Lec 1 - Surveying Drafting & Computations

30/09/2020
Advanced Engineering Survey

CE2122
Surveying Drafting and
FALL 2020
Computations
Credit Hours: 2+1 Lecture # 1
Lec # 1- Surveying Drafting & Computations by Talha Bin Tahir 2
Topography
The arrangement of the

natural and artificial
What is topography?
physical features of an
You may have heard and even used this word in your daily life. area.
Lec # 1- Surveying Drafting & Computations by Talha Bin Tahir 3 Lec # 1- Surveying Drafting & Computations by Talha Bin Tahir 4
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Topographic Survey
Topographic surveys are preliminary

(also known as pre-engineering)
surveys used to locate the horizontal
and vertical positions of natural and
What is topographic Survey? constructed surface features in a
HINT: It is related with the word topography
defined geographic area.
Mapping is a drawing term usually

reserved for small-scale graphics, often
depicting topographic and boundary
detail of relatively large areas of the
earth’s surface.
MAP
What is difference between maps and plans?

These two terms are used interchangeably but they are different from engineering point of view
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MAPS PLANS
Engineering-surveying plans, on the other
hand, not only show existing terrain (or
other) conditions, but can also depict
proposed alterations (i.e., designs) to the Small Scale Large Scale
existing landscape.
PLAN Only existing Terrain Proposed design alterations

Examples details of buildings,
Examples topographic maps, road profiles and route plans,
geological maps, climate maps,
municipal services and site
minerals maps engineering plans
Drawing Sheet Drawing Sheet Specifications
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Scale
Scale
Scale
Scale
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Precision
High Precision Low Precision
Plotter Precision = 0.5 mm Plotter Precision = 0.5 mm

Precision Scale chosen = 1:500 Scale chosen = 1:20000
Precision on field = Precision on field = ??? m
0.0005 x 500 = 0.25 m
How much precision you need in the field depends on the scale you choose
and plotting precision of the printer
Title Blocks & Symbols
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Countours
Contours are lines drawn

on a plan that connect
What are contours?
points having similar
Some of you must have heard this term from Engineering Surveying course elevations.
Characteristics of contours
Closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes.

Widely spaced contours indicate moderate slopes (spacing here is a relative
relationship).
Contours must be labeled to give the elevation value. Either each line is labeled
or every fifth line is drawn darker (wider) and it is labeled.
Contours are not shown going through buildings.
Contours crossing a built horizontal surface (roads, railroads) will be straight
parallel lines as they cross the facility.
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Characteristics of contours
Valley Lines
Ridge Lines
Valley Lines
Because contours join points of equal elevation, contour lines cannot cross.
(Caves present an exception.)
Contour lines cannot begin or end on the plan.
Depressions and hills look the same; the reader must note the contour value to
distinguish the terrain (some agencies use hachures or shading to identify
depressions).
Contours deflect uphill at valley lines and downhill at ridge lines. Line crossings are
perpendicular: U-shaped for ridge crossings; V-shaped for valley crossings.
Contour lines must close on themselves, either on the plan or in locations off the
plan. Valley Lines and Ridge Lines
How to make contours manually? How to make contours manually?

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Profiles and Cross sections

Computer generated contours
Using two methods: Triangular irregular network or uniform grid approach
What is the difference between these?
Profiles and Cross sections Profiles and Cross sections
Profiles Cross sections

Profiles Cross sections
Profiles are a series of elevations Cross sections are a series of

taken along a baseline at some elevations taken at right angles to
specified repetitive station a baseline at specific stations.
interval.
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Cross sections End Areas

Cut and Fill Cut and Fill
Thank You

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30/09/2020

Advanced Engineering Survey

Credit Hours: 2+1 Lecture # 1