = r1 (1 − cos )
= 3,820(1 - cos 26.3 )
= 395 ft
x Hold = 4,500 − 395
= 4,105 ft
L Hold sin = 4,105
L Hold = 9,265 ft
9
(ii) Measured Depth of Well
æ 26.3p ö
= 2,500 + 3,820ç ÷ + 9,265
è 180 ø
MD = 13,518 ft
10
* The actual well path hardly ever coincides with
the planned trajectory
* Important: Hit target within specified radius
11
What is known?
I1 , I2 , A1 , A2 ,
DL = DMD1-2
Calculate
b = dogleg angle
DLS = b*100/DL
12
Wellbore Surveying Methods
Average Angle
Balanced Tangential
Minimum Curvature
Radius of Curvature
Tangential
Other Topics
Kicking off from Vertical
Controlling Hole Angle
13
I, A, DMD
14
Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations
The table below gives data from a directional survey.
A 3,000 0 20
B 3,200 6 6
C 3,600 14 20
D 4,000 24 80
15
Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations
Point C has coordinates:
x = 1,000 (ft) positive towards the east
y = 1,000 (ft) positive towards the north
z = 3,500 (ft) TVD, positive downwards
C N (y) C
N
Z Dz
D D
Dy
E (x) Dx
16
Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations
I D = 24 A D = 80
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The Average Angle Method
Measured depth from C to D, DMD = 400 ft
I C = 14
A C = 20
I D = 24 A D = 80
C
N (y)
C
Z D N
z
E (x) y D
x
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The Average Angle Method
20
The Average Angle Method
This method utilizes the average of I1 and I2 as an
inclination, the average of A1 and A2 as a direction, and
assumes all of the survey interval (DMD) to be tangent
to the average angle.
I C + I D 14 + 24
I AVG = = = 19
2 2
AC + AD 20 + 80
AAVG = = = 50
2 2
23
The Average Angle Method
At Point D,
24
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DNorth = (sin I C cos A C + sin I D cos A D )
2
400
= (sin 14 cos 20 + sin 24 cos 80 )
2
= 59.59 ft
26
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DEast = (sin I C sin A C + sin I D sin A D )
2
400
= (sin 14 sin 20 + sin 24 sin 80 )
2
= 96.66ft
27
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DVert = (cos I D + cos I C )
2
400
= (cos 24 + cos14 ) = 376 .77 ft
2
28
The Balanced Tangential Method
At Point D,
29
Minimum Curvature Method
30
Minimum Curvature Method
This method smooths the two straight-line segments of the
Balanced Tangential Method using the Ratio Factor RF.
31
Minimum Curvature Method
32
Minimum Curvature Method
2 b
The Ratio Factor, RF = tan
b Z
2
2 æ 20.67 ö
RF = * tanç ÷ = 1.01099
0.3608 è 2 ø
DMD
DNorth = (sin I C cos A C + sin I D cos I D )RF
2
= 59.59 *1.01099 = 60.25 ft
33
Minimum Curvature Method
DMD
DEast = (sin I C sin A C + sin I D sin A D )RF
2
= 96.66 *1.01099 = 97.72 ft
DMD
DVert = (cos I C + cos I D )RF
2
= 376.77 *1.01099 = 380.91 ft
34
Minimum Curvature Method
At Point D,
35
The Radius of Curvature Method
2
DMD(cos I C − cos I D )(sin A D − sin A C ) æ 180 ö
DNorth = ç ÷
(I D − I C )(A D − A C ) è p ø
2
400(cos14 − cos 24 )(sin 80 − sin 20 ) æ 180 ö
= ç ÷
(24 − 14)(80 − 20) è p ø
= 79.83 ft
36
The Radius of Curvature Method
2
400 (cos14 − cos 24 )(cos 20 − cos 80 ) æ 180 ö
= ç ÷
(24 − 14)(80 − 20) è p ø
= 95.14 ft
37
The Radius of Curvature Method
38
The Radius of Curvature Method
At Point D,
39
The Tangential Method
I D = 24 A D = 80
40
The Tangential Method
41
The Tangential Method
At Point D,
X Y Z
43
Torque and Drag
Calculations
44
Friction - Stationary
• Horizontal surface N
• No motion
• No applied force
S Fy = 0
N=W
W
1. Consider
a section
of pipe
in the
wellbore.
48
Effect of Friction (no doglegs):
49
Effect of Friction (no doglegs):
DT = W cos I − Ff
so DT = W cos I + Ff
51
Problem 1
52
Solution
I = 68.2
55
Problem 2 - Solution - Force
(a) What force will it take to move this pipe
along the horizontal section of the wellbore?
N
F=? F=0
W
N = W = 30 lb/ft * 8,000 ft = 240,000 lb
F = N = 0.3 * 240,000 lb = 72,000 lb
60
Problem 3
62
Solution to Problem 3 - Rotating
HL = HL2000 + HL8000
0 .5
lb lb
= 30 * 2000 ft + 30 * 8000 ft * cos 60
ft ft
= 60,000 lbf + 120,000 lbf
N = 30 * 2000 * sin o0 = 0
o
Thus, F2000 = 0
64
Solution to Problem 3 - lowering
N = 30 * 8,000 * sin 60
= 207,846 lbf
65
Solution to Problem 3 - Lowering
Thus, F8000 = N
= 0.3 * 207,846 = 62,352 lbf
66
Solution to Problem 3 - Raising
67
Solution to Problem 3 - Summary
0 HL
ROT
RIH
2,000
POH
MD
ft
10,000
0 60,000 120,000 180,000 240,000
Axial Tension 68
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
69
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
è 2 12 ø
71
Solution to Problem 3 - Rotating
Assume “Equilibrium”
at angle f as shown.
N W sin I sin f
Solving equations (6) & (7) =
N W sin I cosf
= tan f
−1
f = tan ( ) (8)
73
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
(ii) Continued
Evaluating the problem at hand:
−1 −1
From Eq. (8), f = tan ( ) = tan (0.3)
f = 16.70
Ff = 59,.724 lbf
75
Solution to Problem 3 - rotating
d
From Eq. (9),T = Ff *
2
æ7 1 ö
= 59,724 * ç * ÷
è 2 12 ø
Torque = 17,420 ft - lbf
76
Solution to Problem 3
77
Solution to Problem 3
(i) T = 18,187
(ii) T = 17,420
79