COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

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WEEK 4 -September 2023

CE 40: FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

TARGET POPULATION : 2nd Year BS Civil Engineering Students

INSTRUCTOR : VINCENT MAGARRIDO

MODULE 2: AREA OF A CLOSE TRAVERSE BY:

-DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE (DMD), AND
-DOUBLE PARALLEL DISTANCE (DPD)

Before applying these 2 methods in solving areas. The horizontal distance

must be adjusted first.

Two types of adjustments or corrections

1) COMPASS RULE
2) TRANSIT RULE

These adjustments can be describe by the following equations

COMPASS RULE TRANSIT RULE
CL di CL Li
= =
∑ Li ∑ d i ∑ Li N Lat +|S Lat|

CD di CD Li
= =
∑ D i ∑ di ∑ Di E Dep +|W Dep|

Where:
C L =correction for latitude

C D =correction for departure

∑ Li =|N Lat −S Lat|=absolute difference ∈North Lat .∧South Lat .

∑ D i=|E Dep−W Dep|=absolute difference ∈East Departure .∧west Dep.
d i=distance of the course

∑ d i= perimeter of the course

Li=Latitude of the course

DOUBLE MERIDIAN DISTANCE (DMD)

 DMD of the first course = Departure of the first course.

 DMD of the other = (DMD of the first course) + (departure of the

preceding point) + (the departure of the current point).

 Double Areas=(Adjusted Latitude)(DMD )

DOUBLE PARALLEL DISTANCE (DPD)

  DPD of the first course = Latitude of the first course.

 DPD of the other = (DPD of the first course) + (latitude of the

preceding course) + (the latitude of the current course).

 Double Areas=(Adjusted Departure)(DPD)

Laboratory Exercise no. 3

Title: Area of a Close Traverse
Time/ Date:
Location:
Weather:
Objectives:
A. To determine the land horizontal area.
Outline
A. Instruments and accessories
1. Total station
2. Measuring tape
3. Range poles
4. Flag or pegs
B. Procedure

C. TABULATION AND CALCULATIONS

Sample Activity Table
Interior No. of Adjustment Corrected angle
Line
angle measurement Correction
θi n θe θcorr =θi ±θ e
A θ1=¿ θ1 ±θ e
B θ2=¿ θ2 ±θ e
C θ3 =¿ θ3 ± θe
D θ 4=¿ θ 4 ± θe
E θn =¿ θ5 ± θe

∑ θ i=¿
Hor. Adjustment for
Line Azimuth Bearing Latitude Departure
Dist. (m) Lat. and Dep.
di αi θ Li Di cL cD
AB d 1=¿
BC d 2=¿
CD d 3=¿
DE d 4 =¿
EA d n=¿

∑ di ∑ Li ∑ Di

Cont.

CE40 FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

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 Adjusted Double area
Line DMD
Lat. and Dep.
Li Di 2 A=Li × ( DMD )i
AB L1 D1 ( DMD )1=D1
BC L2 D2 ( DMD )2=( DMD )1 + D1 + D2
CD L3 D3 ( DMD )3=( DMD )2 + D2 + D3
DE L4 D4 ( DMD )4 =( DMD )3+ D3+ D4
EA L5 D5 ( DMD )4 =−D5

N=5

EXAMPLE) Determine the area of the given data of the Close traverse.
Hor.
Line Azimuth,(South)
Dist. (m)
di αi
AB d 1=¿ 122 210 °
BC d 2=¿ 149 240 °
CD d 3=¿241 10 °
DA d 4 =¿159 110 °

COMPUTATION:
Hor. Dist. Adjustment for
Line Azimuth Bearing Latitude Departure
(m) Lat. and Dep.
di αi θ Li=d i cosθ Di=d i sinθ cL cD
AB 122 m 210 ° N 30 ° E 105.655 61.000 0.510 0.222
BC 149 m 240 ° N 60 ° E 74.500 129.038 0.622 0.271
CD 241 m 10 ° S 10 ° W −237.339 −41.849 1.007 0.439
DA 159 m 110 ° N 70 ° W 54.381 −149.411 0.664 0.290

∑ d i=671 m ∑ Li =−2.803 ∑ D i=−1.222

Sample Calculation for adjustment using compass rule
CL di
=
∑ Li ∑ d i
CL 122
= , C =0.510 take¿
−2.803 671 L

CD di
=
∑ D i ∑ di
CD 122
= ,C =0.222 take ¿
−1.222 671 D

Note: the negative sign in the total Latitude and departure indicates that
the value is too short. Meaning of this, is we need to add the adjustment.
Otherwise, if the total value of latitude (or departure) is positive, then
we need to subtract the adjustment or correction.

CE40 FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

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Cont.
Adjusted
Line DMD Double area
Lat. and Dep.
Li Di 2 A=Li × ( DMD )i
AB 106.165 61.222 61.222 6499.634
BC 75.122 129.309 251.753 18912.189
CD −236.332 −41.410 339.652 −80270.636
DA 55.045 −149.121 149.121 8208.365
2
2 A=−46650.448 m
∑ Li =0 ∑ D i=0 1 2
A= |2 A|=23325.224 m
2

BY DPD METHOD

Adjusted
Line DPD Double area
Lat. and Dep.
Li Di 2 A=Di × ( DPD )i
AB 106.165 61.222 106.165 6499.634
BC 75.122 129.309 287.452 37170.131
CD −236.332 −41.410 126.242 −5227.681
DA 55.045 −149.121 −55.045 8208.365
2
2 A=−46650.449 m
∑ Li =0 ∑ D i=0 1
A= |2 A|=23325.224 m
2
2

CE40 FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

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