MT144 – Problems, Formulas & Solutions

Bearing and Distance off the Point of Land or Light

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pYDbAmKApYY (Study this youtube video)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eooqcaFFz9o (Study this youtube video)

MT144 – Problems, Formulas & Solutions

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYKsli4L3RM (Study this youtube video)

 https://oic-nwreviewer.blogspot.com/2014/01/bow-and-beam-bearing-
problem.html (Study this youtube video)
 Plane Sailing

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtArE_i1jHQ (Study this video)

 Guides in Solving the Navigational
Problems
1. Read and Analyze the Problem.
2. Write down the given.
3. Plot the given bearing, distance and others.
4. Analyze the angles of the formed triangle.
5. The formed triangle will give you the idea what formula your are going to apply.
6. Sailing problems such as plane sailing, parallel sailing, mid-latitude sailing,
Mercator, bow and beam bearing apply right-angled plane triangle (SOH, CAH,
TOA).
7. For finding bearing and distance with oblique triangle, apply sine or cosine law.
 Plane Sailing

Problem No. 1

Given:
LATITUDE - 10˚ 20.0’ N
LONGITUDE - 60˚ 20.0’E
COURSE - 155 degrees
DISTANCE - 300 miles
Required: Difference of Latitude (D.Lat), Departure and Latitude of Arrival
 Plane Sailing

 Problem 1 ( Cont.)
 SOLUTIONS: (SOH, CAH, TOA)

 COURSE = 155˚ True or S 25˚ E (Angle 25 degrees for solving),

Dist. = 300 miles

D. Lat =(Dist. × Cos Co.)

= 300 × Cos 25˚
= 271.9’ divided by 60
D. Lat = 4˚ 31.9’ S
 Plane Sailing (Cont.)

 Problem No. 1

Lat left = 10˚ 20.0’N

D’LAT = 04˚ 31.9’ S (as calculated in previous slide)
LAT ARR’D = 05˚ 48.1’ N
So, M’ LAT = 08˚04.0’N

Computation for DEPARTURE = (D’LAT × Tan Co.)

= 271.9 x Tan 25
Departure = 126.79’ miles
 Plane Sailing

 Problem 1 (Continue)

Now, D’LONG =( DEP./Cos M’LAT)

= 128.05’ E OR 002˚ 8’ E

LONG LEFT = 060˚ 20’ E

So, LONG ARR’D = 062˚ 28’ E
 Plane Sailing
 Problem 2

COURSE = 260˚ or T = S 80˚ W (Angle 80 degrees ), Dist. = 458 MANS

D’Lat. = (Dist. × Cos Co.)

= 458 × Cos 80˚
= 79.5’ divided by 60
= 1˚ 19’ S

Lat left = 10˚ 12.0’ S

D’LAT = 01˚ 19.0’ S
LAT ARR’D = 11˚ 31.0’ S

So, M’ LAT = 10˚ 51.5’ S

 Plane Sailing (Cont.)

 Problem 2 (Cont.)

DEP. = (D’LAT × Tan Co.)

= 450.86 miles

D’LONG =( DEP./Cos M’LAT)

= 459.08’ W OR 007˚ 39’ W

LONG LEFT = 120˚ 11.0’ W

LONG ARR’D = 127˚ 50.0’ W
 Plane Sailing

Problem 3
Given:
COURSE = 340˚, T or N 20˚ W (Angle 20 degrees) , Dist. = 510 M

D’Lat = (Dist. × Cos Co.)

= (510 × Cos 20˚)
= 479.24’ divided by 60
= 7˚ 59.2’ N

Lat left = 00˚ 10.0’ S

D’LAT = 07˚ 59.2’ N
LAT ARR’D = 07˚ 49.2’ N So, M’ LAT = 03˚ 49.6’ N
 Plane Sailing

Problem 3 (Cont.)
DEP. =( D’LAT × Tan Co.)
= 174.42 miles

D’LONG = (DEP./Cos M’LAT)

= 174.42’ E divided by 60 = 002˚ 54.4’ W

 LONG LEFT = 179˚ 40.0’ W

 LONG ARR’D = 177˚ 25.2’ E
 Plane Sailing

Problem 4
Given: COURSE = 250˚, T or S 70˚W, Dist. = 312.4 M

D’Lat = (Dist. × Cos Co.)

= (426.8 × Cos 46˚ 12’)
= 295.4’ divided by 60
= 4˚ 55.4’ N

Lat left = 30˚ 14.0’ S

D’LAT = 04˚ 55.4’ N
LAT ARR’D = 25˚ 18.6’S
So, M’ LAT = 27˚ 46.3’ S
 Plane Sailing

Problem 4 (Cont.)

DEP. = (D’LAT × Tan Co.)

= 308.04 miles

D’LONG = ( DEP. / Cos M’LAT )

= 348.14’ E divided by 60 = 005˚48.1’ E

LONG LEFT = 168˚ 12.0’ W

LONG ARR’D = 162˚ 23.9’ W
 PARALLEL SAILING

Problem 1
Given
From LAT 20˚ 30.0’ N, LONG 179˚ 0’ E the vessel sailed to LAT 16˚ 18.0’ N
LONG 178˚ 32.0’ W. Required the course made good, distance and departure.

Solution:
Latitude from = 20 - 30 N Long. From = 179 – 00 E
Latitude in = 16 – 18 N Long in = 178 - 32 W
D. Lat = 04˚ 12.0’ S D. Long = 001˚- 52.0’ E
M’LAT 18˚ 24.0’ S (L1 + L2 = 36 – 48 /2)
 PARALLEL SAILING

Problem 1 (Cont.)
DEP. = (D’LONG × Cos M’LAT)
= (112 × Cos 18˚ 24.0’)
DEP. = 106.27 W

Tan Co. = (DEP. / D’LAT)

= 106.27 / 252
COURSE = S 22˚ 51.9’ E (Old Rule)

DISTANCE = (D’LAT × Sec Co.)

= (252 × Sec 22˚ 51.9’)
DISTANCE = 273.5 Miles
 PARALLEL SAILING
Problem 2.

A vessel sailed from LAT 56˚ 12.5’ S, LONG 046˚ 5’ W to LAT 50˚ 11.3’ S,
LONG 044˚ 14.8’ W. Required departure, course and distance.
Solution:
LAT from = 56˚ 12.5’ S LONG from = 046˚ 5’ W
LAT in = 50˚ 11.3’ S LONG in = 044˚ 14.8’ W

D’LAT = 06˚ 01.2’ N D’LONG = 001˚ 57.7’ E

M’LAT 53˚ 11.9’ S ( Lat. from + Lat in = Total / 2)

 PARALLEL SAILING

Problem 2 (Cont.)

DEP. = (D’LONG × Cos M’LAT)

= (117.7× Cos 53˚ 11.9’)
Dep. = 70.50 W

TAN Co. = (DEP. / D’LAT)

= (70.50 / 361.2)
COURSE = N 11˚ 02.6’ E

DISTANCE = (D’LAT × Sec Co.)

= (361.2 × Sec 11˚ 02.6’
DISTANCE = 368.0 M
 PARALLEL SAILING

Problem 3
From LAT 36˚ 11.7’ N, LONG 075˚ 06’ E the vessel sailed to LAT 40˚ 18.6’ N,
LONG 080˚ 11.5’ E. Required the Departure, Course and Distance.

LAT from = 36˚ 11.7’ N LONG from = 075˚ 06.0’ E

LAT in = 40˚ 18.6’ N LONG in = 080˚ 11.5’ E
D’LAT = 04˚ 06.9’ N D’LONG = 004˚ 58.9’ E

 M’LAT = 38˚ 15.1’ N (Lat from + Lat in = Total /2 )

 PARALLEL SAILING

SOLUTION:

DEP. =( D’LONG × Cos M’LAT)

= (298.9 × Cos 38˚ 15.1’)
DEP. = 234.7 E

Tan Co. = (DEP. / D’LAT)

= (234.7/246.9)
COURSE = N 43˚ 32.9’ E

DISTANCE =( D’LAT × Sec Co.)

= (246.9 × Sec 43˚ 32.9’
DISTANCE = 340.6 M