COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

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CE 40: FUNDAMENTALS OF SURVEYING

TARGET POPULATION : 2nd Year BS Civil Engineering Students

INSTRUCTOR : ENGR. VINCENT MARK R. GARRIDO

MODULE 02 – A: CORRECTIONS OF INTERIOR ANGLES OF A CLOSE

TRAVERSE
INTERNAL ANGLES

Sum of Internal angle of a Regular Polygon,

ϕ=180 ° (n− 2)

n=number of sides

Cosine Law:
2 2 2
c =a + b −2 abcos ( C )

b 2=a2 +c 2 −2 abcos ( B )

a 2=b2 +c 2 −2 abcos ( A )

Area of Triangle
1
A= bℎ , b=x + y
2

Heron’s Formula
A=√ s (s −a)( s −b)(s − c)

Where:
a+ b+c
s=
2

ℎ=asin ⁡(C )

1 1 1
A= bℎ= b ( asinC )= absinC
2 2 2
Laboratory Exercise no. 1
Title: Pacing
Time/ Date:
Location:
Weather:
Objectives:
A. To determine the individual Pace Factor
B. To measure distance by pace factor
Outline
A. Instruments and accessories

1. Range poles
2. Tape
3. Markers (chalk or crayons, etc.)

B. Procedure:

1. Determining Pace Factor

a. Select a straight line and level course and on both ends
establish marks at least 90 meters apart, designate end points
as A and B.
b. Walk over the course at a natural pace, starting with either
heel or toe over point A and count the number of pace to reach
point B.
c. For succeeding trails, walk from B to A, vise-versa, until
five (5) trails are complete, and the number of paces recorded
accordingly.
d. Refer to the accompanying/ attach sample format for the
recording of observed field data.
2. Measuring Distance by Taping
a. Define the end points of another level course whose length is
to be determined by pacing. Designate these points as C & D.

Sample Activity Table

Corrected
Line θ angle, Dist. d i
θcorr =θi ±θ e
AB θ1=¿ θ1 ±θ e d 1=¿
BC θ2=¿ θ2 ±θ e d 2=¿
CD θ3 =¿ θ3 ± θe d 3=¿
DE θ 4=¿ θ 4 ± θe d 4 =¿
EA θn =¿ θ5 ± θe d n=¿
N=5 ∑ θ=¿

Math 23: Differential Equation

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Math 23: Differential Equation
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