Mobile Communications

Homework 4

Due Date: Dec 3, 2020

Put on LMS
All assignments received after Dec 3 will not be marked. This is the hard
deadline.

Problem 1: Fading (CLO-1):

a) Suppose that a non-line-of-sight wireless channel at 1.9 GHz has an rms

delay spread of 100 ns. Further, suppose the mobile terminal is moving
with a speed of 70kms/hr. If a BPSK signal is transmitted with a bit rate of
20 Mbps, then give a complete description of the small-scale fading that
this signal will undergo. (Flat or frequency selective and slow or fast)?
b) If the speed of the mobile is increased to 100km/hr, state whether the
channel will be frequency selective or flat? Explain.

Problem 2: Use MATLAB (CLO-3):

a) Generate 200 samples of a Rayleigh random variable R with E{R 2}=1. Plot the
samples in a stem plot. Remember that R = |X+jY|, where X and Y are zero mean,
independent Gaussian random variables (r.v). Your Gaussian r.v. X and Y
(produced by randn command) must each have equal variance equal to ½.
b) Give the estimated rms value of R, based on the 200 samples generated, which is
given as Ŕ2.
√
c) What fraction (if any) of these Rayleigh samples are 10dB below the estimated
rms value?(Note that this threshold corresponds to ρ=−10 dB in the context of
level crossing)
d) Generate 200 samples of a Rician random variable by adding means m r=5cos(π/3)
and mi = 5sin(π/3), respectively to the real part (X) and imaginary part (Y) in part
(a). Plot the samples in stem plot. What is the K factor of this Rician random
variable?
e) Repeat part (d) except use mr=5cos(π/6) and mi = 5sin(π/6). Plot the samples in
stem plot. What is the effect of phase change on the appearance of stem plot?
f) We now normalize the Rician random variables to have unit mean square value.
Rn
Let Rn be the nth sample from Part (d). Make 200 normalized r.v. as W n = 2 .
√ Ŕ
Plot the Wn’s as a stem plot and compare to Part (a). What fraction of samples of
W are 10dB below the rms value of W (should be fewer, because there should be
less fading).
 C
2 5 9 .2 3

Solution to (c): For  your  answern is  ( eb),  if  th   c hannel  “ ast”  or  “slow”  fading?
R b 2 5 0 k b p s implies the symbol period is T s 4 s . Since T s T C , the channel is slow
fading.
Problem 3: Rayleigh Fading Model
Solution to (d): Given your answer in (b), how many bits are sent while the channel
appears  “static”? 0 . 0 0 1 6 3 s e c * 2 5 0 k b p s 4 0 7 b i t s (rounding down)

Problem 7.3:
Problem 4: Channels
Recall that the 90% and 50% correlation coherence bandwidths are
a) Calculate the 90% and 50% correlation coherence bandwidths for the power
delay profiles 1
1 of following indoor and outdoor
BC and B C . Calculate thesechannels
for the power delay profiles given in Figure
50 5
P5.6 in the book, on page 249.
Pr Indoor Pr
Outdoor
0  dB 0  dB
-10  dB -10  dB
-20  dB -20  dB
-30  dB -30  dB
0 50 75 100 Excess 0 5 10 Excess
delay delay in
(ns) micro-
seconds

b) Would these channels be suitable for following standards without the use of an
equalizer?

i. GSM bandwidth 200 KHz

ii. IS-95 (CDMA) bandwidth 1.25MHz
iii. WCDMA bandwidth 5MHz
iv. LTE bandwidth 20MHz