ROMERO, MARY TEZ O.

JD-4

DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Deductive reasoning draws specific conclusions from general principles or premises. It
is an inferential process that supports a conclusion with certainty.
The attribute of deductive arguments that denotes logical strength is Validity which is
about the strength of the inference, or reasoning, between the premises and the
conclusion. Validity is about the form of the argument, not the truth of its premises.
A valid deductive argument is one where it would be impossible for the conclusion to be
false given that the premises were true. Thus, if all its premises were true, then its
conclusion must be true, by necessity.
Moreover, Soundness is the attribute of a deductive argument that denotes both the
truth of its premises and its logical strength. A deductive argument is sound when it is
valid, and all of the premises are actually true.
Deductive reasoning is meant to demonstrate that the conclusion is absolutely true
based on the logic of the premises. Considering the foregoing, the goal of deductive
reasoning to prove a fact.

INDUCTIVE REASONING
Inductive reasoning uses a set of specific observations to reach an overarching
conclusion; it is the opposite of deductive reasoning. It is based on finding a conclusion
that is most likely to fit the premises and is used when making predictions, creating
generalizations, and analyzing cause and effect.
The Attributes of an Inductive reasoning are Inductive strength and Cogency.
Inductive strength is the attribute of inductive arguments that denotes logical strength.
An inductive argument that is inductively strong when it is in the format: if all its
premises were true, then it would be highly likely or probable that its conclusion would
also be true.
Another Attribute is Cogency which is the attribute of an inductive arguments that
denotes the truth of its premises. This is true when an inductive argument is inductively
strong, and It has all true premises. And its logical strength.
A cogent argument is by definition non-deductive, which means that the premises are
intended to establish probable (but not conclusive) support for the conclusion.
As deductive arguments are meant to prove a conclusion, inductive arguments are
meant to predict a conclusion.