WARRANT & REASONING

INTRODUCTION

A warrant and reasoning are fundamental

elements in the field of argumentation and
critical thinking. They play crucial roles in
constructing and evaluating logical and
persuasive arguments.

 LET'S EXPLORE EACH CONCEPT:

Warrant: A warrant is an underlying assumption

or principle that connects the evidence or data to
the claim in an argument. It serves as the logical
bridge or link that justifies the inference from the
evidence to the claim. In other words, the warrant
provides the reasoning behind why the evidence
supports the claim.

 There are six types of warrants:

These strategies are used at various different
levels of generality within an argument, and rarely
come in neat packages - typically they are
interconnected and work in combination.

 Warrant-based generalization:
A generalization is a broad
statement applied to a wide
variety of circumstances or
people. A warrant-based
generalization assumes that, if
your grounds and claim apply to
a sample population, then they
also apply to the entire group
from which the sample is taken.
Warrant based on principle:
A warrant based on a
principle refers to a warrant
related to a common moral
or value.
For example, many people
believe that it's important to
tell the truth.

Warrant based on analogy:
An analogy is a comparison
between two seemingly
different ideas, people or
circumstances. A warrant
based on an analogy means
that something true for one
situation is likely also true for
a distinct situation with
fundamental commonalities.
Warrant based on sign: A
warrant based on a sign
means that the occurrence
or presence of one thing
indicates another thing. For
example, someone who
owns a pet cat likely also
has cat food, beds and toys.


Warrant based on authority: Warrant based on causality:

A warrant based on authority A warrant based on
establishes the truth based on causality means that one
an expert professional or thing can influence or
group within the field. For directly cause a particular
example, many education outcome. For example,
experts say it's important for exercising regularly can help
students to learn how to read improve your physical
and write. health.
 LET'S EXPLORE EACH CONCEPT:

Reasoning: Reasoning refers to the process of drawing

conclusions or making inferences based on evidence,
information, or facts. It is the logical framework that
allows us to arrive at a judgment or claim.
There are different types of reasoning, including deductive
reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning:

Deductive Reasoning: In deductive

reasoning, we start with general principles
or premises and draw specific
conclusions based on them. If the
premises are true, the conclusion is
necessarily true.
For example:
Premise 1: All mammals are warm-blooded
animals.
Premise 2: Dolphins are mammals.
Conclusion: Therefore, dolphins are warm-
blooded animals.
Inductive Reasoning: Inductive reasoning
involves drawing general conclusions based
on specific observations or evidence. The
conclusion is considered probable or likely,
but not necessarily true.

For example:
Observation: Every time I have eaten peanuts, I've
developed an allergic reaction.
Conclusion: Therefore, I am probably allergic to
peanuts.
Abductive Reasoning: Abductive
reasoning involves making the best possible
explanation or hypothesis based on the
available evidence. It is often used in
scientific and investigative reasoning.

For example:
Observation: The grass is wet, and there are
dark clouds in the sky.
Explanation: It has probably rained recently.
 In summary, a warrant provides the underlying
reasoning or assumption that connects evidence to
a claim, while reasoning refers to the logical process
of drawing conclusions or making inferences based
on evidence or information. These concepts are
crucial for constructing and evaluating persuasive
arguments and critical thinking.
Thank You