9-35

9-54 An ideal dual cycle has a compression ratio of 14 and cutoff ratio of 1.2. The thermal efficiency, amount of heat
added, and the maximum gas pressure and temperature are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The air-standard assumptions are applicable. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Air is
an ideal gas with constant specific heats.
Properties The properties of air at room temperature are cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·K, cv = 0.718 kJ/kg·K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg·K, and
k = 1.4 (Table A-2).
Analysis The specific volume of the air at the start of the compression is

RT1 (0.287 kPa  m 3 /kg  K )(253 K)

v1    0.9076 m 3 /kg P x 3
P1 80 kPa
qin
and the specific volume at the end of the compression is 2 4
qout
v1 0.9076 m 3 /kg
v2    0.06483 m 3 /kg 1
r 14
The pressure at the end of the compression is v
k
v 
P2  P1  1   P1 r k  (80 kPa)141.4  3219 kPa
v 2 
and the maximum pressure is
Px  P3  r p P2  (1.5)(3219 kPa)  4829 kPa

The temperature at the end of the compression is

k 1
v 
T2  T1  1   T1 r k 1  (253 K)14 1.4 1  727.1 K
v 2 

P   4829 kPa 
and T x  T2  3   (727.1 K)   1091 K
 P2   3219 kPa 

From the definition of cutoff ratio

v 3  rcv x  rcv 2  (1.2)(0.06483 m 3 /kg )  0.07780 m 3 /kg

The remaining state temperatures are then

v 
  (1091 K)
0.07780 
T3  T x  3    1309 K
v x   0.06483 
k 1 1.4 1
v   0.07780 
T4  T3  3   (1309 K)   490.0 K
v 4   0.9076 

Applying the first law and work expression to the heat addition processes gives
q in  cv (T x  T2 )  c p (T3  T x )
 (0.718 kJ/kg  K )(1091  727.1)K  (1.005 kJ/kg  K )(1309  1091)K
 480.4 kJ/kg

The heat rejected is

q out  cv (T4  T1 )  (0.718 kJ/kg  K )(490.0  253)K  170.2 kJ/kg

q out 170.2 kJ/kg

Then,  th  1   1  0.646
q in 480.4 kJ/kg

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