Traversed Computation (Closed Traverse Correction – Compass Rule / Transit Rule)

Closed Compass Traverse

**Note: For a traverse to be considered closed, it must have a region bounded
by lines or curves (AREA).

Formulas:
β = Bearing Angle

From Trigonometry:
Using SOH – CAH – TOA Analysis

• Latitude, L = Distance x cos(β)

• Departure, D = Distance x sin(β)

CONDITIONS FOR A CLOSED TRAVERSE

Σ LATITUDE = 0
Σ DEPARTURE = 0

**TRAVERSE CORRECTION
- If both Σ LATITUDE and Σ DEPARTURE will not equal to zero (0), solve for the
errors to be applied on both latitude and departure components
EL = Σ LATITUDE
ED = Σ DEPARTURE

Where:
Departure = Horizontal Component of Distance (Length of a Line), x-direction
Latitude = Vertical Component of Distance (Length of Line), y-direction
EL = Error in Latitude
ED = Error in Departure

SIGN CONVENTION for Latitude:

North Direction, N = positive (+)
South Direction, S = negative (–)
SIGN CONVENTION for Departure:
East Direction, E = positive (+)
West Direction, W = negative (–)
COMPASS RULE
Analysis:
For LATITUDE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER

CL = - EL x DF

For DEPARTURE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
PERIMETER or Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES

CD = - ED x DF

Where:
DF = Distribution Factor
CL = Correction in Latitude
CD = Correction in Departure
EL = Error in Latitude
ED = Error in Departure

TRANSIT RULE
Analysis:
For LATITUDE:
/ LATITUDE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / LATITUDE OF ALL LINES /

CL = - EL x DF

For DEPARTURE:
/ DEPARTURE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / DEPARTURE OF ALL LINES /

CD = - ED x DF

Where:
/ / = Absolute value (consider equivalent positive values)
DF = Distribution Factor
CL = Correction in Latitude
CD = Correction in Departure
EL = Error in Latitude
ED = Error in Departure

APPLYING CORRECTIONS:

For LATITUDE:
L’ = L + CL
Where:
L’ = Corrected Latitude
L = Original Latitude of a Line
CL = Correction in Latitude
 For DEPARTURE:
D’ = D + CD
Where:
D’ = Corrected Departure
D = Original Departure of a Line
CD = Correction in Departure

Thus;

CORRECTED DISTANCE OF LINE:

Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2

LINEAR ERROR OF CLOSURE (LEC):

Formula:

LEC = √(EL )2 + (ED )2

RELATIVE ERROR OF CLOSURE (REC):

Formula:

LINEAR ERROR OF CLOSURE (LEC)

REC =
PERIMETER or Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES
 ILLUSTRATIVE PROBLEM:
Given the following traverse note taken by a survey party. Analyze and
apply corrections if conditions are not met for a closed traverse.

LINE BEARING DISTANCE

AB N 45 20’ E
0
410 m.
BC S 65010’ E 605 m.
CD N 80015’ W 600 m.
DA S 55030’ W 280 m.

Solution:

(1) From the given tabulated data, include another two (2) columns for
the components of the Line (Latitude and Departure).

LATITUDE, L DEPARTURE, D
LINE BEARING, β DISTANCE
L = Distance x cos(β) D = Distance x sin(β)
AB N 45020’ E 410 m.
BC S 65010’ E 605 m.
CD N 80015’ W 600 m.
DA S 55030’ W 280 m.

(2) Determine Latitude and Departure values using the formula.

Results must be in proper and correct sign.

LATITUDE, L DEPARTURE, D
L = Distance x cos(β) D = Distance x sin(β)
LAB = 410 x cos (45020’) = 288.22223 N DAB = 410 x sin (45020’) = 291.59551 E
= 254.08798 S = 549.05765 E
= 101.60970 N = 591.33364 W
= 158.59375 S = 230.75533 W

LINE BEARING, β DISTANCE LATITUDE, L DEPARTURE, D

AB N 45020’ E 410 m. + 288.22223 + 291.59551
BC S 65010’ E 605 m. – 254.08798 + 549.05765
CD N 80015’ W 600 m. + 101.60970 – 591.33364
DA S 55030’ W 280 m. – 158.59375 – 230.75533

(3) Solve the Perimeter or Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES. Also, compute and
check the corresponding errors of both Latitude and Departure.
Below it, include results of ( Σ /LATITUDE/ ) and ( Σ /DEPARTURE/ ).

LINE BEARING, β DISTANCE LATITUDE, L DEPARTURE, D

AB N 45020’ E 410 m. + 288.22223 + 291.59551
BC S 65010’ E 605 m. – 254.08798 + 549.05765
CD N 80015’ W 600 m. + 101.60970 – 591.33364
DA S 55030’ W 280 m. – 158.59375 – 230.75533
Perimeter = 1895 m. EL=Σ LATITUDE=–22.8498 ED=Σ DEPARTURE=+18.56419
Σ / LATITUDE / = 1662.742 Σ / DEPARTURE / = 802.514
 (4) Compute Linear Error of Closure (LEC), and
Relative Error of Closure (REC)

• LEC = √(EL )2 + (ED )2

= √(−22.8498)2 + (+18.56419)2
LEC = 29.44049 m.

LINEAR ERROR OF CLOSURE (LEC)

• REC =
PERIMETER or Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES
29.44049
=
1895
REC = 0.015536 m⁄m

(5) Solve and apply correction using Compass Rule.

• LINE AB:
❖ LATITUDE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
410
DF =
1895

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
410
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( )
1895
CL = + 4.94376

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= 288.22223 + 4.94376
L’ = + 293.16599

❖ DEPARTURE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
410
DF =
1895

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
410
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( )
1895
CL = – 4.01653

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= 291.59551 – 4.94376
D’ = + 287.57898

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(+293.16599)2 + (+287.57898)2
Distance’ = 410.66771 m.
• LINE BC:
❖ LATITUDE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
605
DF =
1895

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
605
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( )
1895
CL = + 7.29505

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= – 254.08798 + 7.29505
L’ = – 246.79293

❖ DEPARTURE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
605
DF =
1895

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
605
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( )
1895
CL = – 5.92683

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= + 549.05765 – 5.92683
D’ = + 543.13082

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(– 246.79293)2 + (+543.13082)2
Distance’ = 596.57174 m.

• LINE CD:
❖ LATITUDE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
600
DF =
1895

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
600
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( )
1895
CL = + 7.23475

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= + 101.60970 + 7.23475
L’ = + 108.84445
 ❖ DEPARTURE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
600
DF =
1895

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
600
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( )
1895
CL = – 5.87784

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= – 591.33364 – 5.87784
D’ = – 597.21148

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(+108.84445)2 + (– 597.21148)2
Distance’ = 607.04915 m.

• LINE DA:
❖ LATITUDE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
280
DF =
1895

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
280
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( )
1895
CL = + 3.37622

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= – 158.59375 + 3.37622
L’ = – 155.21753

❖ DEPARTURE:
DISTANCE OF LINE
DF =
Σ DISTANCE OF ALL LINES or PERIMETER
280
DF =
1895

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
280
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( )
1895
CL = – 2.74299

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= – 230.75533 – 2.74299
D’ = – 233.49832
 ❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(– 155.21753)2 + (– 233.49832)2
Distance’ = 280.381788 m.

(6) Solve and apply correction using Transit Rule.

• LINE AB:
❖ LATITUDE:
/ LATITUDE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / LATITUDE OF ALL LINES /
288.22223
DF = = 0.35915
802.514

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( 0.35915 )
CL = + 8.20649

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= 288.22223 + 8.20649
L’ = + 296.42872

❖ DEPARTURE:
/ DEPARTURE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / DEPARTURE OF ALL LINES /
291.59551
DF = = 0.17537
1662.742

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( 0.17537 )
CL = – 3.25561

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= 291.59551 – 3.25561
D’ = + 288.33990

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(+296.42872)2 + (+288.33990)2
Distance’ = 413.53341 m.

• LINE BC:
❖ LATITUDE:
/ LATITUDE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / LATITUDE OF ALL LINES /
254.08798
DF = = 0.31662
802.514

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( 0.31662 )
CL = + 7.23459
 Thus; Applying Correction
L’ = L + CL
= – 254.08798 + 7.23459
L’ = – 246.85339

❖ DEPARTURE:
/ DEPARTURE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / DEPARTURE OF ALL LINES /
549.05765
DF = = 0.33021
1662.742

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( 0.33021 )
CL = – 6.13012

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= 549.05765 – 6.13012
D’ = + 542.92753

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(– 246.85339)2 + (+542.92753)2
Distance’ = 596.41168 m.

• LINE CD:
❖ LATITUDE:
/ LATITUDE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / LATITUDE OF ALL LINES /
101.60970
DF = = 0.12661
802.514

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( 0.12661 )
CL = + 2.89311

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= 101.60970 + 2.89311
L’ = + 104.50281

❖ DEPARTURE:
/ DEPARTURE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / DEPARTURE OF ALL LINES /
591.33364
DF = = 0.35564
1662.742

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( 0.35564 )
CL = – 6.60212

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= – 591.33364 – 6.13012
D’ = – 597.93576
 ❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(+104.50281)2 + (– 597.93576)2
Distance’ = 606.99919 m.

• LINE DA:
❖ LATITUDE:
/ LATITUDE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / LATITUDE OF ALL LINES /
158.59375
DF = = 0.19762
802.514

Then;
CL = – EL x DF
= – ( –22.8498 ) x ( 0.19762 )
CL = + 4.51560

Thus; Applying Correction

L’ = L + CL
= – 158.59375 + 4.51560
L’ = – 154.07815

❖ DEPARTURE:
/ DEPARTURE OF A LINE /
DF =
Σ / DEPARTURE OF ALL LINES /
230.75533
DF = = 0.13878
1662.742

Then;
CD = – ED x DF
= – ( +18.56419 ) x ( 0.13878 )
CL = – 2.57634

Thus; Applying Correction

D’ = D + CD
= – 230.75533 – 2.57634
D’ = – 233.33167

❖ DISTANCE:
Distance’ = √(L′)2 + (D′)2
= √(– 154.07815)2 + (– 233.33167)2
Distance’ = 279.61356 m.
(7) Tabulate results for the corrected Latitudes and Departures respectively.

By COMPASS RULE:

CORRECTED CORRECTED CORRECTED

LINE
LATITUDE DEPARTURE DISTANCE
AB + 293.16599 + 287.57898 410.66771
BC – 246.79293 + 543.13082 596.57174
CD + 108.84445 – 597.21148 607.04915
DA – 155.21753 – 233.49832 280.38179
EL=Σ LATITUDE= 0.00 ED=Σ DEPARTURE= 0.00

By TRANSIT RULE:

CORRECTED CORRECTED CORRECTED

LINE
LATITUDE DEPARTURE DISTANCE
AB + 296.42872 + 288.33990 413.53341
BC – 246.85339 + 542.92753 596.41168
CD + 104.50281 – 597.93576 606.99919
DA – 154.07815 – 233.33167 279.61356
EL=Σ LATITUDE= 0.00 ED=Σ DEPARTURE= 0.00