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00828-001
SECTION
POWER –VS
converters (ADCs) DOWN
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD737 is a low power, precision, monolithic, true rms-to-dc The AD737 has both high (1012 Ω) and low impedance input
converter. It is laser trimmed to provide a maximum error of options. The high-Z FET input connects high source impedance
±0.2 mV ± 0.3% of reading with sine wave inputs. Furthermore, input attenuators, and a low impedance (8 kΩ) input accepts
it maintains high accuracy while measuring a wide range of rms voltages of up to 0.9 V while operating from the minimum
input waveforms, including variable duty cycle pulses and power supply voltage of ±2.5 V. The two inputs can be used
triac (phase) controlled sine waves. The low cost and small either single-ended or differentially.
physical size of the AD737 make it suitable for upgrading the The AD737 achieves 1% of reading error bandwidth, exceeding
performance of non-rms precision rectifiers in many applications. 10 kHz for input amplitudes from 20 mV rms to 200 mV rms,
Compared to these circuits, the AD737 offers higher accuracy at while consuming only 0.72 mW.
equal or lower cost.
The AD737 is available in two performance grades. The AD737J
The AD737 computes the rms value of both ac and dc input and AD737K grades operate over the commercial temperature
voltages, and is ac-coupled by adding an input capacitor. In this range of 0°C to 70°C. The AD737JR-5 is tested with supply
mode, the AD737 resolves input signal levels of 100 μV rms or voltages of ±2.5 V dc. The AD737A grade operates over the
less, despite variations in temperature or supply voltage. High industrial temperature range of −40°C to +85°C. The AD737 is
accuracy is maintained for input waveforms with crest factors of available in two low cost, 8lead packages: PDIP and SOIC_N.
1 to 3 and crest factors at 2.5% or less with respect to full-scale
input level. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
The AD737 has no output buffer amplifier, thereby significantly 1. Computes the average rectified, absolute, or true rms value
reducing dc offset errors occurring at the output and making of a signal regardless of waveform.
the device highly compatible with high input impedance ADCs. 2. Only one external component, an averaging capacitor, is
required for the AD737 to perform true rms measurement.
Requiring only 160 μA of power supply current, the AD737 is 3. The standby power consumption of 125 μW makes the
optimized for use in portable multimeters and other battery- AD737 suitable for battery-powered applications.
powered applications. In power-down mode, the standby supply
current in is typically 25 μA.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1 DC Error, Output Ripple, and Averaging Error .................... 14
Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 AC Measurement Accuracy and Crest Factor ........................ 14
General Description ......................................................................... 1 Calculating Settling Time .......................................................... 14
Product Highlights ........................................................................... 1 Applications Information .............................................................. 15
Revision History ............................................................................... 3 RMS Measurement—Choosing an Optimum Value for CAV 15
Specifications..................................................................................... 4 Rapid Settling Times via the Average Responding
Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 7 Connection.................................................................................. 15
Rev. J | Page 2 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
REVISION HISTORY
10/15—Rev. I to Rev. J Reorganized Applications Section ................................................ 14
Changes to General Description Section ....................................... 1 Added Scaling Input and Output Voltages Section .................... 14
Changes to Table 4 ............................................................................ 8 Deleted Application Circuits Heading ......................................... 16
Updated Typical Performance Characteristics Section Format; Changes to Figure 28 ...................................................................... 16
Reordered Figures ............................................................................. 9 Added AD737 Evaluation Board Section .................................... 18
Changes to Figure 4 to Figure 6....................................................... 9 Updated Outline Dimensions........................................................ 20
Change to Types of AC Measurement Section ...........................13 hanges to Ordering Guide ............................................................. 21
Changes to Figure 23 ......................................................................13
Changes to Figure 25 ......................................................................15 1/05—Rev. E to Rev. F
Added Additional Information Section .......................................16 Updated Format ................................................................. Universal
Changes to Figure 27 to Figure 31 ................................................17 Added Functional Block Diagram .................................................. 1
Change to Figure 38 ........................................................................20 Changes to General Description Section ....................................... 1
Changes to Pin Configurations and Function
6/12—Rev. H to Rev. I Descriptions Section ......................................................................... 6
Removed CERDIP Package............................................... Universal Changes to Typical Performance Characteristics Section ........... 7
Changes to Features, General Description, Product Highlights Changes to Table 4 .......................................................................... 11
Sections and Figure 1 ........................................................................ 1 Change to Figure 24 ........................................................................ 12
Changes to Table 1 ............................................................................ 3 Change to Figure 27 ........................................................................ 15
Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................ 6 Changes to Ordering Guide ........................................................... 18
Deleted Figure 3, Renumbered Sequentially ................................. 7
Changes to Figure 5, Figure 7, and Figure 8 Captions ................. 8 6/03—Rev. D to Rev. E
Changes to Figure 12 Caption ......................................................... 9 Added AD737JR-5 ............................................................. Universal
Changes to Figure 19 Caption .......................................................10 Changes to Features .......................................................................... 1
Changes to Figure 23 ......................................................................12 Changes to General Description ..................................................... 1
Changes to Figure 26 ......................................................................14 Changes to Specifications ................................................................ 2
Changes to Scaling the Output Voltage Section ..........................15 Changes to Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................ 4
Changes to Figure 27 ......................................................................16 Changes to Ordering Guide ............................................................. 4
Deleted Table 7 ................................................................................19 Added TPCs 16 through 19 ............................................................. 6
Updated Outline Dimensions ........................................................20 Changes to Figures 1 and 2 .............................................................. 8
Changes to Ordering Guide ...........................................................21 Changes to Figure 8 ........................................................................ 11
Updated Outline Dimensions........................................................ 12
10/08—Rev. G to Rev. H
Added Selectable Average or RMS Conversion Section and 12/02—Rev. C to Rev. D
Figure 27 ...........................................................................................14 Changes to Functional Block Diagram .......................................... 1
Updated Outline Dimensions ........................................................20 Changes to Pin Configuration......................................................... 4
Changes to Ordering Guide ...........................................................22 Figure 1 Replaced .............................................................................. 8
Changes to Figure 2 .......................................................................... 8
12/06—Rev. F to Rev. G Figure 5 Replaced ............................................................................ 10
Changes to Specifications ................................................................. 3 Changes to Application Circuits Figures 4, 6–8 .......................... 10
Reorganized Typical Performance Characteristics ....................... 8 Outline Dimensions Updated........................................................ 12
Changes to Figure 21 ......................................................................11
Reorganized Theory of Operation Section ..................................12 12/99—Rev. B to Rev. C
Rev. J | Page 3 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
SPECIFICATIONS
TA = 25°C, ±VS = ±5 V except as noted, CAV = 33 μF, CC = 10 μF, f = 1 kHz, sine wave input applied to Pin 2, unless otherwise specified.
Specifications shown in boldface are tested on all production units at final electrical test. Results from these tests are used to calculate
outgoing quality levels.
Table 1.
Test Conditions/ AD737A, AD737J AD737K AD737J-5
Parameter Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
ACCURACY
Total Error EIN = 0 to 0.2/0.3 0.4/0.5 0.2/0.2 0.2/0.3 ±mV/±POR1
200 mV rms
±VS = ±2.5 V 0.2/0.3 0.4/0.5 ±mV/±POR1
±VS = ±2.5 V, 0.2/0.3 0.4/0.5 ±mV/±POR1
input to Pin 1
EIN = 200 mV to −1.2 ±2.0 −1.2 ±2.0 POR
1 V rms
Over Temperature
JN, JR, KR EIN = 200 mV rms, 0.007 0.007 0.02 ±POR/°C
±VS = ±2.5 V
AN and AR EIN = 200 mV rms, 0.014 0.014 ±POR/°C
±VS = ±2.5 V
vs. Supply Voltage
EIN = 200 mV rms, 0 −0.18 −0.3 0 −0.18 −0.3 0 −0.18 −0.3 %/V
±VS = ±2.5 V to ±5 V
EIN = 200 mV rms, 0 0.06 0.1 0 0.06 0.1 0 0.06 0.1 %/V
±VS = ±5 V to
±16.5 V
DC Reversal Error DC-coupled, 1.3 2.5 1.3 2.5 POR
VIN = 600 mV dc
±VS = ±2.5 V 1.7 2.5 POR
VIN = 200 mV dc
Nonlinearity2 EIN = 0 mV to 0 0.25 0.35 0 0.25 0.35 POR
200 mV rms,
at 100 mV rms
Input to Pin 13 AC coupled, 0.02 0.1 POR
EIN = 100 mV rms,
after correction,
±VS = ±2.5 V
Total Error, EIN = 0 mV to 0.1/0.2 0.1/0.2 0.1/0.2 ±mV/±POR
External Trim 200 mV rms
ADDITIONAL CREST
FACTOR ERROR4
For Crest Factors CAV = CF = 100 μF 0.7 0.7 %
from 1 to 3
CAV = 22 μF, CF = 1.7 %
100 μF, ±VS = ±2.5 V,
input to Pin 1
For Crest Factors CAV = CF = 100 μF 2.5 2.5 %
from 3 to 5
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
High-Z Input (Pin 2)
Signal Range
Continuous RMS ±VS = +2.5 V 200 mV rms
Level
±VS = +2.8 V/−3.2 V 200 200 mV rms
±VS = ±5 V to 1 1 V rms
±16.5 V
Rev. J | Page 4 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
Test Conditions/ AD737A, AD737J AD737K AD737J-5
Parameter Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
Peak Transient Input ±VS = +2.5 V input ±0.6 V
to Pin 1
±VS = +2.8 V/−3.2 V ±0.9 ±0.9 V
±VS = ±5 V ±2.7 ±2.7 V
±VS = ±16.5 V ±4.0 ±4.0 V
Input Resistance 1012 1012 1012 Ω
Input Bias Current ±VS = ±5 V 1 25 1 25 1 25 pA
Low-Z Input (Pin 1)
Signal Range
Continuous RMS Level ±VS = +2.5 V 300 mV rms
±VS = +2.8 V/−3.2 V 300 300 mV rms
±VS = ±5 V to 1 1 V rms
±16.5 V
Peak Transient Input ±VS = +2.5 V ±1.7 V
±VS = +2.8 V/−3.2 V ±1.7 ±1.7 V
±VS = ±5 V ±3.8 ±3.8 V
±VS = ±16.5 V ±11 ±11 V
Input Resistance 6.4 8 9.6 6.4 8 9.6 6.4 8 9.6 kΩ
Maximum Continuous All supply voltages ±12 ±12 ±12 V p-p
Nondestructive
Input
Input Offset Voltage5 AC-coupled ±3 ±3 ±3 mV
Over the Rated 8 30 8 30 8 30 μV/°C
Operating
Temperature
Range
vs. Supply VS = ±2.5 V to ±5 V 80 80 80 μV/V
VS = ±5 V to ±16.5 V 50 150 50 150 μV/V
OUTPUT No load, output is
CHARACTERISTICS negative with
respect to COM
Output Voltage ±VS = +2.8 V/−3.2 V −1.6 −1.7 −1.6 −1.7 V6
Range
±VS = ±5 V −3.3 −3.4 −3.3 −3.4 V6
±VS = ±16.5 V −4 −5 −4 −5 V
±VS = ±2.5 V, input −1.1 –0.9 V6
to Pin 1
Output Resistance DC 6.4 8 9.6 6.4 8 9.6 6.4 8 9.6 kΩ
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
High-Z Input (Pin 2)
1% Additional Error VIN = 1 mV rms 1 1 1 kHz
VIN = 10 mV rms 6 6 6 kHz
VIN = 100 mV rms 37 37 37 kHz
VIN = 200 mV rms 33 33 33 kHz
3 dB Bandwidth VIN = 1 mV rms 5 5 5 kHz
VIN = 10 mV rms 55 55 55 kHz
VIN = 100 mV rms 170 170 170 kHz
VIN = 200 mV rms 190 190 190 kHz
Low-Z Input (Pin 1)
1% Additional Error VIN = 1 mV rms 1 1 1 kHz
VIN = 10 mV rms 6 6 6 kHz
VIN = 40 mV rms 25 kHz
VIN = 100 mV rms 90 90 90 kHz
VIN = 200 mV rms 90 90 90 kHz
3 dB Bandwidth VIN = 1 mV rms 5 5 5 kHz
VIN = 10 mV rms 55 55 55 kHz
VIN = 100 mV rms 350 350 350 kHz
VIN = 200 mV rms 460 460 460 kHz
Rev. J | Page 5 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
Test Conditions/ AD737A, AD737J AD737K AD737J-5
Parameter Comments Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Unit
POWER-DOWN MODE
Disable Voltage 0 0 V
Input Current, VPD = VS 11 11 μA
PD Enabled
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Voltage +2.8/ ±5 ±16.5 +2.8/ ±5 ±16.5 ±2.5 ±5 ±16.5 V
Range −3.2 −3.2
Current No input 120 160 120 160 120 160 μA
Rated input 170 210 170 210 170 210 μA
Powered down 25 40 25 40 25 40 μA
1
POR is % of reading.
2
Nonlinearity is defined as the maximum deviation (in percent error) from a straight line connecting the readings at 0 V and at 200 mV rms.
3
After fourth-order error correction using the equation
y = −0.31009x4 − 0.21692x3 − 0.06939x2 + 0.99756x + 11.1 × 10−6
where y is the corrected result and x is the device output between 0.01 V and 0.3 V.
4
Crest factor error is specified as the additional error resulting from the specific crest factor, using a 200 mV rms signal as a reference. The crest factor is defined as
VPEAK/V rms.
5
DC offset does not limit ac resolution.
6
Value is measured with respect to COM.
Rev. J | Page 6 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
Rev. J | Page 7 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
00828-004
6
POWER DOWN 3 TOP VIEW 6 OUTPUT
00828-002
(Not to Scale)
–VS 4 5 CAV
–VS 4 (Not to Scale) 5 CAV
Figure 2. SOIC_N Pin Configuration (R-8) Figure 3. PDIP Pin Configuration (N-8)
Rev. J | Page 8 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
0.3
100mV
1% ERROR
0.1
10mV 0
–0.1
–3dB
1mV
–0.3
10% ERROR
00828-005
100µV 00828-008 –0.5
0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±V)
Figure 4. Frequency Response Driving Pin 1, Low-Z Input Figure 7. Additional Error vs. Supply Voltage
(DC Output Polarity is Negative Going)
10V 16
CAV = 22µF, C F = 4.7µF, C C = 22µF DC COUPLED
14
INPUT/OUTPUT LEVEL (rms/|DC|)
10
100mV
PIN 1
8
1% ERROR PIN 2
10mV
6
10% ERROR 4
1mV
–3dB 2
00828-006
00828-009
100µV 0
0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±V)
Figure 5. Frequency Response Driving Pin 2, High-Z Input Figure 8. Peak Input Level for 1% Saturation vs. Supply Voltage
(DC Output Polarity is Negative Going)
10V 25
VS = ±2.5V,
CAV = 22µF, C F = 4.7µF, C C = 22µF
INPUT/OUTPUT LEVEL (rms/|DC|)
1V
20
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
100mV
15
10mV
10
1mV
00828-007
00828-020
100µV 5
0.1 1 10 100 1000 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
FREQUENCY (kHz) DUAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±V)
Figure 6. Frequency Response with ±2.5V Supplies when Driving Pin 1, Figure 9. Supply Current (Power-Down Mode) vs. Dual Supply Voltage
Low-Z Input (DC Output Polarity is Negative Going)
Rev. J | Page 9 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
6 10mV
3ms BURST OF 1kHz = AC-COUPLED
3 CYCLES
ADDITIONAL ERROR (% of Reading)
2
100µV
1 CAV = 100µF
00828-010
00828-013
CAV = 250µF
0 10µV
1 2 3 4 5 100 1k 10k 100k
CREST FACTOR (VPEAK /V rms) –3dB FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 10. Additional Error vs. Crest Factor Figure 13. RMS Input Level vs. –3 dB Frequency; Negative DC Output
0.8 1.0
VIN = 200mV rms
CAV = 100µF
0.6 0.5
ADDITIONAL ERROR (% of Reading)
CF = 22µF
0.4
ERROR (% of Reading)
0
0.2
–0.5
0
–1.0
–0.2
–1.5
–0.4
–2.0
00828-014
–0.6 CAV = 22µF, CC = 47µF,
00828-011
CF = 4.7µF
–0.8 –2.5
–60 –40 –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 10mV 100mV 1V 2V
TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT LEVEL (rms)
Figure 11. Additional Error vs. Temperature Figure 14. Error vs. RMS Input Level Using Circuit in Figure 29
500 100
VIN = 200mV rms
CC = 47µF
CF = 47µF
AVERAGING CAPACITOR (µF)
400
DC SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
300
10
200 –0.5%
100 –1%
00828-015
00828-012
0 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 10 100 1k
RMS INPUT LEVEL (V) FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 12. DC Supply Current vs. RMS Input Level Figure 15. Value of Averaging Capacitor vs. Frequency
for Specified Averaging Error
Rev. J | Page 10 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
1V 10nA
–0.5% 1nA
–1%
100mV
100pA
10pA
10mV
1pA
AC-COUPLED
00828-019
CAV = 10µF, CC = 47µF,
00828-016
CF = 47µF
1mV 100fA
1 10 100 1k –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
FREQUENCY (Hz) TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 16. RMS Input Level vs. Frequency for Specified Averaging Error Figure 19. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature
4.0 10V
VS = ±2.5V,
CAV = 22µF, CF = 4.7µF, CC = 22µF
3.5
1V
INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pA)
2.5
0.5%
10mV
2.0
10%
1mV –3dB
1.5
00828-021
1%
00828-017
1.0 100µV
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0.1 1 10 100 1000
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (±V) FREQUENCY (kHz)
Figure 17. Input Bias Current vs. Supply Voltage Figure 20. Error Contours Driving Pin 1
1V 5
CC = 22µF 3 CYCLES OF 1kHz CAV =
CF = 0µF 200mV rms
10µF
ADDITIONAL ERROR (% of Reading)
VS = ±2.5V
4 CC = 22µF
100mV CF = 100µF
CAV =
INPUT LEVEL (rms)
22µF
CAV = 10µF CAV =
CAV = 100µF 3
33µF
CAV =
10mV
CAV = 33µF 100µF
2
1mV CAV =
1 220µF
00828-022
00828-018
100µV 0
1ms 10ms 100ms 1s 10s 100s 1 2 3 4 5
SETTLING TIME CREST FACTOR
Figure 18. RMS Input Level vs. Settling Time for Three Values of CAV Figure 21. Additional Error vs. Crest Factor for Various Values of CAV
Rev. J | Page 11 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
1.0
0.5
0
ERROR (% of Reading)
–0.5
–1.0
–1.5
–2.0
00828-023
CAV = 22µF, VS = ±2.5V
CC = 47µF, CF = 4.7µF
–2.5
10mV 100mV 1V 2V
INPUT LEVEL (rms)
Rev. J | Page 12 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
THEORY OF OPERATION
The AD737 has four functional subsections: an input amplifier, external averaging capacitor, CF. In the rms circuit, this addi-
a full-wave rectifier, an rms core, and a bias section (see Figure 23). tional filtering stage reduces any output ripple that was not
The FET input amplifier allows a high impedance, buffered removed by the averaging capacitor.
input at Pin 2 or a low impedance, wide dynamic range input at Finally, the bias subsection permits a power-down function.
Pin 1. The high impedance input, with its low input bias This reduces the idle current of the AD737 from 160 µA to
current, is ideal for use with high impedance input attenuators. 30 µA. This feature is selected by connecting Pin 3 to Pin 7 (+VS).
The input signal can be either dc-coupled or ac-coupled to the
input amplifier. Unlike other rms converters, the AD737 TYPES OF AC MEASUREMENT
permits both direct and indirect ac coupling of the inputs. AC The AD737 measures ac signals either by operating as an
coupling is provided by placing a series capacitor between the average responding converter or by operating as a true rms-to-dc
input signal and Pin 2 (or Pin 1) for direct coupling and converter. As its name implies, an average responding converter
between Pin 1 and ground (while driving Pin 2) for indirect computes the average absolute value of an ac (or ac and dc)
coupling. voltage or current by full-wave rectifying and low-pass filtering
AC the input signal; this approximates the average. The resulting
CC = 10µF
+ output, a dc average level, is then scaled by adding (or reducing)
DC gain; this scale factor converts the dc average reading to an rms
equivalent value for the waveform being measured. For example,
OPTIONAL RETURN PATH
the average absolute value of a sine wave voltage is 0.636 times
CURRENT that of VPEAK; the corresponding rms value is 0.707 times VPEAK.
MODE
ABSOLUTE
Therefore, for sine wave voltages, the required scale factor is
VALUE 1.11 (0.707 divided by 0.636).
CC
In contrast to measuring the average value, true rms measure-
1 8
8kΩ COM
ment is a universal language among waveforms, allowing the
VIN
CF magnitudes of all types of voltage (or current) waveforms to be
+
10µF compared to one another and to dc. RMS is a direct measure of
(OPTIONAL
VIN 2 8kΩ 7 +VS LPF) the power or heating value of an ac voltage compared to that of
FET
OP AMP
a dc voltage; an ac signal of 1 V rms produces the same amount
IB < 10pA of heat in a resistor as a 1 V dc signal.
Mathematically, the rms value of a voltage is defined (using a
POWER 3 BIAS
DOWN SECTION
6
simplified equation) as
OUTPUT
COMMON
0.1µF
NEGATIVE SUPPLY –VS measured. As an example, if an average responding converter is
Figure 23. AD737 True RMS Circuit (Test Circuit) calibrated to measure the rms value of sine wave voltages and
then is used to measure either symmetrical square waves or dc
The output of the input amplifier drives a full-wave precision voltages, the converter has a computational error 11% (of
rectifier, which, in turn, drives the rms core. It is the core that reading) higher than the true rms value (see Table 5).
provides the essential rms operations of squaring, averaging,
and square rooting, using an external averaging capacitor, CAV. The transfer function for the AD737 is
Without CAV, the rectified input signal passes through the core VOUT = − Avg (VIN 2 )
unprocessed, as is done with the average responding connection
(see Figure 25). In the average responding mode, averaging is
carried out by an RC post filter consisting of an 8 kΩ internal
scale factor resistor connected between Pin 6 and Pin 8 and an
Rev. J | Page 13 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
DC ERROR, OUTPUT RIPPLE, AND AC MEASUREMENT ACCURACY AND
AVERAGING ERROR CREST FACTOR
Figure 24 shows the typical output waveform of the AD737 with The crest factor of the input waveform is often overlooked when
a sine wave input voltage applied. As with all real-world devices, determining the accuracy of an ac measurement. Crest factor is
the ideal output of VOUT = VIN is never exactly achieved; instead, defined as the ratio of the peak signal amplitude to the rms
the output contains both a dc and an ac error component. amplitude (crest factor = VPEAK/V rms). Many common
EO waveforms, such as sine and triangle waves, have relatively low
IDEAL
crest factors (≥2). Other waveforms, such as low duty cycle
EO pulse trains and SCR waveforms, have high crest factors. These
DC ERROR = EO – EO (IDEAL)
types of waveforms require a long averaging time constant to
average out the long time periods between pulses. Figure 10
AVERAGE EO = EO
shows the additional error vs. the crest factor of the AD737 for
DOUBLE-FREQUENCY various values of CAV.
RIPPLE 00828-026
Table 5. Error Introduced by an Average Responding Circuit When Measuring Common Waveforms
Crest Factor True RMS Reading of an Average Responding Circuit
Type of Waveform 1 V Peak Amplitude (VPEAK/V rms) Value (V) Calibrated to an RMS Sine Wave Value (V) Error (%)
Undistorted Sine Wave 1.414 0.707 0.707 0
Symmetrical Square Wave 1.00 1.00 1.11 11.0
Undistorted Triangle Wave 1.73 0.577 0.555 −3.8
Gaussian Noise (98% of Peaks <1 V) 3 0.333 0.295 −11.4
Rectangular 2 0.5 0.278 −44
Pulse Train 10 0.1 0.011 −89
SCR Waveforms
50% Duty Cycle 2 0.495 0.354 −28
25% Duty Cycle 4.7 0.212 0.150 −30
Rev. J | Page 14 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
RMS MEASUREMENT—CHOOSING AN OPTIMUM 1 C
COM 8
VALUE FOR CAV C
AD737
2 V 7
VINRMS +VS +2.5V
Because the external averaging capacitor, CAV, holds the rec- IN
1MΩ 3 6
tified input signal during rms computation, its value directly OUT VOUTDC
00828-039
errors due to nonideal averaging but increases the settling time –2.5V
approaching the decreased rms-computed dc value. Thus, Figure 26. CMOS Switch is Used to Select RMS or Average Responding Modes
diminishing input values allow the circuit to perform better
SELECTING PRACTICAL VALUES FOR CAPACITORS
(due to increased averaging) while increasing the waiting time
between measurements. A trade-off must be made between Table 6 provides practical values of CAV and CF for several
computational accuracy and settling time when selecting CAV. common applications.
RAPID SETTLING TIMES VIA THE AVERAGE The input coupling capacitor, CC, in conjunction with the 8 kΩ
RESPONDING CONNECTION internal input scaling resistor, determines the −3 dB low frequency
roll-off. This frequency, FL, is equal to
Because the average responding connection shown in Figure 25
does not use an averaging capacitor, its settling time does not 1
FL = (1)
vary with input signal level; it is determined solely by the RC 2π × 8000 × C C ( in Farads )
time constant of CF and the internal 8 kΩ output scaling
Note that, at FL, the amplitude error is approximately −30%
resistor.
(−3 dB) of reading. To reduce this error to 0.5% of reading,
choose a value of CC that sets FL at one-tenth of the lowest
8kΩ
CC 1
AD737
8
frequency to be measured.
COM
In addition, if the input voltage has more than 100 mV of dc
FULL-WAVE
RECTIFIER
7 +VS
+ CF offset, the ac coupling network at Pin 2 is required in addition
VIN 2
8kΩ
INPUT 33µF to Capacitor CC.
AMPLIFIER
POWER
3 BIAS 6 VOUT
SCALING INPUT AND OUTPUT VOLTAGES
DOWN SECTION
OUTPUT The AD737 is an extremely flexible device. With minimal
RMS
external circuitry, it can be powered with single- or dual-
–VS 4 5 CAV
CORE polarity power supplies, and input and output voltages are
independently scalable to accommodate nonmatching
POSITIVE SUPPLY +VS
input/output devices. This section describes a few such
0.1µF applications.
COMMON
00828-025
Rev. J | Page 15 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
Battery Operation 6V
R5 = = 48.1 kΩ (3)
All the level-shifting for battery operation is provided by 125 μA
the 3½ digit converter, shown in Figure 27. Alternatively, an Select the closest-value standard 1% resistor, 47.5 kΩ.
external op amp adds flexibility by accommodating nonzero
common-mode voltages and providing output scaling and offset Because the supply is 12 V, the common-mode voltage at the
to zero. When an external operational amplifier is used, the R7/R8 divider is 6 V, and the combined resistor value
output polarity is positive going. (R3 + R4) is equal to the feedback resistor, or 47.5 kΩ.
Figure 28 shows an op amp used in a single-supply application. R2 is used to calibrate the transfer function (gain), and R4 sets
Note that the combined input resistor value (R1 + R2 + 8 kΩ) the output voltage to zero with no input voltage.
matches that of the R5 feedback resistor. In this instance, the Perform calibration as follows:
magnitudes of the output dc voltage and the rms of the ac input 1. With no ac input applied, adjust R4 for 0 V.
are equal. R3 and R4 provide current to offset the output to 0 V. 2. Apply a known input to the input.
Scaling the Output Voltage 3. Adjust the R2 trimmer until the input and output match.
The output voltage can be scaled to the input rms voltage. For The op amp selected for any single-supply application must be a
example, assume that the AD737 is retrofitted to an existing rail-to-rail type, for example an AD8541, as shown in Figure 28.
application using an averaging responding circuit (full-wave For higher voltages, a higher voltage part, such as an OP196,
rectifier). The power supply is 12 V, the input voltage is 10 V can be used. When calibrating to 0 V, the specified voltage
ac, and the desired output is 6 V dc. above ground for the operational amplifier must be taken into
For convenience, use the same combined input resistance as account. Adjust R4 slightly higher as appropriate.
shown in Figure 28. Calculate the rms input current as ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
10 V For additional information about rms-to-dc conversions, see
I INMAG = = 125 µA = I OUTMAG (2)
69.8 kΩ + 2.5 kΩ + 8 kΩ the AN-268 Application Note or download the Analog Devices,
Inc., RMS to DC Conversion Application Guide.
Next, using the IOUTMAG value from Equation 2, calculate the new
feedback resistor value (R5) required for 6 V output using
Rev. J | Page 16 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
SWITCH CLOSED
+
ACTIVATES CC 1µF 20kΩ
POWER-DOWN 10µF
MODE. AD737 DRAWS +VS
JUST 40µA IN THIS MODE +
AD589 200kΩ 31/2 DIGIT ICL7136
1PRV 1.23V
CC COM TYPE CONVERTER
0.01µF 8kΩ AD737
VIN 200mV 1 8
50kΩ REF HIGH
1N4148
9MΩ
VIN FULL-WAVE +VS
2V RECTIFIER REF LOW
2
8kΩ
7 +V
900kΩ 47kΩ COMMON
INPUT
20V 1W AMPLIFIER
OUTPUT 1MΩ
90kΩ 1N4148
BIAS +
3 6 LOW
200V SECTION 9V
POWER
0.1µF ANALOG
10kΩ DOWN
–VS CAV
HIGH
4
RMS 5
CORE
1µF + –VS
00828-027
+ 33µF
4 –VS CAV 5 4
C3
0.01µF
5V
+
C4
CAV R7
2.2µF
33µF 100kΩ
2.5V
C5 + R8
00828-028
1µF 100kΩ
NC = NO CONNECT
Figure 28. Battery-Powered Operation for 200 mV Maximum RMS Full-Scale Input
CC
10µF 100Ω
+
SCALE FACTOR
ADJUST
COM
8kΩ AD737
CC 1 8
200Ω
FULL-WAVE
RECTIFIER +VS CF +
VIN 2
8kΩ
7
INPUT 10µF
AMPLIFIER
OUTPUT
POWER BIAS
3 6 VOUT
DOWN SECTION
–VS CAV
4
RMS 5
CORE
+
00828-029
CAV
33µF
Rev. J | Page 17 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
13 14
Q1
1kΩ
CC 12 3500PPM/°C
* PRECISION
10µF CC 8kΩ
+ AD737 RESISTOR
1 8 NC 60.4Ω CORP
COM
TYPE PT/ST
FULL-WAVE SCALE
RECTIFIER FACTOR
VIN 2 7 +VS 2kΩ
8kΩ TRIM
INPUT
AMPLIFIER
OUTPUT 31.6kΩ
POWER 3 BIAS 6 2
DOWN SECTION dB OUTPUT
AD711 6
100mV/dB
–VS CAV 3
4
RMS 5
CORE
*
+ 10 Q2 11
CAV
RCAL** R1** IREF 9
NC = NO CONNECT
*Q1, Q2 PART OF RCA CA3046 OR SIMILAR NPN TRANSISTOR ARRAY.
00828-030
4.3V
**R1 + R CAL IN Ω = 10,000 ×
0dB INPUT LEVEL IN V
OFFSET ADJUST
500kΩ
+VS –VS
1MΩ
1kΩ
CC COM 499Ω
8kΩ
1 AD737 8
1kΩ
SCALE
FULL-WAVE FACTOR
RECTIFIER ADJUST
VIN 2 7 +VS
INPUT
AMPLIFIER
00828-031
POWER
3 6 VOUT
DOWN
Rev. J | Page 18 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
00828-033
Figure 34. AD737 Evaluation Board—Component-Side Copper
00828-038
00828-034
Figure 35. AD737 Evaluation Board—Secondary-Side Copper
00828-032
00828-035
optional connections. The board is tested prior to shipment and
requires only a power supply connection and a precision meter to Figure 36. AD737 Evaluation Board—Internal Power Plane
perform measurements.
00828-036
Rev. J | Page 19 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
GND1 GND2 GND3 GND4 –VS +VS
C1 + C2
10µF 10µF
25V + 25V
–VS +VS
W3
W1 AC COUP
DC W4 LO-Z R3
COUP LO-Z IN + 0Ω
CC
VIN DUT
CIN P2
J1 0.1µF
AD737 R4
HI-Z SEL HI-Z 1 0Ω
8
IN CC COM
2 V
IN 7 VOUT
GND +VS +VS
W2 3 POWER C6
DOWN OUTPUT 6 0.1µF
R1 J2
1MΩ CAV CF1
4 5
+VS –VS CAV
J3
CAV
PD 33 µF
FILT –VS
16V
+
NORM
00828-037
C4
SEL 0.1µF CF2
PIN3
Rev. J | Page 20 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
8 5
4.00 (0.1574) 6.20 (0.2441)
3.80 (0.1497) 1 5.80 (0.2284)
4
012407-A
(IN PARENTHESES) ARE ROUNDED-OFF MILLIMETER EQUIVALENTS FOR
REFERENCE ONLY AND ARE NOT APPROPRIATE FOR USE IN DESIGN.
0.400 (10.16)
0.365 (9.27)
0.355 (9.02)
8 5 0.280 (7.11)
0.250 (6.35)
1 0.240 (6.10)
4
0.325 (8.26)
0.310 (7.87)
0.100 (2.54) 0.300 (7.62)
BSC 0.060 (1.52) 0.195 (4.95)
0.210 (5.33) MAX 0.130 (3.30)
MAX 0.115 (2.92)
0.015
0.150 (3.81) (0.38) 0.015 (0.38)
0.130 (3.30) MIN GAUGE
0.115 (2.92) PLANE 0.014 (0.36)
SEATING
PLANE 0.010 (0.25)
0.022 (0.56) 0.008 (0.20)
0.005 (0.13) 0.430 (10.92)
0.018 (0.46) MIN MAX
0.014 (0.36)
0.070 (1.78)
0.060 (1.52)
0.045 (1.14)
Rev. J | Page 21 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
ORDERING GUIDE
Model 1 Temperature Range Package Description Package Option
AD737ANZ −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] N-8
AD737ARZ −40°C to +85°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JNZ 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Plastic Dual In-Line Package [PDIP] N-8
AD737JRZ 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JRZ-R7 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JRZ-RL 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JRZ-5 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JRZ-5-R7 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737JRZ-5-RL 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737KR-REEL 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737KR-REEL7 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737KRZ-RL 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737KRZ-R7 0°C to 70°C 8-Lead Standard Small Outline Package [SOIC_N] R-8
AD737-EVALZ Evaluation Board
1
Z = RoHS Compliant Part.
Rev. J | Page 22 of 24
Data Sheet AD737
NOTES
Rev. J | Page 23 of 24
AD737 Data Sheet
NOTES
Rev. J | Page 24 of 24
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Authorized Distributor