Table of Contents

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 1

Table of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 5

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... 5

List of Annexures ................................................................................................................... 6

List of Abbreviations.............................................................................................................. 7

Glossary ................................................................................................................................ 6

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 7

1.1 Identification of Project........................................................................................... 7

1.2 Sand Mining Industry of Pakistan ............................................................................ 8

1.3 Purpose of the Report ............................................................................................. 8

1.4 Ojectives of the IEE study ........................................................................................ 9

1.5 Brief Project Details ................................................................................................ 9

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 12

2.1 Type and Category of the Project .......................................................................... 21

2.2 Alternatives Considered ........................................................................................ 21

2.3 Details of the Project............................................................................................. 22

2.4 Schedule of Implementation ................................................................................. 24

2.5 Decription of the Project and Mining Method ....................................................... 24

2.6 Restoration and Rehabilitation Program ............................................................... 26

2.10 Governmental Approvals ................................................................................... 18

3 POLICY, LEGISLATION, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................. 18

3.1 Legal Framework................................................................................................... 18

3.2. National Environmental Regulatory/Legal Requirements ............................... 27

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 3.3 National Conservation Strategy (NCS) – Pakistan ........................................... 19

3.4 Pakistan Penal Code (1860) ............................................................................ 19

3.5 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 ................................................ 20

3.6 Policy and Procedures for the Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental
Assessments ................................................................................................................ 21

3.7 Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental Reports (November
1997/2000).................................................................................................................. 30

3.8National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) ................................................. 30

3.9 Regulations for Environmental Assessment.................................................... 22

3.10 Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports .......................................... 23

3.11 Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas .................................................. 23

3.12 National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance ....................................................... 32

3.13 Forest Act 1927 .......................................................................................... 32

3.14 Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001 .......................................... 32

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT.......................................................................... 33

4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................ 33

4.2 Water Resources ............................................................................................ 35

4.3 Ecological Environment ......................................................................................... 37

4.4 Socioeconomic Environment.......................................................................... 38

4.3 Quality of Life Values ............................................................................................ 38

5 ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................. 35

5.1 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ................................................. 44

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN (EMMP) .............................. 44

5.3 Implementation of EMMP ..................................................................................... 45

6. Training Needs ...................................................................................................... 52

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 6..1 Training schedules ......................................................................................... 52

6.2 Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation ................................................................ 53

6.3 Equipment Maintenance Details ........................................................................... 54

7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................... 54

REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 55

List of Annexures

Annexure A Map of Chunian zone-2

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List of Abbreviations
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NOC No Objection Certificate
EA Environmental Approval
OHS Occupational Health and Safety
Imple. Implementation
Autho. Authority
Mon. Monitoring
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMP Environmental Monitoring Plan
GOP Government of Pakistan
KM Kilometer
M Meters
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
BDL BelowDetectionLimit
SWM Solid Waste Management
TMA TehsilMunicipalAuthority
PPC PakistanPenalCode
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
NDWQS National Drinking Water Quality Standards
LAA Land AcquisitionAct
WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
MMD Mines and Minerals Department
GDP Gross Domestic Product
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
OS Ordinary Sand

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5
Glossary
Act means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997.

Contaminationis introduction of impurities in the environment.

Environment means(a) air, water and land; (b) all layers of the atmosphere; (c) all organic and
inorganic matter and living organisms; (d) the ecosystem and ecological relationships; (e)
buildings, structures, roads, facilities and works; (f) all social and economic conditions
affecting community life; and (g) the inter-relationships between any of the factors in sub-
clause (a) to (f).

Environmental Assessment a technique and a process by which information about the

environmental effects of a project is collected, both by the developer and from other sources,
and taken into account by the planning authority in forming their judgments on whether the
development should go ahead.

Environmental Management to carry out the developmental activities in sustainable manner.

Impact on Environment means any effect on land, water, air or any other component of the
environment, as well as on wildlife harvesting, and includes any effect on the social and
cultural environment or on heritage resources.

Mitigation Measures means the measures for the control, reduction or elimination of an
adverse impact of a development on the environment, including a restorative measure.

Project Proponentis a person, company, NGO or any agency that sponsors and promotes a
project.

Regulations means the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial

Environmental Examination and Environment Impact Assessment Regulations, 2000.

Soil Erosion means physical removal of soil either by wind or by running water.

Pollution means the presence in the environment or the introduction into it of substances
that have harmful or unpleasant effects.

Social Cohesion is defined as the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each
other in order to survive and prosper.

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Screening is the first step of IEE study. It helps in determining whether a project requires an
IEE or EIA.

Fog maker is a device that emits a dense vapor that appears similar to fog or smoke. Typically,
fog is created by vaporizing proprietary water and glycol-based or glycerin-based fluids or
through the atomization of mineral oil. This fluid (often referred to colloquially as fog juice)
vaporizes or atomizes inside the fog machine. Upon exiting the fog machine and mixing with
cooler outside air the vapor condenses, resulting in a thick visible fog.

Sensitive receptors include, but are not limited to, hospitals, schools, daycare facilities,
elderly housing and convalescent facilities. These are areas where the occupants are more
susceptible to the adverse effects of exposure to toxic chemicals, pesticides, and other
pollutants.

Afforestation is the planting of trees on land which was formerly used for land uses other
than forestry is called afforestation.

Silt Fence is a temporary sediment control device usually made of a synthetic filter fabric used
on construction and mine sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and
seas from sediment in storm water runoff.

OrdinarySand1 is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineralparticles. It

is defined by size, being finer than graveland coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural
class of soil or soil type i.e. a soil containing more than 30 percent sand-sized particles by
mass.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Identification of Project

Follwing are the ord sand projected are going, going to be advertised by Mines and Minerals
Deparment for putting into auction for grant for two years period. Under Section 12 of the
Punjab Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997(Amended 2012), the Initial Environmental
Examination (IEE) or Enviorment Impact Assessment (EIA) of mining concession is mandatory
from EPA Govemrent of Punjab .

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Keeping in view the site study of leased area, and to meet the reqeuriment of Seciton 12 of
PEPA, Acrt 1997 (Ameded 2012) the Mines and Minerals department Government of Punjab
has prepared IEE/EIA report of above mentionedthis project for perusel and for according
Environment Approval (NOC). Other necessary codal formalities like deposit of fee of project
if any will be met on behalf of successful bidders (Proponents).

1.2 Sand Mining Industry of Pakistan

Although published data are not realistic, sand mining in Pakistan is perhaps the biggest
mineral mining industry in the country like in many other countries of the world. In industry,
the term "sand" is applied to rock or mineral fragment ranging in size from particles retained
on a No. 200 sieve (0.074mm opening) to those passing a No. 4 sieve (4.76mm opening). The
construction industry consumes more than 95% of the sand produced, and most of the
remainder is used for specialized products such as glass. Another example is the use of coarse
aggregate of limestone in chemical industry.

The construction industry uses sand chiefly as aggregate in Portland cement concrete, mortar,
and plaster. Aggregate is the inert fragmental material bound into a mass by a cementing
material such as portland cement, asphalt, or gypsum plaster. Concrete mixes commonly
contain 15-20% water, 7-14% cement, and 66-78% aggregate. Sand to be used as aggregate
must meet many requirements to make the desired products (Goldman, 1956). Unsuitable
aggregates result in premature deterioration of the concrete.

Asphalt mixtures, used predominantly for paving, consists of combinations of sand and
mineral filler (materials finer than 0.003 in.), uniformly coated and mixed with asphalt
produced in the refining of petroleum. The sand used as asphalt aggregate must meet the
same general physical requirements as materials used for Portland cement concrete
aggregate. The sand ffrom the indcated projects eill be used in construion sites only.

1.3 Purpose of the Report

This report has been prepared for fullfillment of the requirements of the Punjab
Environmental Protection Act 1997 (Amendment 2012) (PEPA), is reproduced as under:

“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed with
the Provincial Agency an initial environmental examination or where the project is likely to

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cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment, and has
obtained from the Provincial Agency approval in respect thereof.”

It is of utter importance to examine the environmental impacts, both beneficial and adverse,
of the proposed project, and to recommend and propose mitigating measures to prevent,
minimize or mitigate such impacts. The IEE study of the proposed projects is necessary to
assess the environmental consequences of the extraction at the proposed sites and to suggest
appropriate, practical and site-specific mitigation as well as enhancement measures.

1.4 Objectives of the IEE study

 To provide the environmental and social baseline conditions of the project areas.

 To develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for adverse environmental

impacts and to enhance the capacity building.

 To identify the environmental issues relevant to the sand mining.

 To assess environmental impacts in terms of both quality and quantity.

 To suggest mitigation measures for minimizing of the adverse impacts.

 To suggest enhanced cutting measures, for improving the positive impacts.

 To propose rehabilitation development plan for the project site.

1.5 Brief Project Details

1.5.1 Nature of the Project

Ord.sand/ghassar/bhassar mining in District Kasur.

1.5.2 Project Locations and Size

The location of sand project in District Kasur is given below: -

1.5.3 Block Name

1 Ord Sand Chunian zone-2

2 Google Map

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 3 Coodinates

4. Location
It stretches over an area of 20110.867 acres with an average length of about 15.515 K.M.
and width of about 4.00K.M. The zone under discussion have abundant deposits of
sand/bhassar.

5. Magnitude

The lease will be granted to the successful bidder (proponent) for period of 2 years.
The capacity of the project is about 50 trolleys of excavated ord. sand per day. This is
also the threshold limit of the project.

6. Cost of the Project

The cost and magnitude of mining operations may be judged from the information given
below. The anticipated capital project cost is shown in Table No. 2-1.

Item Cost (PKR)

Mine Machinery and Equipment 0.1 Million monthly
Camp Office Expenses 0.02 Million Monthly
Environmental Compliance Budget 0.005 Million monthly
Supervisory Staff 0.03 Million monthly

RESERVE PRICE

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Rs. 4,20,00,000/-

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 Scope of Study

 Field Visit of the area taking major notes on:-

a) Mining Method
b) Loading of the mineral
c) Transportation
d) Impact of Vibration in case if explosive is being used
e) Impact of Vibration of heavy machinery if being used on the neighbor dwelling
houses.
f) Disposal of gangue material and its impact on water springs if any, dwelling
houses, forest, rain and drainage pattern.
g) Selection of follow up team for taking measurements of noise, temperature, water
sample, recording of the statement of the local.
h) Mine working plans, data on borehole if any, and design 3D modeling of the mine.
i) Based on the available data transfer the lease location on Geological Maps an
relocate on google earth map for reference.
j) IT Expert for downloading the requisite information regarding flora and fauna,
rainfall, temperature, wetlands, drainage pattern.
k) Economic Surveys of locality.
l) Post mining programs for land reclamation and rehabilitation.
m) Collection of all related information and data from websites and libraries.
n) Data compilation
o) Report writing
p) Draft report submission
q) Comments of the proponent
r) Incorporation of comments and views
s) Final report for submission to EPA
t) Follow up of observations of other departments if any
u) Securing of certificate/NOC from EPA, Punjab.
1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

Type and Category of the Project

The lease of ordinary sand is treated as minor mineral in Punjab Mineral Concession Rules
2002. According to the Punjab Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE & EIA)
Regulations, 2000, the proposed projects falls in Schedule I under sub-section (1) of Clause D
(Mining and mineral processing).

Alternatives Considered

1.1.1 Stream channel deposits

Stream channel deposits consist of sand deposited in stream beds along present or former
stream courses. Most channel deposits are easily mined.

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1.1.2 Flood plain deposits

Flood plain deposits of today consist of sand, silt, and clay, are avilable in different areas of
District Mianwali. However, these fine-grained materials in some places may be present only
as cover over usable sand deposit, particularly in areas where in the geological past the
streams were more vigorous. Generally, aggregate materials in such deposits are also
available and can be mined after the silt and clay have been stripped off.

1.1.3 Terrace deposits

Terrace deposits are bench-like features along a stream but above the present-day flood
plain. Terrace deposits consist of sand. Terrace deposits may be more desirable to mine as
compared to stream channel deposits. The materials in terrace and channel deposits are
generally like each other, but weathering processes may have altered some of the materials
in the terrace deposits.

Exploration for sand is generally guided by the needs of the producer which, in turn, is guided
by the local markets. However, there are certain criteria that a deposit must need to be of
interest. These are proximity to market, ease of obtaining the mining permit, and presence of
sufficient tonnage in the deposit.

1.1.4 Alternatives Consideration and Rejection

Following parameters favors the mining of the ordinary sand in the respective regions:

 Easy extraction of the minerals as the ordinary sand is present.

 No human settlements displacement or relocation associated with the project

development and operation.

In view of these facts, it can be concluded that the perforce chosen site is the obvious location
for the establishment of the commercial project and will not pose any adverseimpact or threat
on any component of the environment.

Considering the facts that mine site is at a safe distance from sensitive receptors and has
advantage of not only to be environment friendly but also potentially sound to enhance
sustainable development in the region. Therefore, given site is the most suitable.

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 1.2 Location and Site Layout

The project location and site layout map has been given in as

1.3 Details of the Project

1.3.1 Land use on site

The areas where the mining will be done is under no use. Most of proposed excavation sites
is abandoned. So, there won’t be any loss or degradation of productive land.

1.3.2 Road access

1.3.2.1 Ord Sand Chunian zone 2

This zone of ordinary sand is located at a distance of about 5 K.M. in the south west side
of Chunian City and it falls on Survey of Pakistan Topo graphic Sheet No.44-F/13. The
area of the zone consists upon the Agricultural lands having alluvial deposits of sand with
almost. 4-6 Ft soil overburden. The zone is located near villages Kandu Khara, Kandu
Ranggar, Shamsabad, Deo Sial, Gidpur, Chhina Hithar, Arzanipur, Kaure Sial etc.

Road Access Map of the Project Site

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Schedule of Implementation

The mining operations are conducted with due care and vigilance not to pollute the
environment or inflicting any kind of danger/threat to environments downstream. The impact
of mining is being analyzed in the subsequent chapters. In case of any adverse impact the
mitigating measures will be suggested for implementation and its schedule shown at
respective chapter.

Decription of the Project and Mining Method

Ordinary sand is mined generally from fluviall deposits — both from active channels and
floodplains/overbank areas or previous depositions. Mining of sand is also reported from
abandoned river channels of the rivers as well.

But in the present study, only one terminologyis used to refer the types of sand mining.

The depth of the pits is 8-10 feet from beneath the surface. No use of dredger machine will
be done.

1.3.3 Blasting materials

As the project is simple excavation and loading related, there will be no blasting activity.

1.3.4 Health, safety & hygiene

Health, Safety & Hygiene includes the following:

 First aid facility

At workplace workers and employers have enough information, knowledge and training
regarding first aid treatment in case of any emergency. The co-workers are always trained to
act in the emergency situations. In case of any serious emergency the services of Rescue
stations of Mines are taken.

 Safety trainings

Workers and all the staff is provided with proper training about the work and safety practices.
Regular training courses are being organized by the training wing of Inspectorate of Mines

15
Punjab and Pakistan Mine Owners Association. The lessee sends its trainees for such courses
subject to available seats.

 Use of drugs and narcotics

Drugs and narcotics are strictly prohibited. Smoking will be only allowed in rest timings at
properly isolated places.

1.3.5 Personal protective equipment

To control any health and safety risk and to reduce the magnitude of any adverse impact, the
workers are required by law to have the PPE such as safety helmet, safety googles, rubber
gloves, long shoes, safety lamps/torches etc. The company will provide the requisite PPE to
its employees where required.

1.3.6 Process flow chart

The mining activities are carried out in a very coordinated way. From the selection of site till
the excavation and conclusion of project, the mining supervisors and laborer are trained to
develop an understanding of complexity and sensitivity of the operations.

 Mode of excavation

The mode of excavation is manual. The mining will be carried out either by hand-spades or by
excavator machine.

 Depth of pits developed

The pits developed will be from 8-10 feet deep. This will expose the fertile land below the
sand which will help the farmers to cultivate the land.

The basic mechanism of sand mining is explained below:

 Selection of site

Not all the area is mineable. So premium locations are chosen away from sensitive receptors
for the extraction of minerals.

 Movement of machinery to location

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The machinery is transported to the specified location. A road may be developed for the
movement of the machinery. The machinery used is usually backhoe excavator and tractor
trolley.

 Storage

No storage facility is required on site. The proponent will not be storing the excavated sand
at the site.

 Loading
In the start and major tenure of the lease, the handloading operation will be used to pick and
load the tractor trolley. Where the reserve is feasible then the excavator machine might be
used for loading of sand to trolley. The pits will not be deeper than 8-10 feet as this is a surface
mineral.

 Transport to consumer end

The tractor trolley is hired on rental basis or at the consumer end. Therefore, the tractor
trolley after being loaded is moved to consumers as per requirement. Main supply market of
this block is Mianwali City and Jattan wala Town and its surrounding villages which are easily
accesible from lease area and pits of sand.
 Unloading
The unloading is done by consumer or tractor trolley owner/agency at the consumer area
which is concern of consumer.

Restoration and Rehabilitation Program

The heavy rains in certain months refills the cavities formed by the mining with sand. There
exists no human settlement within safe radius of the selected project site to be displaced
owing to the mining operations. No structure of any significance stands at the site to be
relocated or dismantled. The process of mining employed will be surface mining process in
which least disturbance to the vegetation features and the infra-structure at the projectsite
will occur. Salient Features of Rehabilitation Plan
 Objective
To return the land to conditions capable of further sand deposition and extraction
scientifically.
 Components recycling of overburden
This material will be used for filling low lying areas and construction of unpaved tracks.
 Upbringing of natural habitats and ecosystem

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The natural local environment will be maintained as far as possible by the least disturbance
of soil other than mining operation and plantation of native flora.
 Compliance with the NEQS
Compliance with the NEQS will be strictly observed regarding generation of the emissions,
effluents and wastes.

Governmental Approvals
The Mines and Minerals Department will offer the lease to the successful bidder (proponent)
after completion of codal formalities of auction.

POLICY, LEGISLATION, LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

Legal Framework

The capability of regulatory institutions for environmental management largely, ensures the
success of environmental assessment for ensuring that development projects are
environmentally sound and sustainable. For decision-making and policy formulation in the
environmental and conservation issues, the institutional framework, as it exists in Pakistan, is
described below:

National Environmental Regulatory/Legal Requirements

After the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of The Islamic Republic of Pakistan- 1973, the
regulation & management of environment has been delegated to the Provinces. The Federal
Ministry of Environment has been abolished and instead the Ministry of Climate Change was
created which controls: Pakistan Environmental Protection Council; Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency. Since the amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan, all provincial
Environmental Protection Agencies are working in their respective jurisdictions
independently. The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, sometimes known as Pak-
EPA, is an executive Government agency of Pakistan managed by the Ministry of Climate
Change (formerly Ministry of Environment).

The agency is charged with protecting human health and the environment by writing and
enforcing regulation based on laws passed by Parliament. The Pakistan Environmental
Protection Act was passed in 1997 by the Parliament repealing the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Ordinance 1983. The agency was established under the 1983 Ordinance and saved

18
in the 1997 Act. The agency is led by an appointed director-general, who is appointed by the
Prime Minister on the advice of the Minister for Environment.

National Conservation Strategy (NCS) – Pakistan

The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) – Pakistan, as approved by the Federal Cabinet in
March 1992 is the guiding document on the environmental issues in the country (Ref.
EUAD/IUCN, 1992). The NCS outlines the country’s primary approach towards encouraging
sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and improving efficiency in the use
and management of resources.

The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered
crucial for the preservation of Pakistan’s natural and physical environment. The core areas
that are relevant in the context of the envisaged project are pollution prevention and
abatement, restoration of supporting forestry and plantations, and preservation of cultural
heritage. A mid-term review of the achievements, impacts and prospects of Pakistan’s NCS
was undertaken between years 1999 - 2000.

The Government of Pakistan promulgated ―Pakistan Environmental Protec on Act in 1977.

Two organizations, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (Pak-EPC) and the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA), are primarily responsible for administering the
provisions of the Act. The Pak-EPC oversees the functioning of the Pak-EPA. Among its major
members include representatives of the Federal and Provincial Governments especially the
Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies, industry, non- governmental organizations,
academia, environment experts, Federation of Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the
private sector.

Pakistan Penal Code (1860)

The Pakistan Penal Code usually called PPC is a penal code for all offences charged in Pakistan.
Pakistan Penal Code is a general criminal law, applies all over the country, and contains
specific provisions on the subject. Thus, it prohibits mischief by killing or maiming animals, or
damaging works of irrigation or a river or a road or a bridge or drain or firing explosive
substances with intent to cause damage. The Code also prohibits public nuisance by acting
negligently to spread the infection of disease or disobeying quarantine rule or causing

19
adulteration of food or drink or drug, or fouling water or making the atmosphere noxious to
health etc.

Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997

The promulgation of the Environmental Protection Ordinance, 1983 was the first codifying
legislation to the issue of environmental protection. Later, the Government passed the
Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997, which is the basis of IEE/IEE studies
carried out for the projects in Pakistan.

PEPA, 1997 is a comprehensive legislation and provides protection, conservation,

rehabilitation and improvement of the environment. It contains concrete action plans and
programs for the prevention of pollution and promotes sustainable development. The salient
features of the law are:

 It covers the air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution including pollution caused by
motor vehicles.

 The Act provides National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for wastewater,
air emissions and noise.

 Law provides clear cut guidelines for IEE/IEE for various projects as per their
magnitude and anticipated impacts.

 Law also empowers Federal Government to issue notices and to enforce them for the
protection of the environment.

For the effective implementation of the provisions of PEPA, 1997, Pakistan Environmental
Protection Agency, headed by a Director General was constituted. On the same
pattern,Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies (EPA‘s) were created in all the
provinces.Environmental Tribunals were also constituted according to PEPA, 1997.

The Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act 2012 covers aspects related to the
protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment and the
prevention, control of pollution and promotion of sustainable development.

The Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act [PEP(A)A] 2012 establishes complete
regulatory and monitoring bodies, policies, rules, regulations and national environmental
quality standards. To ensure enforcement, the act establishes regulating bodies i.e. Punjab

20
Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and responsible bodies i.e. Punjab Environmental
Protection Agency (Punjab EPA) at Provincial level. The act extends to the whole of Punjab
Province.

Punjab -EPA has the power to arrest without warrant any person against whom reasonable
suspicion exists of his having been involved in an offence under the [PEP(A)A] 2012, and enter,
inspect and search without warrant any premises, vehicle or vessel. It also provides for seizing
any plant, machinery, equipment, vehicle or substance, record or document. [PEP(A)A] 2012
also provides the power to summon and enforce the attendance of any person and issuance
of Environmental Protection Order, PO 16, an Environmental Protection Order (EPO), in
relation to a person who is contravening a provision of the [PEP(A)A ] 2012.

Policy and Procedures for the Filing, Review and Approval of Environmental Assessments

This document sets out the key policies and procedural requirements. It contains a brief policy
statement on the purpose of environmental assessment and the goal of sustainable
development and requires that environmental assessment be integrated with feasibility
studies. It also defines the jurisdiction of the Federal and Provincial EPA’s. It lists down the
responsibilities of the proponent and states the duties of responsible authorities. It provides
schedules of reports that require either an IEE or IEE.

Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental Reports (November

1997/2000)

These guidelines are descriptive documents regarding the format and content of IEE/IEE
reports to be submi ed to EPA for ― No Objec on Cer ficate (NOC)/Environmental Approval
(EA). Following are the major areas, which are covered by these guidelines:

 The IEE report (scope, alternatives, site selection, format of IEE report).

 Assessing impacts (identification, analysis and production, baseline data,

significance).

 Mitigation and impact management (and preparing an environmental management

plan)

 Reporting (drafting style, main features, shortcomings, other forms of presentation).

 Review and decision making (role, steps, remedial options, checks and balances).

21
  Monitoring and auditing (systematic follow up, purpose effective data
management).

 Project Management (inter-disciplinary teams, programming and budgeting)

National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)

The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were first promulgated in 1993 and
have been amended in 1998 and 2000. The following standards are specified therein:

a) Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and

liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities, and
the sea (three separate sets of numbers).

b) Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants (32 parameters) in Drinking water

(including physical, chemical, biological, organic and radioactive parameters).

c) Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants (112 parameters) in gaseous and

particulate matter emissions from industrial sources.

d) Maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants in gaseous and particulate matter

emissions from ambient air.

e) Maximum allowable concentrations of noise in ambient air.

Regulations for Environmental Assessment

Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the PEPA-1997, a project failing under any
category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339 (I)/2000), requires the proponent to file an IEE with
the concerned PEPA. Projects falling under any category specified in Schedule II require the
proponent to file an EIA with the federal agency. Within ten working days of the IEE or EIA
having been deposited, the federal/provincial agency will confirm that the document
submitted is complete for review. During this time, should the federal/provincial agency
require the proponent to submit any additional information, it will return the IEE or EIA to the
proponent for revision, clearly listing those aspects that need further discussion.
Subsequently, the federal agency shall make every effort to complete an IEE review within 42
days and an EIA review within 90 days of filing. At the time of application, the project
proponent is also required to pay a specified official fee to the PEPA to process the case.

22
 Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports

These guidelines identify the key environmental issues that need to be assessed as well as
mitigation measures and project alternatives to be considered in the actual IEE. These
guidelines include:

 Sector overview of the industry and the processes

 Potential impacts on the environment

 Mitigation measures

 Monitoring and reporting

 Management and training

 Checklist of likely environmental impacts and mitigation measures

Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas

These guidelines identify sensitive and critical areas in Pakistan, in relation both to the natural
environment and the cultural aspects.

National Resettlement Policy and Ordinance

At this point, the only legislation relating to land acquisition and compensation is the Land
Acquisition Act (LAA) of 1894. Following a national consultative process, a national
resettlement policy and a related ordinance were drafted. The draft policy and the ordinance
are presently being reviewed by the provinces, and have yet to be approved and notified by
the government. The salient applicable features of the Draft Resettlement Policy are given
below:

 The Pak-EPA will be responsible for both environment-related as well as resettlement-

related matters.

 The responsibilities for implementation at a provincial level are to be delegated to the

concerned provincial EPAs with overall control of the provincial Planning and
Development (P&D) Departments.

 All categories of loss ‘arising from development projects that entail resettlement,
need to be addressed: these include not only loss of land, built-up property, other
infrastructure, and crops and trees, but also loss of income, job opportunities, and

23
 access to natural resources, etc.

 Vulnerable groups whose issues need to be addressed include: women, children,

destitute persons, tribal communities, squatters, those with usurper rights, and
landless groups.

 There should be a special emphasis on consultation with affected groups when

preparing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).

The provisions of the Draft Resettlement Policy are consistent with the requirements of the
World Bank OD 4.30 on involuntary resettlement.

Forest Act 1927

All India Forest Act, 1927 was adopted by the Government of Pakistan, which was
subsequently implemented by the respective provinces. Basically, the law was enacted to
conserve and protect the forest resources of the country for sustainable development. It lays
down Rules and Regulations for exploitation of various categories of forests such as reserved,
protected or unclassified. Further, the Act spells out the licensing method for timber cutting,
grazing, hunting etc. It also gives the details of magisterial powers of Forest Department
officers and penalties for offences committed about forest resources Other Relevant
Documents/Regulations

The list of other relevant documents/regulations are as follows:

 Canal and Drainage Act, 1873

 The Explosives Act, 1884

 The use of explosive is a compelling need at the quarries. The environmental

safeguards would require the calculated charge to minimize vibration and dust
creation.

 The Fire Wood and Charcoal (Restriction) Act, 1964

 Motor Vehicles Ordinance, 1965

 The West Pakistan Regulation and Control of Loudspeaker and Sound Amplifier
Ordinance, 1965.

 Agriculture Pesticides Ordinance, 1971

 The Antiquities Act, 1975

24
  Mines Act 1923 Duly Adopted and Up Dated

 The Act Ibid provides framework for ensuring safety of Mines and Mine workers,
defines rights and duties of mine owners and workers.

 Punjab Mineral Concession Rules 2002

Provincial Local Government Ordinances, 2001

These ordinances, issued following the devolution process, establish regulations for land use,
the conservation of natural vegetation, air, water, and land pollution, the disposal of solid
waste and wastewater effluents, as well as matters related to public health and safety.

25
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
An environmental baseline study is intended to establish a data base against which potential
impacts can be predicted and managed subsequently. The IEE of the proposed project covers
a comprehensive description of the project area, including regional resources which are
expected to be affected by the project, as well as, those which are not expected to be directly
affected by the operation of the project.

A site visit was conducted to survey the field area for collection of relevant data. Interviews
were conducted with the general public and stakeholders of the project area in order to seek
the public opinion on the implementation of the proposed project. The environmental
impacts of any activity or process will be assessed on the basis of deviation from the baseline
or normal situation. The following components form part of the baseline study:

 Physical Environment

 Ecological Environment

 Socioeconomic Environment

1.4 Physical Environment

1.4.1 Physical features around the project area2

Kasur District is one of the districts in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. It came into
existence on 1 July 1976. Earlier it was part of Lahore District. The district capital is Kasur city,
the birth city of the Sufi poet Bulleh Shah, well known in that region as well as in the whole of
Pakistan.

The district is bounded by the Ravi River in the north-west and river Sutlej in the south-east.
Whereas the old course of Beas River bifurcates the district into two equal parts locally known
as Hither and Uthar or Mithan Majh. Both of the areas have a height differential of
approximately 5.5 meters. The natural surface elevation of the district is 198 meters above
the sea level, having a general slope from north-east to south- west. Whereas the east and
west ends of the district comprise the flood plains of the rivers Sutlej and Ravi, characterized
by breaching of looping river Channels braided around meander bars.

2
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasur_District

26
Based on geography, topography and geology, the project area is briefly described below:

 Geography

The district is located between 31°7′0″N and 74°27′0″E. The demographical profile of district
shows that the total area of the district is 3,995 square kilometres. The total population of
Kasur district is 488,741 persons3. Literacy rate is about 48.6%, average household size is 6.4
people and average annual growth rate is 2.03% from 1998 to 20174.

 Seismic zone

According to seismic zoning of Pakistan the project area lies in seismic zone 2A5 and
represents minor damage. Earthquake with high intensity for a fundamental period of more
than 1 second may cause damage to infrastructure. Seismic zoning map of Pakistan is given
in figure 4-1 below.

Figure 0-1: Seismic Zoning Map of Pakistan

3
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasur#Geography
4
Source: http://www.pakinformation.com/population/kasur.html
5
Source: Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions 2007)

27
  Climate6

Kasur's climate is a local steppe climate. There is little rainfall throughout the year. According
to Köppen and Geiger, this climate is classified as BSh. The temperature here averages 23.9
°C. About 424 mm of precipitation falls annually. Precipitation is the lowest in November, with
an average of 3 mm. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in July, with an average of
125 mm.

Figure 0-2: Graphical Representation of Climate in Kasur

 Temperature7

At an average temperature of 33.7 °C, June is the hottest month of the year. The lowest
average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 12.2 °C. Between the
driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 122 mm. The variation in
temperatures throughout the year is 21.5 °C.

6
Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/pakistan/punjab/kasur-3512/
7
Source: https://en.climate-data.org/asia/pakistan/punjab/kasur-3512/

28
 Figure 0-3: Average Temperature in Kasur

Figure 0-4: Temperature of Kasur during Different Months

29
  Rainfall8

About 424 mm of precipitation falls annually. Precipitation is the lowest in November, with
an average of 3 mm. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in July, with an average of
125 mm. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 122 mm.

Figure 0-5: Average Precipitation in Kasur

The "mean daily maximum" (solid red line) shows the maximum temperature of an average
day for every month for Kasur. Likewise, "mean daily minimum" (solid blue line) shows the
average minimum temperature. Hot days and cold nights (dashed red and blue lines) show
the average of the hottest day and coldest night of each month of the last 30 years. Monthly
precipitations above 150 mm are mostly wet, below 30 mm mostly dry.

1.4.2 Water Resources

Water constitutes an important section of the physical environment of an IEE Study to define
its magnitude, quality and occurrence throughout the entire project corridor.

Water resources of the area are discussed under two broad headings, surface water resources
and groundwater resources.

 Surface Water

8
Source: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/kasur_pakistan_1174625

30
Surface waters resources are usually exposed to the surface of earth in the form of mobile
and immobile situation which includes snow-clad mountains, rivers, non-river streams, rain,
sleet, wetlands and oceans. Surface resourced waters are highly susceptible to natural and
anthropogenic derived contamination in terms of Chemical and Biological contamination and
thus are not used for sensitive applications such as drinking directly, unless it is pre-treated.
There is no surface water body found near the vacinity of the project area.

 Ground Water

Ground water resources are found hidden and camouflaged into the surface of earth in the
form of mobile and immobile state and exist as shallow and deep wells, confined and un-
confined aquifers, springs and watersheds. Ground resourced waters are not easily
susceptible to natural and anthropogenic derived contamination caused by
Chemical/Biological pollution and thus is directly used for sensitive applications such as
drinking even it is un-treated. The project area lies in the district of Kasur; the groundwater
table normally exists approximately 5 feet to more than 20 feet below the ground surface
level9.

1.5 Ecological Environment10

Ecological Environment includes:

 Flora

 Fauna

 Endangered species

1.5.1 Flora

Flora of the district has been greatly modified by human agency of the old open forests of
small trees and shrubs. There remains only a few Rakhs or portions of forest which are kept
as gazing ground for cattle etc. Amongst trees the most important are Kikar (Acacia arbica),
Shisham or Tahli (Dalbergia sissoo), Beri (Zizyphus jajaba), Toot (Morus marlaccae), Sharin
(Albizzia lebbek, Dharek (Malia azerdaracb), Phulahi (Acacia modesta), and Nim (Melia indica),

9
Source:https://www.waterinfo.net.pk/sites/default/files/knowledge/Time-
Rate%20changes%20in%20Groundwater%20Levels%20and%20Quality%2C%20Punjab%2C%202009.pdf
10
Source: http://www.findpk.com/cities/Explorer-pakistan-Kasur.html

31
Piple (Ficus indica) are planted for shade.The growth in Rakhs is composed mainly of three
kinds of trees Jand (Prosopis spicigera), Karril (Capparis aphylla), and van or Jal (Salvadora
obeoides). Occasionally pelu (acacia
Loucophhloea) and Farash (Tamarix articulate) are also found. Pilchi (Tamarix gallio) is found
on moist sandy soil along the rivers and is used for wicker-work, basket making etc.

1.5.2 Fauna

Wolf and jackal are the only wild animals of any importance. The former being met with
occasionally in the low land wastes of Chunian Tehsil but jackal are found everywhere. Changa
Manga reserve a thick forest is the only area in which a few Nelgai, pig, peafowl and here are
found.

1.5.3 Endangered Species

There are no floral or faunal species inhibiting in the project area that are included in RED
Data Book of IUCN, birds population is reported to be reduced during last decades because of
pesticide sprays on crops.

1.5.4 Socioeconomic Environment

Socio-economic and other relevant information revealed from Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey (MICS) 2007-08. One of the main objectives of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)
was to establish credible baseline for socio-economic status at each district level and Tehsil
Level.

Table 0-1: Summary of Socio-Economic Indicators

Socio-economic indicators District Vehari

Number of households 3,651

Number of under-5 children 3,027
Solid fuel used 88.1%
Improved source of drinking water 97.0%
Water treatment used in the household 2.1%
Percentage of population using sanitary means of excreta disposal. 59.8%
Proper disposal of solid waste 57.3%
Literacy rate 48.6%

32
 Percentage of children for primary school entry 14.2%
Total child labor 13.5%
Had cough for more than last three weeks 1.8%
Diagnosed with Tuberculosis during last one year 0.3%
Diagnosed with Hepatitis during last one year 0.4%
Employed 97.3%
Unemployed and seeking job 2.7%
Household Utilities
Electricity 86.7%
Gas 7.4%
Radio 34.7%
TV 47.8%
Cable TV 11.5%
Telephone 6.5%
Mobile 60.2%
Socio-economic Development
Livestock 62.0%
Mean household size 6.4
Govt. hospitals 7.5%

1.6 Quality of Life Values

1.6.1 Settlement Patterns

Different type of houses were observed in Kasur during survey i.e., katcha, pakka, semi pakka
etc having poor drainage system. Majority of people live within the village, a few in their
farmhouses (Deras) while some make their homes on their agricultural land. So there is no
formal pattern of settlements. Family composition of both the villages is dominantly joint
family system but a few nuclear families also exist in the area.

1.6.2 Indigenous People

People inhibiting the project area are of different castes and races. Most of the families have
been living here from 20 to 25 years which has led to homogeneity of culture and the
development of a closed economy. There is no danger of damage or elimination of indigenous
community as the locals are steeped in their customs and have no intention of relocating.

33
1.6.3 Religious & Ethnic Groups and Caste Patterns

According to the 1998 census, Punjabi is the most widely spoken firs language (88%),
whereas Urdu was the first language of 6.2% of the population. The district is unusual in that
Urdu accounts for a greater proportion of speakers in rural (7.3%) than in urban areas (2.6%).
Religion plays an important role in the social structure of the society. Out of total population
of Kasur, 95.4% are Muslims, 4.4% are Christians while the rest are Ahmadis, Hindus and
scheduled castes. 22.78% of them lived in the urban areas.

1.6.4 Social Infrastructure and Facilities

Overall the social and physical infrastructure is not up to the mark in the project area.
However, the project area is better as compared to the other rural areas of the province. A
brief account of the education, health, infrastructure and markets of the area is as follows:

1.6.5 Health facilities

Though earlier very few specialist doctors were available and most of the people resorted to
the adjacent city of Lahore for their health care needs. But now BIT (Bhatti International Trsut)
Teaching Hospital is catering needs of many people by offering free check up facilities.
Whereas many small hospitals and clinics are providing basic health services as well.

1.6.6 Economy of the area

Kasur is famous for raw leather produce which is sent within country and exported for further
cutting, polishing etc. Hand looms, which are now replaced by machine looms, have been
another big industry of kasur. Shoe making industry for sale within and outside the country
has also flourished in last two decades and is a major cause of economic well being of lower
class of area.

Chemical production is also a good business in the city. Whereas many textile, food, iron, light
machinery industries are located within the district. Kites and strings manufacturing has been
a business of the poor prior the ban on kite flying and use of chemical/steel string some years
ago. A very famous paper mill, Packages Ltd. has also erected its new mill in vicinity of the
main city. Some sugar mills are also located in Chunian and pattoki tehsils. Kasur is also well-
knowned as the city of foods, there are so many foods industries are working with the best
quality like: Kasuri Methi, Rice, Corn, Potatoes and many other vegetable & fruits products.

34
1.6.7 Agriculture

Kasur is famous for Huldi (kitchen & medical use vegetable). While wheat, potato, corn, sugar
cane, seasonal vegetables are famous field products. Cotton is also produced in very low
quantity now. Kasur is considered as main supplier for seasonal vegetables and milk to Lahore.
Dairy farming is also being practiced by farmers. Bamboo is very famous field produce of the
area, which is used for many purposes after value adding works on it. Kasur is also famous for
the Rahu fish caught from the Sutlej River, whereas many fish farms are there to produce and
sell fish at local level.

1.6.8 Livestock

Livestock ownership has also developed in the project area; especially among poor families
who sell animals during emergency days as mostly unemployed people depend on livestock
and sometimes agriculture. The people have livestock which include cows, goats, sheep and
donkeys. All the animals are of native breed. Milk and butter from the livestock are consumed
by the household and are sometimes sold in the market.Good breeds of buffaloes and cows
are found in the project area. Goats, horses, asses and mules are also part of the livestock.

1.6.9 Archeological and cultural sites

There were no archaeological sites near the project area although nearest chaks do have
mosques, graveyards and darbars.

1.7 Environmental Baseline Monitoring

To assess the baseline conditions of the project area, following environmental components
were monitored:

 Ambient air quality

 Noise levels

ANTICIPATED IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This section provides the analysis of the potential impacts during operational phase of the
proposed project on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment of the project
area. Environmental sensitivity of the project area is described through a thorough review of

35
 the project activities and the evaluation of significance of impacts is carried out through
Environmental Matrices. This chapter then suggests effective mitigation strategies to help
combat the adverse nature of these impacts and delivers a monitoring scheme to manage
them.

Table: Environmental Impacts and their Mitigation Measures

Environmenta Source &Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures

l Component
Physical Environment
Air Quality  Dust emissions are generated from site  Controlled water sprinkling
clearing and excavation activities. will be ensured to reduce
 Exhaust emissions from diesel engine PM10.
vehicles.  Maintain appropriate
buffers between the site
and receptors.
 Use of PPEs (face masks
etc.) will be ensured by the
mine operators and staff
 Increased noise levels due to use of heavy  Use of PPEs (noise
machinery such as excavators and tractors for suppression equipment-
transportation of excavated sand. ear mufflers etc.) will be
 Disturbance to workers and local residents. ensured by the workers
where noise levels are
higher than 85 (dBA).
 Excavation activities will be
Noise ensured at daytime when
background noise levels
are high.
 Vehicles speed limit will be
maintained to avoid
excessive vibrations.
 Regular maintenance of
machinery will be ensured.
 Due to movement of machinery and vehicles  Water sprinkling will be
to and from the site for the transportation of ensured.
excavated sand to the construction sites.  Vehicles speed will be
Soil Erosion  Reduced ability of the soil to store water and regulated.
nutrients.  Un-necessary movement
 Deposition of silt in low-laying areas. of vehicles will be avoided.

36
  Generated from workers activities only.  Proper waste management
 No solid waste will be generated from plan will be developed.
excavation operations.  Waste will be stored at site
 Ifnotproperlyhandled,ithasthe in covered containers.
Solid Waste
potentialtodegradethequalityofland.  Containers will be emptied
 Odor problem before they reach their
carrying capacity.
 Breeding of flies, birds, rodents etc.
 Littering will be prohibited
at the site.
 Undesirablequalityordinary
sand will be sold
tonearbymarkettoearnreve
nue.
 No wastewater will be generated from
Wastewater project activities, hence no adverse impact on N/A
environmental setting.
Biological Environment
 The  Excessive plantation will be
projectareaisdevoidofanyforestcover.Therear done in and around the
eno boundary of the leased
Flora treesexceptsomesmallsizebushesontheprojec area.
tsitenotworthmentioning.Therefore,
thereisnoquestionoftreecuttingduringtheoper
ationoftheprojectaswell.
 Temporary migration of mammals and birds  This impact is temporary
Fauna from the area. and no significant
mitigation measures are
required.
Endangered  No Endanger specie found in the project area, N/A
Species hence no impact.
Socio-economic Environment
 Noise associated with project operations  Maintain appropriate
and traffic. buffers between the site
 Dust and visual amenity and receptors.
 Excessive dust impacts may be harmful  If these buffers include
for some people, for example, with some vegetative screens, they
experiencing respiratory conditions. have the added benefit of
providing improvements in
Community
visual amenity.
Amenity
 If buffers are inadequate, it
may be necessary to use
additional management

37
 measures to control
impacts.
1.8 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures

 All vehicles used in the sand excavation will be regularly inspected and
maintained.
 Excavated sand will be transported to the construction sites according to
proper management practices.
 Vegetative buffers will be maintained regularly to keep them in good
condition.
 The labor force will be trained to use personal protective equipment to avoid
any accident/nearmiss at site.
 The vehicles used for transportation of sand will be properly designed, covered
and cleaned to avoid any risk while departing to and from the project site.
 Extensive plantation will be done in and around the project site to enhance
the environmental quality.
 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) will be strictly
operational throughout the project life. All monitored data will be reported to
the EPA Punjab, Lahore for scrutiny at their end.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN (EMMP)

Introduction

This section presents the environmental management plan (EMP) for the proposed project.
The EMP specifies the mitigation and management measures which the Proponent will
undertake and shows how the Project will mobilize organizational capacity and resources to
implement these measures. The EMP covers information on the management and mitigation
measures that will be taken into consideration to address impacts in respect of the following
project phases: construction and operation.

Objectives

The objective of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) is to address
all the major environmental issues and provide framework for the implementation of the
proposed mitigation measures during the operational phase of the project. The proper
implementation of the EMP will ensure that all the adverse environmental impacts identified
in the IEE report are adequately mitigated, either totally prevented or minimized to an

38
acceptable level and required actions to achieve those objectives are successfully adopted by
the concerned institutions or regulatory agencies.

The EMMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential impacts of the project
activities, to enhance project benefits and to introduce standards of good practice to be
adopted for all project works. The EMMP has been prepared with the objectives of:

 Defining roles and responsibilities of the project Proponent for the implementation of
EMMP and identifying areas where these roles and responsibilities can be shared with
other parties involved in the execution and monitoring of the project.
 Outlining mitigation measures required for avoiding or minimizing potential impacts
assessed in the IEE report.
 Developing a monitoring mechanism and identifying requisite monitoring parameters
to confirm effectiveness of the mitigation measures recommended in the IEE report.
 Defining the requirements for communication, documentation, training, monitoring,
management and implementation of the mitigation measures.

Implementation of EMMP

The implementation of EMMP should be carefully coordinated with the design and
construction program of the project. This will ensure the implementation of relevant
mitigation measures at the appropriate project stages.It will also ensure that adequate
resources are properly allocated to achieve the desired results. This EMMP has been prepared
to satisfy the requirement of “IEE and EIA Regulations, 2000”.

1.8.1 Responsibilities of functionaries

 Responsibilities of management of project

Management of the project will be responsible for the environmental management and
supervisory affairs during the project activities. Environmental personnel designated by the
management of the project will look after the environmental related issues during the project
activities. The responsibilities of environmental personnel are as follows:

 Monitoring progress of the project as per planned schedule of activities.

39
  Exercising oversight over the implementation of environmental mitigation measures
by the contractor.
 Documenting the experience in the implementation of the environmental process.

1.8.2 Environmental management and monitoring plan (EMMP)

The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) will be used as a management
and monitoring tool for implementation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE
report.

The EMMP matrix lists down:

 The required mitigation measures recommended in the IEE report.

 The person/organization directly responsible for adhering to or executing the required
mitigation measures and monitoring adherence to the mitigation measures.
 The parameters, which will be monitored to ensure compliance with the mitigation
measures.

The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan have been provided for operational
phase of the project below:

1.8.3 EMMP for Operational Phase

The EMMP during operational phase includes following:

 Air quality management & monitoring plan

 Noise management & monitoring plan
 Waste management & monitoring plan
 Health and safety management & monitoring plan
 Soil erosion management & monitoring plan

Training Needs

There is requirement of training of the members of Monitoring and Evaluation department of

multifarious environmental aspects pertaining to ordinary sand production. Training may be
arranged at a suitable institution.

1.8.4 Training schedules

 Environmental technical assistance and training plan

40
To raise the level of professional and managerial staff, there is a need to upgrade their
knowledge in the related areas. The proponent will play a key role in this respect and arrange
the trainings.

An environmental and social training and Technical Assistance (TA) program is to be carried
out before the implementation of the project. Contractor’s environmental awareness and
appropriate knowledge of environmental protection is critical to the successful
implementation of the EMMP because without appropriate environmental awareness,
knowledge and skills required for the implementation of the mitigation measures, it would be
difficult for the Contractor(s) workforce to implement effective environmental protection
measures.

Proponent will manage the environmental training program. This will organize training
courses for contractor staff to train them in specialized areas such as air and noise pollution
monitoring; develop environment operation manuals in consultation with the EPA, Punjab.

The training will take place in three phases:

Table: Training Schedules

Phases Description
 The workers and labor force will be given basic training on excavation
activities. They will be explained on different possible environmental
impacts resulting from the project activities.
 The environmental management and monitoring staff will be given basic
Phase-1 knowledge of the possible environmental impacts, how to mitigate them
and methods of personnel protection. This will take place during the
design phase.
 Second phase of training will take place at the start of operational phase.
 It will involve a hands-on experience of carrying out the different
activities during operational phase, responsibilities of each individual,
implementation of mitigation measures, use of personnel protective
equipment and an emergency handling and exit drill.
Phase-2

 All the staff will be briefed about the implementation of EMMP.

 The staff and workers will be provided with suitable and required PPEs.
Phase-3

41
Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation
1.8.5 Aim
In the context of ordinary sand mining, the monitoring and evaluation implies to watch both
qualitatively and quantitatively whether the mining site is being managed in a sustainable
manner as planned or certain bottlenecks are experienced.
Continuous monitoring and evaluation will help to improve the monitoring and
environmental controls to ensure compliance with the NEQS. The aim is to undertake timely
assessment of enhanced ordinary sand production and mitigation measures for overall
conservation of environment at the project site.
1.8.6 Objectives
 To undertake effective environmental surveillance of the mining site.
 To assess effectiveness of mitigation and enhanced Cutting measures.
 To ensure compliance with national environmental obligations.
 To monitor rehabilitation of recovered land including afforestation.
1.8.7 Environment, health & safety policies
 Environment policy
The environment policy right from initiation of ordinary sand extraction to its proper
operations will be based on:
 Compliance of applicable regulatory requirements;
 Conservation of natural resources;
 Maintaining a safe working environment;
 Providing high environmental expertise and know-how; and
 Regular training and refresher courses to achieve continuous improvement of
environment.
 Health & Safety Policy
The proponent identifies safety and health of the personnel as integral part of every work
aspect at every level. In addition to compliance with the statutory rules and regulations as the
minimum acceptable, M/s Abdul Jabbar will set nationally acceptable standards for practice
and will intend to achieve the above by the following:
 Provide adequate and continuous training to all personnel;
 Prepare an over-all safety & health manual giving general requirements of leadership,
planned inspections, job analysis & procedures, emergency preparedness,
organizational rules, necessity and use of protective equipment, health control, etc.;
 Systematic evaluation & measurement of system performance at all operational levels
and continuously update the over-all safety & health manual;

42
  Carrying out regular publicity campaigns effective personnel safety and health
conscious; and
 To employ a person as in-charge for planning, training & safety and make him
responsible for implementation of safety and health policy.

Equipment Maintenance Details

Improper maintenance of equipment may lead to safety and environmental hazards like
groundwater and soil contamination or injury to workers. Measures for the maintenance of
equipment involve:
 Always keep a suitable fire extinguisher ready.
 Secure unbolted heavy parts or engines if necessary to leave the work.
 Monthly tuning, servicing and cleaning of machinery and vehicles.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

At the end of this IEE study, following conclusions are drawn:

 All the positive and negative impacts resulting from ordinary sand mining have been
studied in due detail on environmental settings. All the negative impacts have been
given magnitude based on the defined criteria and scoring.
 Mitigation measures have been suggested for each negative impact resulting from OS
mining activities.
 No wastewater will be generated during project activities. There is no water
requirement during project operation except for drinking.
 The type of solid waste produced at the surface will be food waste only. The solid
waste produced will be stored in covered containers at the site.
 Proper mitigation measures may be adopted in the preliminary design including safe
and environmental friendly disposal of solid waste.
 Physical impacts like soil contamination, water contamination, air pollution, high noise
level, etc. are of temporary nature. However, during the operational stage by adopting
abatement technologies and development of buffer zones and green areas intensity
of negative impacts can be minimized.
 All the baseline environmental parameters including ambient air and noise are well
within the permissible limits of NEQS.
 There are no human settlements present within the vicinity of the project site. The
settlements are away from the lease at safer distances. All the sensitive receptors are
at a safer distance from the project area.
 No forest area or wildlife sanctuary exists within the vicinity of the Project Area, which
may be affected by the Project. Few reptiles like lizards and snakes will be disturbed

43
 by the Project activities and may have to move into nearby areas. This will be a
temporary insignificant impact. Anyhow the outskirts blank area is to be covered with
green trees so project site will not give barren look.
 The other social issues like safety of public and workers, security problems,
community accessibility issue, women accessibility to fields for their daily routine life
etc. will be of temporary nature.
 The mining activities will provide additional job opportunities to the community of the
area. The project will raise the income levels of the population of the area.
 Social cohesion is optimal.The environmental cost is negligible.
 M/s Abdul Jabbar is committed to ensure eco-friendly, sustainable, safe and sound
environment.
 Although comprehensive mitigation measures have been proposed in the report to
minimize the negative impacts and to enhance the positive impacts of the Project,
however, major recommended mitigation measures are summarized as under:
 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan proposed will be implemented in
the true spirit throughout the lifespan of the project.
 Safety signs or boards will be placed wherever needed within the premises of the PA.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) will be provided and ensured that they are used
by the workers during working hours. The workers working near the noise generating
machines will be strictly required to use ear muffs/ plugs
 Proper measures will be taken to control the air emission or high noise levels.
 Transportation vehicles and equipment must be properly maintained and tuned well.
 Regular monitoring and auditing will be taken by the management to ensure the
compliance of all the mitigation measures.
 Extensive plantation must be carried out throughout the tenure of lease as an
environmental enhancement measure.
 Fire extinguishers or firefighting equipment will be provided at well notified points to
cope with fire events.
 Good housekeeping will be ensured by the management.
 First aid medical facility will be provided at the project site.
 Environmental monitoring will be carried out by the company as suggested and
communicated by EPA, Punjab.

44
Plantation Estimate
Species of plants

For the plantation campaign, any of the following species will be used, depending upon ease
of availability.

List of plant species may be planted

 Kikar

 Shesham

 Sufaida

 Toot

 Sirris

QUERIES RAISED ON IEE REPORT OF DISTRICT KASUR.

The following information / documents are provided as desired.

1: - Nature of Area as per record of municipality / TMA?

As per record of Municipality/TMA areas of Chunian Zone-2 falls in category of villages and
small town.

2: - Layout map of district showing each block?

Total 07 Blocks/zones of same mineral exist in the whole District. Colored print of Google
earth maps of Chunian Zone-2 is enclosed as ANNEX-A.

3: - Estimated cost of the project?

Reserve price of Chunian Zone-2 is Rs.4,20,00,000/-. More detail is also provided in IEE report.

4: - Distance from sensitive receptors (Educational institution, Road, Housing Society, Water
body, etc.) and measure to reduce impacts...?

Different villages and roads are available at site, but as per Rules of Mines and Minerals
Department, a safe distance of 100 meters from station, railway line, road etc. and 1500 ft.
from the protection Bund of Irrigation Department be left for safty of the structure while
excavating sand from the lease area. Lease holder is bound to work at a distance of 100m

45
from the main metaled road, infrastructures, railway line, canals, bridges etc. as per rule 213
of Punjab Mining concession and as per conditions of work order.

5: - Threshold limit of excavation/?

Threshold limit of excavation of all blocks/zones of District Kasur Varying from 20 to 35 ft

maximum. Furthermore, section of Mines and Minerals Department, Chief Inspectorate
General of Mines and Minerals, Punjab monitor the safety relating issues of sand pits etc.
Inspectorate General, Mines and Minerals Punjab has authority to close all dangerous pit as
per Mine Act, 1923.

6: - Disposal of ¾ feet soil over- burdened?

Overburden /clay layer removed from those blocks/zones which are mainly consisted upon
agricultural land. Sand is excavated from agricultural land after the consent and agreement
of landowner and lease holder, rights of landowner is protected under rule 208 of Punjab
Mining Concession rules. Now days, it is included in the agreement lease holder excavate the
sand and level the pit in the end. Lands are very precious and expensive today, lease holders
excavate sand and fill the soil instantly for levelling for sake of cultivation in future.
Furthermore, mostly those landowners allow for sand excavation whose land is above the
level of surrounding lands to make the land better for cultivation and to provide water easily
for sake of cultivation etc. in some cases soil excavated from the area and stock nearby for
future levelling. In these cases, soil will be covered with polethene sheets to protect the
environment in case of storm, rains etc.

7: - Measure to control sand dust and PM (During operational phase)?

Water pumps and electricity connection will be provided at water site for continuous water
supply to avoid sand dust and Particular Matters PM. In those areas where electricity is not
available, water tanks will be used for water sprinkling to avoid sand dust and sand carriers
will be transport the sand through tractor trollies after covering the trollies to protect
environment. It will be included in the responsibility list of person employed at site.

46
8: - Restoration and Rehabilitation plan that how subject site will be restoring after
excavation (specially both for agriculture area and river bed)?

No structure of any significance stands at the site to be relocated or dismantled. The process
of mining employed will be surface mining process in which least disturbance to the
vegetation features and the infra-structure at the projectsite will occur. Salient Features of
Rehabilitation Plan.Now days, agreements of agricultural land for sand excavation is done on
a condition that sand excavation and soil filling will be done at the ame time for timely future
cultivation of land.furthermore, it will be ensured that lessee will fill the cavities at the same
time for protection of environment. In other cases removed soil will be placed at near place
and will be covered properly with sheets in order to protect the environment. It will be ensure
to return the land to conditions capable of further sand deposition and extraction
scientifically.The soil /removed material will be used for filling low lying areas and
construction of unpaved tracks.

9: Upbringing of natural habitats and ecosystem

The natural local environment will be maintained as far as possible by the least disturbance
of soil other than mining operation and plantation of native flora

10: - Detail about trees / crops cutting (in case of agriculture area)?

No forest area or wildlife sanctuary exists within the vicinity of the Project Area, which may
be affected by the Project. Few reptiles like lizards and snakes will be disturbed by the Project
activities and may have to move into nearby areas. This will be a temporary insignificant
impact. Anyhow the outskirts blank area is to be covered with green trees so project site will
not give barren look. No trees and crop will be cut and effect from the project.

11: - List of individuals and organizations consulted along with their written feedback?

When the zones and blocks are fabricating people of local areas are consulted regarding
creation of sand blocks/zones. Furthermore, some individuals also filed application in field as
well as before competent authorities regarding creation of blocks and zones to full fill the
requirement of local construction need as well as employment. After creation these blocks
and zones forwarded to competent authority for final approval. Blocks and zones are created
after the approval of competent authority to full fill the requirements/ needs of local for sand
and keeping in view the sand market potential of the area. It is very important to mention

47
here that after auction of lease, lease holders will not have installed any pit in Government,
private end etc. without prior permission from the concerned authorities. Rights of landowner
is also protected under rule 208 of Punjab Mining Concession Rules, 2002. Lessee/lease holder
will pay surface rent to landowner for use of its land for sand excavation but this agreement
etc. will be done after auction.

12: - Mechanism to cover the excavation pits and how it will be insured?

Now days, agreements of agricultural land for sand excavation is done on a condition that
sand excavation and soil filling will be done at the ame time for timely future cultivation of
land.furthermore, it will be ensured that lessee will fill the cavities at the same time for
protection of environment. In other cases removed soil will be placed at near place and will
be covered properly with sheets in order to protect the environment. Excavation pits on site
must be covered and water will be sprinkled to prevent sand blown off by wind.

13: - Detail about temporary storage of excavated sand?

Excavated sand will not be stored even temporarily, all the sand excavates and transport
through private tractor trollies at the spot. It will also be ensuring that undesirable sand will
be sold to the market rather than left as waste.

14: - Necessary measure to main the extraction of sand and river profile?

The river channel will not be disturbed, it is important to mention here lease holder will not
divert the natural flow of water with artificial creation of bund, hindrance on the way of water.
It will also be ensured from the inspection and on such practices such activates if done by lessee
will be removed instantly and action and penalties will be charged to stop from such activities.
Lease holder is bound that he will not disturb the natural water flow of river.

15: - Environmental management plan?

Environmental Management plan already provided in IEE report at 7.8 to 7.9.

16: - Environmental budget breakup?

5-10 % of the lease value will be invested in lease period of two years for better environment
and on tree plantation for environment and for betterment of our self and future generation.

17: - Safe transportation measures (covering of material and avidness of public pathways
for transportation)?

48
All vehicles used in the sand excavation will be regularly inspected and maintained.
Excavated sand will be transported to the construction sites according to proper
management practices. The vehicles used for transportation of sand will be properly
designed, covered and cleaned to avoid any risk while departing to and from the project
site.
18:- Safe working hours in context of noise ?
Sand excavation work will be performed during light hours from 0500 hours to 1900 hours
during summer season and from 0500 hours to 1800 hours during winter season.

19:- Two electronic copies of IEEE reports ?

Electronic copies are already send to Deputy Director EPA.

REFERENCES

 Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions 2007)

 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(MICS)2007-08

 The IUCN Red List-A Key Conservation Tool

 Punjab Development Statistics 2005

 District Vehari-Hazard, Vulnerability and Development Profile

 International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 1, No 3, 2012, 125

– 134

 Minerals and Rocks for Industry, Geological Survey of Pakistan.

 Monitoring Report of Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Sustainable Collection
and Extraction of Sand, Gravel and Stones (SG&S) from Various Rivers of Bank District.

 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTOFS AND MINING:ACAS THERIVERC ATCHMENTS OF VEMBANAD LA

SOUTH WEST INDIA.

 Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project Sectoral Social and Environmental

Assessment Phase I &II.

 Environmental Impact of Sand Mining in Malir River Bed Karachi, Pakistan V.

Husain¹*,G.Hamid1,M.Bilal¹,R.Yassen¹andS.Anjum².

 MineralProcessingTechnology:AnIntroductiontothePracticalAspectsofOre Treatment

49
 and Mineral Recovery By Barry A. Wills and James A, Finch.

 BASICS IN MINERAL PROCESSING by METSO.

 (Khawaja,SaimaAminandNusratJahanNabeela.2014),“ReviewofPakistan
EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyRegulations,2000”,Publishedby:IUCNPakistan (National
Impact Assessment Programme),pp.7,11&13).

 (J.YamatomiandS.Okubo),“SurfaceMiningMethodsandEquipment”,CIVIL.
ENGINEERING – Vol. II, pp. 1-2.

 10.(Alecia M. Spooner), Environmental Science for Dummies, “The Environmental

Science of Surface Mining”.

 NationalMineralpolicy2013,GovernmentofPakistan,MinistryofPetroleumandNatural
Resources,Islamabad,PakistanFebruary2013.

 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of Initial Environmental

ExaminationandInitialEnvironmentalExaminationRegulations.2000.

 Guidelines for the preparation and review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency,Government of Pakistan,October1997.

 Notification for IEE projects byEPA.

 Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook,The WorldBank,1998.

 The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, Environment and Urban

Affairs‘Division(presently-MinistryofEnvironment,UrbanAffairsandWildLife),
Government of Pakistan,Islamabad.

 Punjab Environmental Quality Standards for Drinking Water.

 Punjab Environmental Quality Standards for Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Noise.

 Punjab Environmental Quality Standards for Ambient Air.

 STANDARDHANDBOOKOFENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING,BYRobertA.Corbitt, 1989, McGraw-

HILL, INC.; New York,USA.

 Topographical Maps of Punjab.

 Punjab Environmental Quality Standards for Noise.

 The Canal and Drainage Act,1873.

 The Punjab Plantation and Maintenance of Trees Act,1974.

50
 The Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation, Conservation and Management) Act and
Rules,1974.

 Information and data provided by the project tproponent.

 Technical design data related to the project.

 Information gathered through discussions with the project related person soft he
project proponent.

 29.“Guidelines for Self-Monitoring and Reporting by the Industry (SMART),” Final

Report,March 1998, approved by PEPC, August 1999

 Mining & Environment by Prf.Bharat B.Dhar.

 The Regulation of Mines and Oil-Fields and Mineral Development (Government

Control) Act,1946.

 Mining Environmental Hand book byJerrold J.Marcus.

51