ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉ

GEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

eqspertis azri

ekaterine metreveli

safrTxeTa winaaRmdegobrivi aRqma

saqarTveloSi

31

2014
 publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT.

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis
gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,
maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso

urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2014 weli

ISSN 1512-4835
ISBN 978-9941-0-7248-2
 safrTxeTa winaaRmdegobrivi aRqma saqarTveloSi1
Sesavali

mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala, xolo saqarT­

velom damoukidebloba moipova, Cvens qveyanaSi mcxovrebi
eTnikuri umciresobebis raodenoba 29,9 procentidan 16,3
procentamde Semcirda. 1990-iani wlebis mZime da arastabi­
lurma socialur-ekonomikurma da politikurma yofam da
axlad Camoyalibebul erovnul saxelmwifoSi sakuTari ad­
gilisa da rolis Taobaze aramkafio warmodgenebma aiZula
eTnikuri umciresobebis bevri warmomadgeneli qveyana dae­
tovebina. am procesSi Tavisi wvlili miuZRvis gamoucdeli
qarTuli erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis naciona­
listur ritorikasac, romelsac ar eyo Zala, Tavi gaerTmia
axali problemebisTvis da umciresobebisTvis qarTuli sa­
xelm­wifos axal nacionalur proeqtSi CarTva SeeTavazebina.
amasobaSi eTnikur umciresobebSi, romlebmac saqarTvelos
gareT daiwyes sayrdenisa da mxardaWeris Zieba, nacionaluri
mobilizacia gaiSala. yofili imperiuli Zalis daxmarebiT
mimdinare am procesis kulminacia iyo ori de faqto saxelm­
wifos _ samxreT oseTisa da afxazeTis _ gaCena.
saqarTvelos istoriulad Camoyalibebuli saxe, ro­
gorc mravaleTnikuri qveynisa, nel-nela gaqra da dReisa­
Tvis eTnikurad araqarTveli mosaxleoba ori ZiriTadi jgu­
fis saxiTaa warmodgenili. es jgufebi kompaqturad saxloben
qvemo qarTlisa (eTnikurad azerbaijanlebi) da samcxe-java­
xe­Tis (eTnikurad somxebi) regionebSi. amJamad eTnikuri umci­
resobis yvelaze didi jgufi aris azerbaijanlebisa (284,000,
anu 6,5 procenti), meore ki _ somxebis (248,900, anu 5,7 pro­
centi). orive jgufis koncentrirebulad gansaxlebis adgi­
lebi somxeTsa da azerbaijans esazRvreba, rac garkveul­
wilad gansazRvravs maT kulturul siaxlovesa Tu gavlenas
da aferxebs am jgufebis qarTul saxelmwifoSi integracias.
dReisaTvis qarTul saxelmwifosa da umciresobebs
Soris urTierToba stabiluria, zogadad SeiniSneba poziti­
uri tendenciac, Tumca calkeul SemTxvevebSi zogjer Tavs

1 winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens ganaxlebul versias 2014 wlis ivlisSi

gamoqveynebuli statiisa “The Georgian State and Minority Relations”, Caucasus
Analytical Digest-Si, No 64, July 2014.

3
 iCens garkveuli gaugebrobebic.2 umciresobaTa jgufebi sak­
maod faqizi da mgrZnobiarea yvela saxis cvlilebis mimarT,
iqneba es qveynis SigniT Tu saerTaSoriso sarbielze. miuxe­
davad imisa, rom centralurma xelisuflebam umciresobaTa
integraciis mizniT mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadadga, es pro­
cesi jer kidev Sorsaa warmatebuli dasasrulisgan. am pro­
cesisaTvis ZiriTadi safrTxe, garda adekvaturi resursebis
naklebobisa, rac axasiaTebT demokratiis gzaze axlad Semd­
gar qveynebs, aris rogorc umravlesobis, ise umciresobis
mxridan safrTxeTa winaaRmdegobrivi aRqma.

winapirobebi da memkvidreoba

TiTqmis mTeli 1990-ianebis manZilze SevardnaZis
mTavroba saqarTveloSi umciresobebTan urTierTobebs
erovnuli usafrTxoebis prizmidan uyurebda.3 am sakiTxze
zrunva gamoixata umciresoba-umravlesobis diskursis sa­
jaro sfero­ dan gadataniT da gare Carevebisa da politi­
kuri partiebis aqtiurobisaTvis eTnikuri umciresobebiT
dasaxlebuli regionebis CaketviT. regionebis marTva xde­
boda adgilob­ riv avtoritetebTan garigebiT, droTa gan­
mavlobaSi es avtoritetebi politikur-ekonomikur elitad
Camo­
yalibdnen. rac Seexeba ganaTlebas, amaze pasuxismge­
bloba daekisraT somxeTsa da azerbaijans, maT Soris eTni­
kuri umciresobebis skolebis wignebiT momarageba ZiriTadad
mezobeli saxelmwifoebidan xdeboda.
amgvari politikiT miRebuli `dadebiTi~ Sedegi iyo
arastabilur 1990-ianebSi eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxle­
bul regionebSi SenarCunebuli stabiluroba, gansakuTrebiT
javaxeTSi, sadac moxda adgilobrivi SeiaraRebuli dajgufe­

2 Natalie Sabanadze, “Georgia’s Ethnic Diversity. A Challenge to State-building,” The Mak-

ing of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Georgian Republic and its Successors. Ed-
ited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014, p. 119.
3 saqarTveloSi erovnuli umciresobebis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT
agreTve ix.: Niklas Nilsson, “Obstacles to Building a Civic Nation: Georgia’s Armenian
Minority and Conflicting Threat Perceptions,” Ethnopolitics, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2009;
Natalie Sabanadze, “Georgia’s Ethnic Diversity. A Challenge to State-building,” The
Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Georgian Republic and its Successors.
Edited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014, pp. 130-132. Niklas Nilsson, “Obstacles
to Building a Civic Nation: Georgia’s Armenian Minority and Conflicting Threat Percep-
tions,” Ethnopolitics, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2009

4
bebis kontrolis ganeitraleba da saxelmwifos formaluri
kontrolis gavrceleba regionze. meore mxriv, aseTi poli­
tika ar efuZneboda kanonis uzenaesobas, ar uwyobda xels um­
ravlesobasa da umciresobas Soris komunikaciis demokrati­
uli CarCoebis SemuSavebas da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis
qveynis momavlis erToblivi xedvis Camoyalibebas. radganac
ar arsebobda monawileobasa da integraciasTan dakavSirebu­
li sajarod gacxadebuli politika, umciresobebi sul ufro
uaxlovdebodnen maTi eTnosiT dasaxlebul mezobel saxelm­
wifoebs, ris Sedegadac jer kidev sabWoTa wyobis dros Camo­
yalibebuli gansxvavebuli samoqmedo sivr­ceebi titularuli
da umciresobaTa wevrebisTvis kidev ufro gaRrmavda.
am fonze prezidenti saakaSvilis mier wamowyebuli
umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli politika radikalurad gan­
sxvavebuli Canda. mkafiod gacxadebuli saxelmwifos mSeneb­
lobis misiis farglebSi man aqcenti gaakeTa samoqalaqo
elementebze da saqarTvelo warmoadgina, rogorc Tavisi
yvela moqalaqis saxelmwifo. sajaro gamosvlebisas igi gan­
sakuTrebiT amaxvilebda yuradRebas umciresobebze, xSirad
sityvas iwyebda maTive mSobliur enaze da xazs usvamda, Tu
ramdenad saWiroa am xalxebis integracia da brZola stereo­
tipebTan. am ritorikis praqtikuli gamoxatuleba iyo 2005
wels erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb evrosabWos kon­
venciis CarCoxelSekrulebis (FCNM) ratifikacia, evropis
uSiSroebisa da TanamSromlobis organizaciis (euTo) mier
inicirebuli erovnul umciresobebSi qarTuli enis cod­
nis gavrcelebis xelSewyobis proeqtebze pasuxismgeblobis
aReba, erovnuli integraciis strategiisa da samoqmedo
gegmis SemuSaveba da miReba (2009-2014), umciresobebis mimarT
diskriminaciis aRmofxvra samarTaldamcavi organoebis re­
formirebiTa da sagzao infrastruqturis reabilitaciis
saSualebiT, rac iyo regionuli proeqtebis rogorc izo­
laciis, ise ganviTarebis mTavari ganmsazRvreli faqtori.
yarsi-axalqalaqi-baqos rkinigzac swored eTnikuri somxebiT
dasaxlebuli javaxeTis ekonomikur integraciasa da ganviTa­
rebas emsaxureba.
marTalia, qveyanaSi umciresobebis integraciasTan da­
kavSirebiT seriozuli nabijebi gadaidga, magram am Zalis­
xmevas pirdapiri Sedegebi ar mohyolia, Tumca isic unda
aRiniSnos, rom garkveuli gaumjobeseba aSkarad SeiniSneba.

5
 amis dasturia isic, rom umravlesobam gaacnobiera, rom um­
ciresobaTa sakiTxebis ugulebelyofa aferxebs qveynis gan­
viTarebas. samwuxarod, integraciuli strategiisaTvis gamo­
yofili vadebi da resursebi ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi imisaTvis,
rom daZleuliyo sabWoTa droidan SemorCenili gavlenebi,
rac kidev ufro gamyarda damoukideblobis pirvel dekadaSi
fexmokidebuli praqtikiT. amasTan, politika ar iyo erTiani
da Tanmimdevruli da xels ar uwyobda umciresobebis monawi­
leobas gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. politikuri da
ekonomikuri tranziciis periodSi, rodesac saxelmwifoebi
eswrafian gamokveTon prioritetebi sakuTari SezRuduli
resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis gamosayeneblad, kanonis
uzenaesoba da ekonomikuri ganviTareba sjabnis umcireso­
baTa problematikas. umetes SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifoebi gar­
damaval periodSi ar floben sakmaris resursebs, rom daakma­
yofilon umciresobebis moTxovnebi da maT maTi identobis
dacvis meqanizmebi SesTavazon, rac qmnis `gaurkvevlobis
safrTxis~ (threatening uncertainties) safuZvels.4
`gaurkvevlobis safrTxe~ Seexo da moicva saqarTvelos
eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi saxelm­
wifos mSeneblobisa da kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebisa­
Tvis gaweul RonisZiebebi, maT Soris, antinarkotikuli da
kontrabandis sawinaaRmdego saxelmwifo qmedebebi, rasac moh­
yva qvemo qarTlSi wiTeli xidisa da sadaxlos bazrobebis _
adgilobrivebis Semosavlis mniSvnelovani wyaros _ daxurva.
saprotesto gamosvlebi gamoiwvia antikorufciulma qmede­
bebma saqarTvelo-somxeTis sazRvarTan, ninowmindaSi 2005
wels, aseve axalqalaqSi gadasaxadebisaTvis Tavis aridebis
gamo ramdenime sawarmos daxurvam.5 am sakmaod gaxmaurebulma
qmedebebma, rac miznad isaxavda saxelmwifo xelisuflebis
ganmtkicebasa da kanonis uzenaesobis damkvidrebas, sapirisp­
iro reaqcia gamoiwvia umciresobebSi da es Tavis winaaRmdeg
ganxor­cielebul qmedebebad aRiqves. yarsi-axalqalaqi-baqos
rkinigzis mSenebloba da amasTan dakavSirebiT regionSi
Turqi da azerbaijaneli muSaxelis gamoCena adgilobrivebma

4 Will Kymlicka, “Justice and Security in the Accommodation of Minority Nationalism,”

Ethnicity, Nationalism and Minority Rights. Edited by Stephen May, Tariq Modood and
Judith Squires; Cambridge, 2004, pp. 150-151.
5 agreTve ix.: Georgia’s Armenian and Azeri Minorities, International Crisis Group,
Europe Report 178, Tbilisi, 2006.

6
aseve Tavisi keTildReobisa da usafrTxoebis safrTxed ga­
nixiles. xalxSi aris SiSi, rom rkinigzis mSeneblobiTa da
masTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebiT motanili ekonomikuri
sargebeli SezRuduli iqneba eTnikuri somxebisaTvis.6
rac Seexeba umravlesobis damokidebulebas, umci­
resobebis mimarT undoblobam saerTaSoriso garemos cvli­
lebasTan erTad iCina Tavi. miiCneva, rom xSirad umciresobe­
bi prioritets aniWeben, Tu gamoviyenebT aleqsandre ronde­
lis termins, yofil `kolonialur batons~7 da mxars uWeren
sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikis iseT prioritetebs,
romlebic gansxvavdeba qarTuli saxelmwifos aRiarebuli
politikisgan. bevrgan, rogorc aRmosavleTevropul qvey­
nebSi, ise postsabWoTa sivrceSi, umciresobebs uyureben,
rogorc mokavSireebs im ZiriTadi imperiuli mmarTvelisa
(major powers), romelic istoriulad qveynis ZiriTad eTni­
kur jgufs Cagravda. es fenomeni, saxelad `umciresobaSi
myofi umravlesoba~ (minoritized majorities)8, gansazRvravs umci­
resobebis mimarT umravlesobaSi arsebul SiSsa da aRqmas da
umciresoba-umravlesobis diskursi adamianis uflebebisa da
samarTlianobis Wrilidan erovnuli usafrTxoebis rakursSi
gadaaqvs.
am process Tavisi qmedebebiT xels uwyobs ruseTi.
igi aqtiurad iyenebs qveynis sawinaaRmdegod mis eTnikur
umciresobebs da amiT aferxebs saxelmwifos mSeneblobis
process. ruseTis SeWra ukrainaSi adasturebs postsabWoTa
sivrcesTan dakavSirebuli mkafiod Camoyalibebuli sagareo
da usafrTxoebis doqtrinis arsebobas.9 miuxedavad imisa,
rom ruseTis aseTi midgoma ar aris axali, amjerad es iyo
ufro mkveTrad, Riad da radikalurad artikulirebuli.
ruseTma gaafarTova Tavisi, rogorc postsabWoTa sivrcis
6 Премьер министр Грузии посетил Самцхе-Джавахк, 26 мая, 2014. www.hetq.am/
rus/news/54814/premer-ministr-gruzii-posetil-samckhe-dzhavakhk.html
7 Alexander Rondeli, “The Russian-Georgian War and its Implications for Georgia’s State-
building,” The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Georgian Republic and
its Successors. Edited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014, p. 35.
8 “minoritized majorities”-is Sesaxeb ix.: Will Kymlicka, “Justice and Security in the Ac-
commodation of Minority Nationalism,” Ethnicity, Nationalism and Minority Rights. Ed-
ited by Stephen May, Tariq Modood and Judith Squires; Cambridge, 2004, p. 155.
9 Alexander Rondeli, “The Russian-Georgian War and its Implications for Georgia’s State-
building,” The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Georgian Republic and
its Successors. Edited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014, p. 41.

7
 rusulad molaparake mosaxleobis monaTesave subieqtisa da
titularuli erisagan maTi damcvelis funqcia.10 SedarebiT
radikaluri saSualebebis garda, rogoricaa samxreT oseTSi
Tu, mogvianebiT, ukrainaSi SeWra, ruseTisaTvis sakuTari
kontrolis gavrcelebis sxva gzebia rbili Zalis gamoyeneba
an mezobeli saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeebisaTvis rusuli pas­
portebis darigeba. am fonze, saqarTvelos umciresobaTa
Soris rusuli da somxuri pasportebis arsebobam, rusuli
propagandis paralelurad, kidev ufro Seuwyo xeli eTni­
kuri sakiTxis usafrTxoebis prizmaSi ganxilvas da erovnul
mediaSi sakmaod arajansaRi debatebic gamoiwvia.
2008 wels miRebulma qarTulma gamocdilebam da ru­
seTis axalma sagareo da usafrTxoebis politikam, romelic
gamoCnda ukrainasa da postsabWoTa sivrceSi, aCvena, rom mo­
qalaqeoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes saxelmwifos terito­
riuli mTlianobis winaaRmdeg. miuxedavad im mizezebisa, Tu
ratom iReben saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi umciresobebi ucxo
qveynebis pasportebs, es procesi dasafiqrebelia da gansa­
kuTrebuli RonisZebebis gatarebas moiTxovs.

dRes arsebuli problemebi

zemoT SevexeT im winapirobebsa da garemoebebs, rac

gansazRvravs umciresobebis sakiTxis amJamindeli diskursis
xasiaTs da ganapirobebs im gamowvevebs, rac xels uSlis um­
ciresobebis integracias qarTul saxelmwifoSi. erTmaneTTan
dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva gamomwvevi garemoebiT Seqmnilia
mankieri wre, saidanac Znelia Tavis daRweva. es probleme­
bi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli umciresoba-umravle­
sobis erTobliv Zalisxmevaze, rom aRmoifxvras undoblo­
ba da jgufebs gaezardoT usafrTxoebis gancda, radganac
safrTxeTa winaaRmdegobrivi aRqma aferxebs ganviTarebis
demokratiul process.
sxva problemebTan erTad qveynis socialur-politikur
cxovrebaSi umciresobaTa integraciis erT-erTi Semaferxe­
beli faqtori aSkarad aris qarTuli enis arcodna, nakli, ro­
melic zRudavs umciresobaTa monawileobas gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesSi da aferxebs maT socialur aqtivobas. ena

10 Lyudmila Alexandrova, “Russia Keeps Pressing for Reunification of the ‘Russian World,’”
April 2, www.en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1723.

8
kavkasiaSi eTnikuri identobis umniSvnelovanesi safuZvelia
da mas qarTvelebic did mniSvnelobas aniWeben. marTalia,
saakaSvilis mTavroba mxurvaled uWerda mxars saxelmwifo
enis programebs, magram amisaTvis ar arsebobda Sesaferisi
resursebi, politika ki ar iyo Tanmimdevruli. marTalia,
saxelmwifo enis mimarT damokidebuleba dadebiTad Seicva­
la, magram saSualo skolaSi miRebuli codnis done ar aris
sakmarisi Tanabari SesaZleblobebisa da konkurenciisaTvis.
amasTan, umciresobebi xSirad ver xedaven, Tu ra sargebloba
SeiZleba moutanos maT keTildReobas saxelmwifo enis cod­
nam uaxloes momavalSi.
ramdenime wlis win qarTuli enis arcodna pirda­
pir ukavSirdeboda umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas.
dReisaTvis viTareba ase Tu ise Secvlilia, mas Semdeg, rac
2010 wels dainerga programa 1+4. am programis damsaxure­
biT gaizarda umaRles saswavleblebSi Semsvleli eTnikuri
umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa ricxvi. qvemo qarTlSi
macxovrebeli eTnikurad azerbaijanelTa ricxvi, vinc Caaba­
ra erovnuli gamocdebi, 2010 wels iyo 163, rac 2013 wels
587-mde gai­zar­
da, xolo samcxe-javaxeTSi mcxovrebi eTni­
kuri somxebis ricxvi _ 2010 wlis 96-dan 2013 wels 139-mde.11
rodesac garkveuli raodenobis umciresobaTa warmomadgen­
lebi saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebs daamTavreben, es
udaod dadebiTad aisaxeba integraciul Zalisxmevaze.
saxelmwifo enis arcodnas ukavSirdeba aseve infor­
maciuli vakuumi, romelic umciresobebisaTvis kidev erT
problemas warmoadgens. qarTuli mediis sakmaod SezRuduli
aqtivoba sakuTari sityvis gasavrceleblad umciresobebiT
dasaxlebul regionebSi aferxebs socialur kavSirebsa da am
xalxis integracias. roca `koalicia qarTuli ocneba~ movi­
da xelisuflebis saTaveebTan, daixura erTaderTi rusule­
novani telearxi `piki~, xolo mxolod saqarTvelos sazoga­
doebrivi mauwyeblobis saRamos axali ambebis gamoSveba,
romelic umciresobaTa enebzec gadis, ar aris sakmarisi ar­
sebuli deficitis Sesavsebad. `pikis~ daxurvam Zalian cudi
Sedegi gamoiRo, radgan es arxi iyo erTaderTi alternati­
uli saSualeba, sapirwoned rusuli propagandisa, romelsac
ruseTis televizia Tavisi mediasaSualebebiT umciresobebiT
dasaxlebul regionebSi avrcelebs. radganac umciresobebs
11 www.naec.ge

9
 maTTvis gasageb enaze Tbilisidan ar aqvT sakmarisi informa­
cia, ar arsebobs alternativa, romelic, magaliTad, ukrainaSi
ganviTarebul movlenebze an antidasavlur ganwyobilebeb­ze
arsebul rusul pozicias daabalansebda. es zrdis sainfor­
macio vakuums saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesobasa da
umciresobas Soris, gansakuTrebiT erovnul usafrTxoebasa
da sagareo politikasTan dakavSirebiT.
umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi arsebuli
kidev erTi mwvave problema uSualod ukavSirdeba saxelm­
wifo enis arcodnasa da informaciis xelmisawvdomobis Sez­
Rudvas _ es aris kargi mmarTvelobis arqona, rac gamoixate­
ba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileobis dabali
maCvenebliTa da sakmaod SezRuduli politikuri aqtiuro­
biT. umciresobebi ar arian warmodgenili arc centralur
donze, arc sajaro administraciaSi da arc politikur par­
tiebSi. ZiriTadi politikuri partiebi saarCevno kampaniebis
dros ar exebian umciresobaTa Temebs da arc saarCevno kam­
paniebs atareben umciresobaTa dasaxlebebSi (mxolod mci­
redi gamonaklisebis garda) da amas amarTleben imiT, rom re­
gionebSi ukonkurento upiratesoba aqvs mmarTvel partias.12
aseve nominalur xasiaTs atarebs umciresobaTa warmomadgen­
lebis Seyvana, ZiriTadad adgilobrivi gavleniani pirebisa,
mmarTveli partiis siebSi da, Sesabamisad, maTi monawileoba
parlamentSi.

daskvna

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi erovnuli politikis

memkvidreobam gavlena moaxdina umciresobaTa dRevandel
mdomareobaze, xeli Seuwyo umciresobebsa da umravlesobas
Soris ormxrivi undoblobis gaCenas da sakiTxis usafrTxoe­
bis aspeqtis gazrdas, rac gansakuTrebiT mwvavdeba postsab­
WoTa sivrceSi ruseTis agresiuli sagareo da usafrTxoebis
politikasTan dakavSirebiT.
imisaTvis, rom Semcirdes saqarTvelos eTnikur umci­
resobebze gare Zalebis gavlena, mniSvnelovania SemuSavdes
saSinao politikis sferoSi umciresobaTa interesebis CarT­
vis meqanizmi da xeli Seewyos politikas, romelic miznad

12 Eka Metreveli and Jonathan Kulick, Social Relations and Governance in Javakheti, Geor-
gia, PDCI, 2009, pp. 20-21.

10
isaxavs nacionalur erTianobas. am TvalsazrisiT aucilebe­
lia rusuli mediis sapasuxod am dasaxlebebSi Seiqmnas in­
formaciis nakadis alternatiuli wyaro.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. Brubaker, R., Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question

in the New Europe, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
2. Kymlicka, Will, “Justice and Security in the Accommodation of Minority Na-
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May, Tariq Modood and Judith Squires; Cambridge, 2004.
3. Metreveli, E. and J. Kulick, Social Relations and Governance in Javakheti,
Georgia, PDCI, 2009.
4. Nilsson, N., “Obstacles to Building a Civic Nation: Georgia’s Armenian Minori-
ty and Conflicting Threat Perceptions,” Ethnopolitics, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2009.
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a Political Strategy,” One Society, Many Ethnicities: Ethnic Diversity and Civic
Integration in Georgia, CIPDD, Tbilisi, 2003.
6. Rondeli, A., “The Russian-Georgian War and its Implications for Georgia’s
State-building,” The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Geor-
gian Republic and its Successors. Edited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014.
7. Sabanadze, N., “Georgia’s Ethnic Diversity. A Challenge to State-building,”
The Making of Modern Georgia, 1918-2012. The First Georgian Republic and
its Successors. Edited by Stephen F. Jones, Routledge, 2014.
8. Weatley, J., “The Integration of National Minorities in the Samtskhe-Javakhe-
ti and Kvemo Kartli Provinces of Georgia: Five Years into the Presidency of
Mikheil Saakashvili,” ECMI Working Paper #44, September 2009.

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