TERRESTRIAL NAVIGATION

BSC SEM I
UNIT 5– DAY’S WORK
DAYS WORK
 DAY’S WORK
• The name “Day’s Work” arises from the fact that it is a record of what
the ship has done during the day.
• We are given what is practically an incomplete page out of a log
book, and have to deduce information from it and answer questions
relating to it.
• Day’s work is a summary of the ship’s passage from 1200 hours on
one day to 1200 hours the next day (ship’s time).
• All compass courses given in the question must be turned into true
courses by applying the leeway, if any, also the deviation for the
ship’s head and the variation for the geographical position of the
ship.
 DAY’S WORK (contd.)
• Day’s work is a nautical form of day book keeping, dealing with the
ship, her course and speed instead of cash values.
• The system is to reduce each course and distance into its two
components – difference of latitude and departure, not by the
formula dlat=distance . cos co and dep = distance . sin co, but by
inspection of the traverse table which has been specially compiled
for the purpose.
• The summation of all dlats and all the deps gives a definite amount
of Northing or Southing, Easting or Westing, the resultant of which
is the balance of the day’s work.
DAY’S WORK (contd.)
(24.7)
Dep B
C
W
18.3
D’lat
A

E N

S
E
 To Find the Course and Distance
Quadrantal Distance D’Lat Dep.
Courses N S E W
S 50ﾟE 31 - 19.9 23.7 -
S 22ﾟW 29 - 26.9 - 10.9
S 67ﾟE 36 - 14.1 33.1 -
N 15ﾟW 82 79.2 - - 21.2
79.2 60.9 56.8 32.1
60.9 32.1
D’Lat 18.3N Dep. 24.7 E
D’Lat 18.3 N, Dep 24.7 E, gives Course N 53.5ﾟE, Dist.
30.7 miles.
Enter Traverse Table with 183 and 247 and get 307 –
call it 30.7.

To Find the D.R Position

Left A Lat 39ﾟ40’ N Long 40ﾟ30’ W
D Lat 0ﾟ 18.3 N D’Long 32.2 E
Final B Lat 39ﾟ58.3’N Long 39ﾟ57.8’W
½ D Lat 0ﾟ 9 N
Mean Lat 39ﾟ49’N
To find D’Long: Enter Traverse Table in the parallel
Sailing Columns with mean Lat 40ﾟ,
Dep. 247 (instead of 24.7) and
Find in D’Long Column 322 (call it 32.22)
Answer: Course 053.5ﾟT Lat. 39ﾟ58.3’N
Distance 30.7 miles Long 39ﾟ57.8’N
 ORDER OF WORK
1. Decide precisely what is required in the question. Is
the starting position required? Is the set and drift
required? The type of question will determine the
manner in which the work is laid out.
2. Apply variation and deviation (or compass error)
and convert courses to True Quadrantal notation.
Apply leeway as necessary.
3. Obtain distances on each course.
4. List current set and drift.
5. Obtain reversed bearing and distance of starting
position if applicable.
6. Draw up Day’s Work Grid.
7. Fill in the appropriate spaces on the grid – items2 –
5 above.
8. Inspect Traverse Tables. Extract D’Lat and Dep. for
each course and enter in grid.
9. Total up D’Lats and name North or South.
10.Total up Deps. and name East or West.
11. Apply total D’Lat to initial Lat in order to obtain
final Latitude.
12.Calculate Mean Latitude = (Initial + Final Lat)/2 or
(Initial Lat ± D’Lat/2).
13.Convert total Dep. into D’Long using Mean Lat
either by inspection or by formula.
Dep. × Sec Lat = D’Long
14.Apply D’Long to initial Long to find final Long
15.Using Dep and D’Lat find Course and distance by
inspection of Traverse Tables or by Formula.

Dep = D’Long × cos Mean Lat

Dep = tan course
D’Lat
Distance = D’Lat × sec course
 On 12th June noon, a vessel in position Lat 46°
14.6’ N; Long 062° 44.4’ E set course as follows:
12th June 1200 – Co 017° (G) speed 14.5 knots
a/c 2000 – Co 081° (G) speed 15 knots
13 Jun a/c 0400 – Co 103° (G) speed 16 knots
a/c 0700 – Co 055° (G) speed 15 knots.
Vessel continued thus till 13th Jun noon. Gyro Error is
1° Low. Find the D/R position at 13th noon?
 True Course Dist D’lat Dep
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0(T) (NM) N S E W
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1200 – 2000 N 018 E 116 110.3 35.8
2000 – 0400 N 082 E 120 16.7 118.8
0400 – 0700 S 076 E 48 11.6 46.6
0700 – 1200 N 056 E 75 41.9 62.2
----------------------------------------------------
157.3’ N 263.4’ E
= 2° 37.3’ N
½ D’lat = 157.3 / 2 = 78.65’
Mean-lat = 47° 33.25’ N
Departure = D’long x Cos Mean-lat
D’long = Departure/ Cos (Mean-lat)
= 263.4 / Cos (47° 33.25’)
= 390.284’ = 6° 30.3’ E
Initial Lat 46 14.6 N Initial Long 062 44.4 E
D’lat 02 37.3 N D’long 6 30.3 E
---------------------------------- -----------------------------------
Arrival Lat 48 51.9 N Arrival Long 069 14.7 E
Arrival Position is 48° 51.9’ N; 069° 14.7’ E (Ans.)
A Vessel sailed from lat.27°12’N, Long178° 42’E doing
15 kts by engines. She steered 067°(C), [Dev3°E], for
10 hrs. Course was then altered to 096°(C)[Dev1°E] &
this course was maintained for 8 hrs. Thereafter she
steered 230°(C)[Dev3°W] for another 6 hrs. Find the
position arrived, if she experienced a current setting
324°(T) at 2.5 Kts throughout. Also find the course &
distance she made good. Variation7°W throughout.
 1st Course 2nd 3rd Course Current
Course
Comp. Co 067° (C) 096° (C) 230° (C)
Dev. 3° E 1° E 3° W
Mag. Co 070° (M) 097° (M) 227° (M)
Var. 7° W 7° W 7° W
True Co 063° (T) 090° (T) 220° (T) 324° (T)
Course N63° E East S40° W N36° W
Dist. 150 M 120 M 90 M 60 M
T Co. Dist. D’Lat Dep.
N S E W
N63°E 150 68.1 - 133.7 -
East 120 - - 120 -
S40°W 90 - 68.9 - 57.9
N36°W 60 48.5 - - 35.3
116.6 68.9 253.7 93.2
Resultant d’lat = 116.6’N – 68.9S = 47.7’N
Resultant dep. = 253.7’E–93.2W = 160.5’E
Dep Lat = 27°12.0’N
d’lat = 47.7’N
Arrived lat. = 27°59.7’N
Mean lat. = 27°36.0’N
Dep. × Sec Lat = D’Long = 181.1’E = 3°01.1’E
Dep long : 178°42.0’E
D’long : 3°01.1’E
Arrived long: 181°43.1’E = 178°16.9’W
Arrived EP : 27°59.7’N, 178°16.9’W
Tanco=dep/dlat=160.5/47.7=3.3648 thus co=N73°27’E
Dist = dlat×Sec co = 47.7×Sec73°27’=167.4miles
Jan 11th at noon departure was taken from a point
with the Lizard pt Lt in position 49° 58’ N 5° 12’ W
bearing 034°© distance 15 miles. Var & Dev as per
log. Ship’s head on her first course of 214° ©.
SMT Compass Log Wind Leewa Dev. Remarks
course y
Find the
1200 214°C 0 SE 3° 8° EVariation 21°
1700 219°C 38 SE by S 2° 7°E W
CMG and
2100 299°C 73 SW 2° 1°W
A current set DMG noon
the ship 294° T.
2400 299°C SW 2° 1°W 26nm during to noon and
0100 290°C 104 SW by 4° 3°W the day. position at
S
0500 184°C 132 W by S 0° 6°E noon on
0900 198°C 158 W 3° 6°E 12th Jan. T
Reversed com brg. of Lizard(034) 214°C – 13° C.E.
= 201°T = S21°W dlat = 14.0 S Dep = 5.4 W
Lat of Lizard 49° 58’ N Long 5° 12’ W
Dlat 14’ S Dlong 8.4’ W
Lat of ship 49° 44’ N Long of ship 5°20.4’ W
Corrected Dis N S E W
Co. t
Answers Co. S45°W
204° S24°W 38 34.7 15.5 225°T
207°T S27°W 35 31.2 15.9 Dist.153.5’
279°T N81°W 31 4.8 30.6 EP = 47°56’N 8°05.7’W
270°T West 28 28.0
169°T S11° E 26 25.5 5.0
180°T South 32 32.0
294°T N 26 10.6 23.8
66°W
15.4 123.4 5.0 113.8
Dlat. 108.0 Dep 108.
 On 1st February noon time a vessel was 5 N mile South East of position lat 35° 40’ N
long 080° 30’ E, Steamed following courses.
• 1200 hrs course was 045°(T) and 1800 hour next alteration was 120°(T), Engine
breakdown took place between 2000 hour to 2100 hour and clocks were retarded by 01
hour at mid- night. Next alteration was made at 0300 hour as 170° (T) and vessel
steered same course till 2nd Feb noon time. Throughout sailing vessel’s engine speed
was 12 knot and current was setting west at rate of 3 knots. Find out EP on 2nd
February noon time, CMG and DMG