NUMBER OF NOUNS
RULE 11: Some nouns keep the same spelling in the plural form.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
luggage luggage sheep sheep
furniture furniture deer deer (or deers)
evidence evidence shrimp shrimp (or shrimps)
jewelry jewelry fish fish (or fishes)
RULE 12: Nouns borrowed from foreign languages have their own plural forms,
but some of these have acceptable plural forms ending in -s
Singular Plural Other plural Singutar Plural
addendum | addenda | addendums | | alumnus | alumni
focus foci focuses alumna | alumnae
radius: radii radiuses erratum: errata,
cactus cacti cactuses bacterium bacteria
octopus ‘octopi ‘octopuses monsieur | messieurs
curriculum curricula curriculums madame mesdames
phenomenon | phenomena | phenomenons stratum, strata
criterion, citeria criterions analysis analyses
nebula nebulae nebulas basis bases
bandeau | bandeaux | bandeaus stimulus | stimuliRULE 13: Some nouns have more than one plural form, wherein each form has its
‘own meaning.
Singular Phural
indexes — lists of topics or names in a book
index
indices ~ mathematical numbers or symbols
appendixes ~ body part at the lower right abdomen
appendix | appendices ~ sections at the end of the book that provides
additional information
data ~ basis for reasoning or inference
datum
datums ~ mathematical basis for calculating or measuring
dies ~ cutting tools used in machines
die
dice ~ small numbered cubes used in games
{geniuses ~ people with high intelligence ratings
genius