DEAERATOR CONSTRUCTION

S.Senthil
 WHAT IS MEANT BY DEAEARTION?

 Deaeration is the process of removal of

oxygen, Carbon di oxide and other non
condensible gases from boiler feed water
thereby reducing the risk of corrosion in the
pressure parts of the boiler.
 Deaeration of two types namely Mechanical
Deaeration and Chemical Deaeartion
 Mechanical deaeration works on the principle
of Henry’s law of physics
WHAT FOR DEAERATION
 In particular, dissolved oxygen in boiler feedwaters
will cause serious corrosion damage in steam
systems by attaching to the walls of metal piping
and other metallic equipment and
forming oxides (rust).
 Water also combines with any dissolved carbon
dioxide to form carbonic acid that causes further
corrosion.
WHY DEAERATE BOILER FEEDWATER?

 Water is heated during deaeration to near the

temperature of the boiler water, thus minimizing the risk
of thermal shock.
 The deaerating process removes noncondensible gases
(oxygen and carbon-dioxide) which tend to act as
insulators inhibiting the transfer of heat within the boiler.
 Removal of corrosive oxygen and carbon-dioxide
controls corrosion within the boiler and piping, extending
the life expectancy of the system and reducing
maintenance cost.
 Higher temperature feed water reduces the drop in
boiler operating pressure which can occur when cold
water is added.
 Mechanical deaeration can reduce the amount of
chemical consumables used for water conditioning in
turn cost saving.
 HENRY’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
 At a constant temperature, the amount of given gas
dissolved in a given type and volume of liquid is
directly proportional to the partial pressure of that
gas in equilibrium with that liquid .
 The law further states that the solubility of gas in a
particular temperature is proportional to the
pressure of that gas above the liquid.
 HENRY’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

 An everyday example of Henry's law is

given by carbonated soft drinks. Before the
bottle or can is opened, the gas above the
drink is almost pure carbon dioxide at a
pressure slightly higher than atmospheric
pressure. The drink itself contains dissolved
carbon dioxide. When the bottle or can is
opened, some of this gas escapes and
giving the hiss sound.
 HENRY’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE
 Because the pressure above the liquid
is now lower, some of the dissolved
carbon dioxide comes out of solution
as bubbles. If a glass of the drink is left
in the open, the concentration of
carbon dioxide in solution will come
into equilibrium with the carbon dioxide
in the air, and the drink will go "flat".
 The easiest way to deaerate the boiler
feed water by forcing the steam into the
feed water, this action is called
SCRUBBING.
 The feed water entering the deaerator is
heated to the saturation temperature
corresponding to the steam pressure
maintained in the deaerator. This will
reduce the solubility of dissolved gas in the
water to zero.
 TYPES OF DEAERATORS
1. Spray type
2. Spray cum tray type
3. Vacuum type
SPRAY TYE DEAERATOR
SPRAY WITH TRAY TYPE DEAERATOR
 DEAERATION PROCESS DESCRIPTION

 Deaeration is based on two scientific principles.

 The first principle can be described by Henry's
Law. Henry's Law asserts that gas solubility in a
solution decreases as the gas partial pressure
above the solution decreases.
 The second scientific principle that governs
deaeration is the relationship between gas
solubility and temperature. Easily explained, gas
solubility in a solution decreases to almost zero
as the temperature of the solution rises and
approaches saturation temperature.
 DEAERATION PROCESS DESCRIPTION
A deaerator utilizes both of these
natural processes to remove dissolved
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other
non-condensable gases from boiler
feed water. The feed water is sprayed
in thin films into a steam atmosphere
allowing it to become quickly heated to
saturation temperature.
 DEAERATION PROCESS DESCRIPTION
 Spraying feed water in thin films
increases the surface area of the liquid
in contact with the steam, which, in
turn, provides more rapid oxygen
removal and lower gas concentrations.
This process reduces the solubility of
all dissolved gases and removes it
from the feed water. The liberated
gases are then vented from the
deaerator.
 OUR PLANT DEAERATOR
 It is of spray and trays type deaerator consist of a feed
water storage tank and vapour tank with vent condenser.
 Water is sprayed from the top of vapour tank through ten
spray nozzles on set of multi level perforated trays below it
for easy and complete scrubbing with steam .
 Steam is fed in storage tank through distribution header
below the water level. Partial scrubbing of steam with
water takes place by raising the water temperature(Since
solubility of gases like oxygen carbon dioxide decreases
with increase in water temperature).
 OUR PLANT DEAERATOR

The complete removal of gases taking place in

vapour tank with incoming water spray. Water
sprayed from the top (fixed in two headers with
five nozzles in each to spray the CEP water into
fine particles covering entire cross section of the
tank) and passed through perforated SS trays at
different levels to provide enough scrubbing of
water with upcoming steam from storage tank
through interconnection pipe.
 OUR DEAERATOR TECHNICAL DATA
 Integral,thermal-mechanical deaerator of spray and
tray type (multi level trays)
 Water is sprayed through 10 nozzles arranged in two
rows with 5 nozzles.
 Heating and scrubbing action removes all the
dissolved gases.
 With mechanical deaeration DO level : 20 to 30ppb
 With chemical deaeration DO level :5 to 10ppb

 Chemical used : Cortrol-Carbo hydrazide

 OVER VIEW OF DEAERTOR

Vent Condenser

Condensate
Vapour Tank from CEP

Storage Tank

Feed water
to BFP
 Steam inlet to vent condenser
Condensate outlet from
vent condenser

trays

deaerated Water to storage tank

Steam Inlet

VAPOUR TANK
VAPOUR TANK TRAYS
SS Tray Middle

SS Tray
Outer
 VENT CONDENSER CUT SECTION

Vent to atmosphere

DM water
(Condensate) DM
Outlet Water(condensate)
from CEP

Steam Inlet
Condensate
outlet
DEAERATOR TECHNICAL DATA
 Design pressure : 6 Ksc
 Hydraulic test pressure : 9 Ksc

 Working pressure : 2 to 2.5 Ksc

 Safety valve Lifting pressure (LHS): 5.57Ksc

 Safety valve Lifting pressure (RHS): 5.93Ksc

Thank you