According to the author of the article "All in the Genes?

", there is no intrinsic causality between genetics and

intelligence. The author analyses different aspects of biological determinism, and supplies many examples,
which illustrate aspects of this problem that are being discussed since the time when these ideas became
popular. He does not agree with biological determinist that the intellectual performance of a person depends on
genes inherited from his parents. There are a lot of different theories about intellectual capabilities. All these
theories reflect different points of views, depending on the period of time the authors of these theories lived.

The author argues for the theory that in the nineteenth century , artificial barriers in social hierarchy prevented
people from achieving higher intellectual performance. In the end of XX century, in most places these barriers
were removed by the democratic processes, and nothing artificial can stand between the natural sorting process
and social status of the people. These changes can not be considered as historical because the age of democracy
is just two hundred years , and the time when inequality between classes and between people was a natural
situation is almost as long as the history of the world .

The author insists that there is no connection between environmental differences and genetics. In support of his
idea the author state that any

Canadian student can perform better in mathematics than some ancient professors of mathematics. The author
comes to the conclusion that changes in a cultural environment are the main factor that determines level of
intellectual performance, not inherited combination of parent's genes . He argues that genetic differences that
appear in one environment may easily disappear in another. A theory that twins were raised in different social
conditions will have the same level of intellectual performance because identical genetics constitution was used
by the ideologist of biological determinism. The author rejects this theory because from his point of view, all
these cases cannot be considered as always reliable on a close look, in most cases, twins were raised by the
members of the same family or in other words, not in a diametrical opposite level of society. The author believes
that there is no convincing measure of the role of genes in influencing human behavioural variation.