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EusopMaest 209 Anthropological analyses help to elucidate the ‘gender ideo! ral ideologies attached to and defining those bodies fy Braiian document the processes of identifying embodied deste takes precedence over gender identity in forming travesti subjectivi ‘ravestis’ feelings preference pv fron baving, their bodies read as sufficiently feminine by to be used 2s 2 *passive” and therefore ly feminine sex object. These feelings move young, males to identify as ugh silicone injections and hocmones, bue maint ing their male organs. “al boxly’s evidence is denied and gendered evidence. For In USS, transgender narcti selves are accomplished des some transgendered individu ff the dissonance it exeates (Cromwell 1999), For ‘work on transgendered selves, including butle and bijra, identities and the inconsistency of selves that are i feeling ke a woman are :mbodied practices that mas sual acts such “real” ation through removable of external gent te the performance of gender theough dress, make-up and movement, According, practices create a multiplicity of different axes from which to craft India. F understandings and meanings (see for example, Bester fp mascine females in Southeast and East Asia dem sare used to define a variey of masculine Sinnott 2004; Wierings et al. 2007). bodies of omboisin West Sumatra, Indonesia, ap “Fombois, who are female-bodied, express endered identities, and aang that instance reflects or wears the this ease their embodiedwasveng IStAy Mt SIOMMOE, roquot soy Sampo 9x6 .S19p109, sap 9} pasiyd ay. a2eds aenosou sompoq sites payaoun Apog paysen srouannd gnseaao> soe YS Jo 8uDs © 20} bie tmay 10 A980 se ypns ‘suonesus jeaphyd 2sau, suoRDe peste oy ase py. 2 f09 p28 jog 07 toanponth says uy Vonestas pu wowarout ‘Gunoay bofnomn sosuueS ae ipoq ap Buy 20 ‘outdo Spo = 5 Poors Sapa 99 9 385 Sooqruonod ,togeas posuapon day ratniga panvoudeos Jaanaigns dts ayn ston wonuene 3128 rg poe ag890Kn sey GOREN “anssp Sugino = Guapiqns roxrpes90> (von aniaalgns seynbiny ‘edagy 6m {201 “9007 sage uondanaad go sopour jo ajquasus 21, 02 s13p24 so pure adres gee paropust ye ype sy sovede Kagamtowioo pu Ary pis aout Kup UBC Jo uosio © Ruxonpoudas pur yam SuceBuo ‘soeds auozayyp oy suomtsod 3: yp dv aye suoquon sb Tatho se AES af 39] sOprsuoD Soe aR 38 Jo aE Syges © Sunejmorte auc -paxeogdasooum 10u s} ou se FumvoNssod- TPs s}OqWOE (oroe ) soqeway SugosEW Zoy plE uadoN UaoA02q YORTEMNE xas-2UrES 30) ofa pious YIU a WOH POAIDP .!GSP]q PION. fen aio) agp AMde ou op doug Ng “FLOR purse, usRoIt> a fea gp pre Sn © 35 poomypuit 228) Sys 0p fens ips dessus ay 2e pue ssoup Samp op sO sosjasutp 40 Bugeode Uy "es>0pU Jo SOW $4029" 5 Jo tlond>odos aweasuop Ajjearfojeapr 242 naw 9 Yonyss Aq oe, 430 2a o1 ues fey ots senpepur po4pag, peers ze reg 38344 Sep stOgNIOT, AUAMIDEIHNg aNY LNSTGORIET 1 anstoxSauen pure paypaqurs Go aanpadarad aot siayo Surpreasiapun 2 xp a vomit sq “dn caps soqitea poe a@payKouy spoq_wzemsaq vor Py sages sf anelgns fn 2430) 2 "909 yo Azoaya & doxaaap 1 roquten ‘a¥payH01ry spoq 204 5G “PaRy 10U SH Soinpueasepts pee 29pead fo aouspus siago 2p2ywoUry spoq sjoqtor 3534p 40 doommvi maa OTTi ii a ait (ruansjcenne: Towsor samopesent 213 and awkwardness, of not being oneself, thar made it difficult to interact with others [properly In contact wearing boys’ clothes allowed ther to be visible as boys and Treited responses ftom others that were appropriate for boys. Consequently, doing boys" activities and wearing boys" clothes constructed a particular feeling and expesi ence of pend: ume to be embodied physically as the truth oftheir gender ‘Discussing their lives as adults, comboisT interviewed explained that they have the ileges and freedom of movement as other young men. Dedi suid, “My family ‘whomever T want.” Tommi, who also lived at ie family home, told me, “Since I was lite 1 hung out with guys so my ‘only understands that ’m more like a guy. After high schoo! J was given my freedom because I promised to protect myself... [can go out at night, like guys do. And T ca alvo sleep wherever I want t0 like guys.” Dedi said chac her habit of sleeping “here ly recognizes S/he is often away fom home visiting other tombois or 1p (arn). Toros abilities to. mave frcely in space and to sleep Wherever peivileges, signify their masculinity and their owledgement of that masculinity self nacratives underscore their postession of characteristics that are 2ss0 Iaid claim to men’s feelings, characceristis, spisit/sout sipated in ne bebavioes thas are smoking and staying out late with- is no difference berween me ‘s/he does not see anything womanly in the characteristics associated with men and the rombois, sande themselves in ply rooted ulnity is dey is perfecly scveptable. 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Here Dedi recalls h/er female-body as part of b/erself, giving voice to a cultural expectation that female bodies pradiace female ways of knowing, “Having a female body then is not seen asa contradiction of her masculinity but as part of h/et self, n/er experiences and h/er understanding of the world. ‘constantly manage community space in ways that maintain cheir mas ity yer adhere 10 certain norms of femininity, When I visited Tor ‘with Deal, I was surprised because Dedi would not smoke. Wh se would not smoke, s/he only said, “Sega Segan refers to a feeling of relue tance or hesitation to do something that might be cons instance we were in a café ran by Tommi, Ded’ close fi siblings, who also knew Dedi, were working there as well, While Dedi had rold me that tombois ean smoke because i is what men do, s/he was not operating under chat principe inthis space. Instead s/he was reluctant to be seen smoking ina place where people knew her and might report back to Dedi’s family about b/er smoking. Het feluctance in this space is due to extensive kin and community networks that make it likely someone s/fe knows will see h/es. After much pressure from me, because we that a tomboi was refusing to smoke, Deui finally cook a drag om nor’ the eigacette under the rable, Del told me that whether s nf the chances of h/er fa In tis context s/he avoids ie eventually cause her family shame, Being segan then reflects, atthe thought of embarrassing family, which cakes priority nse of being a man who smokes. ine behaviors within household anc 10 be read as women through others’ le doing vo and was very careful to hide smokes or not depends marks her as 2 woman and ed that way. 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In this manner ties and the sense also strategically manipu- shemselves things ng, may be (cnanis}aexpi: Tomsot EMsopiNENT 221 "Tombois in Padang take up and embody differing and sometimes contrastive sub ject positions in different contexts, Theit positionalty may be different than other smen but at the same time ie dacs not mean they fel less masculine or manly. Theie ‘ongoing interpretation of and responses to the weight of embodied (eclings are dependent on the particular social contexts or spaces in which these feelings arse, For a4 for all genders, the boundaries are blurted. There is no “veal” man os * woman, as Butler (1990) cogently argued, that tombois mimic or eject but “something mich more complex, The complexity and contingency of gendered subject positions, s expressed by tombois, negates the “naturalness” of binary categories and elf contained! bodies. Ieasks that we see ourselves nots simply “men” and “women” but as people winose identities are multiple, ambiguous and contingent. ACKNOWLEDGMENT ‘Pacts of this chapter were developed fiom material published in “rans-Identcis and Contingent Masculinites; Being Tombois in Everyday Practice,” Feminist Sowdier 35(3), 2009. REFERENCES Anzaltia, Gloria, 1987 Borderandls/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, San Francisco: Sint esier, Niko, 2002 Tesbagenderis rerican Hehnologist 29: 534-51 ‘Blackwood, Evelyn, 2010 Baling into the Lesbi World: Desire and Difference in Indonesis. rescy of laa Press 1990. The Logie of Practice, Richard Nice, eons. Stanford: Stanford ‘Locality andthe Miss Galey Beauty Pageant in Tongs 90. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Tdentipy. New York Rowtedge eson, 1999 Transinen and FIM: Identities, Bodies, Genders and Sexualtes versity of Hinois Press. Davies Sharon Graham, 2007 Challenging Gender Norms: Five Genders among the Bagis in Indonesia. Helmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth Dorhain, Don L, 1998” Erecing South Afca: The “Modernization” of Male-nle Sexuality Soweto, Cultura Aathzopology 1341): $21 1990 "Reroting Sex, Gender, Power and Difference! Gendes in Istn hae, Jets and Margaret Lock, hrepology of Material Life. Margaret Lock pp. 1-26. Durham, NC: Dake rivers Pres. 1008 Traves. Sex, Gender andpanes somouay, anjnoqoyy Gutkpoquez SOINONHD Cl sBpopner OK AN, vase 2999 GOT "D_PHHY “ART pruning Se aiou pp ass lg pur Lapensag anwapy PED UORAY Rigen ang UGONL | £661 "5? ‘s TL aay HELA SGO>UL an 808 sanagag of teow Fen39§ 7 eaSevet] poe fav “POOMAEE SONTGYEN TVNOLLIGTY pestousy, Soren 2007 PHN 20702 ney J SINE POU a sdevoge x us ang poe asap BPRS ACR UE, routs SI] OBIE 26 oe po sp00g wf Anopy eg Buaenang 9G oT PRAEE Ha SOOT eID AP oowsova nstasa TCEainas “pea Hoan “OSSEGL NOLLOW@ NV ATaS ‘ANI NO SAVSSE Asoayy ainyjngBiot ) uidoanap 24 papper Suyop Jo ip B40) Ys# 01 0 MOQ, 5m, = aon AIOTOIP a ay aBuws 3909 ysoddo yous “ye PINSON “Z a1aUPW Suyoof pun fjos fo ojodoaysuy wy paso. sTOWARD AN ANTI perso 1e of the deepest and sur symptoms and the was heard and sect we chains and established smut es, Su jah theorists concerned ss pany a seemingly desiren> aM — SU aauuos fFuo req 2909294 jo asuss ve sayes a 19 yous 0 sti24 ur Soe iio pa | jos a4) ASM SU aoe un pUE 804 WOM) JO PS ey ay) ur S124 we ame AayL OM JO | 2) Toye UlD4) 5 smu. "Soa0ul 5 ng, 2yt Sep Jo Spon aq Jo Sit asneoag sitnoaae sisqdeaouyp9 wt papso: SKeaje “uot “S} 21min “pHom s,s019" goad *20u9uaqoo Jo Sunreu a4 1H mou of 209 94 FEY Mh ssowns ond 3 sa. pun “8 St pe Jo aij 40 auisap Auap 01 24H SRL Aq pOrgaHEHY,,.SSHNOUAWAAY., UPsisxypue foun Te4y 9u 0} StH = oui B anoad Ae wes CHays ‘Sauls3p 24} PU “pooly "S999} “UDWIS © Bin Sat §,47a!905 30 Sudyor se usas9s‘s9pod pasoddo 2 0 Wwsun 2 worl |‘and our mebody slights me. I respond “understand what happened ancland, second, and why they outside a social whole but rather 0! ous ad egorl sssound soajasiuiayy aouaysou2 weurgjgosd w 405 ‘Smt “J]28 94) JO SBUIALIS aiyessiguyio 0} 29u989}94 £-12gp 8 steppee complex. tibal — ld be booth of these Cultural a speci suffered from failure to ‘und TOWARD AN ANT ‘our sight (0 J persons. go beyond a set of classic answers that repe the deep ways in which weate.aot individuals fi Notes “This chapter has grown out of refi graph Kaowledge and Passion (19800; in 60 areaking about the sense in which cultural anal reading Wa ing completion of sy. mone: reading an accounts of fellow at ISSRC conference vn Comets rweder and Robert A. For classic sources on cognitive dissonanes, 4, D’Andrale's sie study inhi rh research and psychologists. fare relevant shared by relations theorists lorow (1978) for an extremely uscful discuss ations theory’ to Goffman's “face work” in i of these writers, there is an ambi ceomstructs are intended to D thus the product of strictly ots and prob factors are Op 1jessanjun uo 30m snowy] 0} “seamed "uauaRlWe> Y SuIEHOP ‘uo "953109 JO “9t og ‘vst 04) (ON) 2UOHE7, 295 “ALAIIAO ~ MG D0 x01 # 304 “GLO ano Jo Teds xn 30 (7961) APNIS ASSP 8. sofues Siu 20 youoted wex2por 2M jon siyi “@ s24dey3 “wowo}os) "S918 ayes uot putswo} swoneuyjau! pue SwORT ‘jiowe s2ouatayip 2gh98ap OF Hu rj ai Jo uonnaiquos 940 “WHO s1s paouadirel ONAL Szipenidsau0za1 0} si wn S ‘ose 235 (O16 1) aun “¥2 ns ue (pet? SIs “N80 3 jayne £30 'Y UOS6t jj aU qe 12 pe 2 pIvos 21909 "H fsinay 440201 oy symdonlde F409, PJ0 jadad asaut 0 Susu 104 240References all hem. D. y Press. * don Press. 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New York: Columbia University Press Kardiner, Frontiersaay °F noun puriaas axv 4738 40 SHAN NV cIVOL pasqurns, ceca socg os 3919 AHO sso DASE sso “A 3n9099% ‘syo0e] BOUAID "WHOA WIN WouON 108 HON sssang my uo) Fo AIOE Haan a cnet “ya yas aut tapos # 8 oxdwar edous 2 Duply ng 9 -9ULA2T WOT gion 238 oo Spon mon souDOS os-S861 WN nssaaqur] codeany “enres HL VOA MON outa) for 21a fo 1 song of 24)9 uP 96“) “SAMUS IAS ‘pa ssmea 1) “Cool 8 PATT suipiy 204 HL st HHO ja afere pur aWMYS "THEE aes oy 014.) 1 ISDN “92%,