The process of writing a composite number as a product of prime numbers.

Prime Factorization

Numbers with only one pair of factors are called

Prime Numbers

Numbers with more than one pair of factors

Composite Numbers

The greatest common factor (GCF) of a pair or set of numbers is the largest number that divides the given numbers.

The least common multiple (LCM) of a pair or set of numbers is the smallest non-zero common multiple.

 Fractions may be used to show a part of a whole

A proper fraction is a fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator.

An improper fraction is a fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator.
A mixed number is a sum of a whole number and a proper fraction.

 A fraction is said to be in simplest form when its numerator and denominator are relatively prime. Relatively prime numbers are numbers whose greatest common
factor is 1.

 Like fractions are fractions with the same denominators. They are also called similar fractions.

 Unlike fractions are fractions with different denominators. They are also called dissimilar fractions.

A. Write True if the statement is true or False if not.

1. 18 is a factor of 6.
2. 20 is a multiple of 5.
3. A number that has 3 as a factor is a multiple of 3.
4. 9 is a common factor of 27 and 63.
5. 1 is always a common factor of any pair of numbers.
6. 1.
7. One of the prime factors of 84 is 2.
8. When two numbers are relatively prime, then numbers are prime numbers.

8. Two loaves of bread were evenly divided into 10 slices altogether. What fraction of a loaf is 1 slice?
9. In a party of 24 guests, 14 are boys. What fraction of the party guests are girls?
  A ratio is a comparison of two numbers or two quantities.
 A proportion is an equation which tells that two ratios are equal.
In a proportion, the product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means.

A direct proportion between two quantities exists when one quantity increases (or decreases) as the other
quantity increases (or decreases) at the same rate.
In solving problems involving direct proportion, the missing term in the proportion is determined by
getting the product of the extremes and the means.

An inverse proportion between two quantities exists when one quantity increases (or decreases) as the
other quantity decreases (or increases) at the same rate.
 In solving problems involving inverse proportion, the missing term is determined by setting up a
proportion where one of the ratios is inverted before finding the product of their extremes and means.

A whole is divided into parts proportional to the given ratio in a partitive proportion.
The base B, is the number that represents the whole.
The rate R, is the number being compared to 100 and is written with the % sign. It is a part of a whole
per 100 parts.
The percentage P, is the number that represents the part of a whole.
A relationship exists using the percentage (P), base (B), and the rate (R), which is
P = B × R
Discount is a decrease in the price of an item. It is the amount to be deducted from the original price.
Markup is the difference between the original cost of an item or a service and the selling price. It is added
by the item or service provider to the total cost to cover the cost of doing business and create a profit.
Commission is the amount of money a person receives for his/her service.
A sales tax is a tax paid to the government for the sales of certain goods and services.
Interest is the amount of money paid for the use of money lent over a period of time. Interest = Principal
× Rate × Time
 Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero.
Integers can be represented on a number line.
The absolute value is the distance of the number from 0.

1. 6% of 141 is n.

2. 94 is n% of 94.

3. n:6 = 48:4

4. 20:n = 9:180

5. ÷

6.
The length of an object is the number of units from one end of the object to the other end.

The meter (m) is the basic unit of length in the metric system.

A metric converter is used to represent different units of measure that are arranged from the largest to the
smallest unit.

A conversion factor can also be used to convert from one unit to another within the system and from one
system to another.

When we want to know how heavy an object is, we are quantifying a physical attribute of that object
called mass.
Mass is the amount of matter an object contains.
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass is the kilogram (kg) or 1000 grams.

The amount of liquid a container holds when filled to the brim gives the liquid volume of the container. The
maximum amount of liquid the container holds is its capacity. Capacity is measured in the same units as liquid
volume.
In the metric system, liter is the standard unit for liquid volume or capacity. Cubic meter is the standard
unit for solid volume.

Volume is the amount of space that is occupied by an object.

Capacity is the amount of liquid or solid a container can hold when it is full.
For liquid volume or capacity, a liter or milliliter is the standard unit.
For solid volume, a cubic centimeter or cubic meter is the standard unit.
The measure of hotness or coldness of an object is called temperature. It does not depend on the size of the
object, that is, the temperature of a small cup of boiling water is the same as the temperature of a large bowl of
boiling water.
Many scales have been invented to accurately measure temperature. Gabriel Fahrenheit created the
Fahrenheit scale in the early years of the 18th century. He set the freezing point of water to 32 degrees and the
boiling point at 212 degrees.
In the latter part of the 18th century, Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, devised the Celsius scale. He
determined the freezing temperature for water to be 0 degrees and the boiling temperature to be 100 degrees.
There is a limit to how cold something can be. The Kelvin scale is designed to go to zero at this minimum
temperature. Kelvin was named after William Thomson or Lord Kelvin (1824–1907).
Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
Time is one of the fundamental quantities of the physical world. It is the period during which an action or event
occurs.
Clocks and watches are devices used to indicate the passage of time.
The standard unit of time is second. The amount of time that has passed from a given time to another given
time is called elapsed time.

In everyday life, we use ratios of two different related measurements. This comparison of two different
quantities is called rate. Usually, rates relate to time as in rate of change in distance per unit time, say, meter
per second, kilometer per hour, etc. Such rate of change in distance over time is known as the average speed
 To multiply a fraction by another fraction, get the product of the numerators over the product of the
denominators.
 To multiply a fraction by a whole number, rename the whole number as fraction with 1 as its denominator,
then get the product of the numerators over the product of the denominators.

To divide a fraction by another fraction

1. change the operation from division to multiplication,

2. write the reciprocal of the divisor,
3. multiply the numerator over the product of the denominator, and
4. simplify the answer if necessary.

A central angle has an intercepted arc that is 45°, what is the measurement of the central angle? 45°

If the inscribed angle measures 76°. What is the measurement of its intercepted arc? 152°

If the central angle ABC is equal to 90°, what is the measurement of the inscribed angle AGC if they share the
same intercepted arc? 45°

If two secants has its vertex outside the circle, what is the measurement of its major intercepted arc is equal
to 92° and its minor intercepted arc is 35°? 28.5°

Circle B has a central angle ABG, what is its intercepted arc?