Topic:

Information technology

Department of Special Education

Session 2020-2024
Submitted To:

Dr.Inam Gilani

Submitted by:

M.Haris

Haris Raiz (1023)

Samra Saleem (1037)

Aqsa Yasin

Sidra Ismail

Mubbra Ismail

Semester:

1st (BS Special Education)

Define Computer

Computer is an electronic machine that can be process data and

information .a device which take instruction and data in the form of
input, perform processing according to the given instruction and provide
output used for solving of any problem.

Components of computer

Data:

A collection of raw facts and figure is called data. Moreover a device

which takes instruction and data in the form of input, perform processing
according to the given instruction and provide output as a result is called
data.

Example: 3+4=?

Here 3, +, and 4 are data given.

Data Processing:

The process of converting data into useful information is called data

processing. Manipulation of data by a computer it include the
conservation of raw data to machine-readable form. Any use of
computer to perform defined operations on data can be included under
data processing

Information:

The processed for of data is called information.

Information is an organized and processed form of data. It is more

meaningful than data.

Example: 3+4=7
Here 7 is information of given

The device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of

instruction) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic
digital computer.
Types of memory

There are two type of memory:

1. Primary Memory

2. Secondary Memory
Secondary memory refers to storage device such as hard device. It may also refers
to removable storage media or devise such as USBs, CDs and DVDs.
PRIMARY MEMORY

Primary memory is computer memory that is accessed directly by the CPU. RAM
(Random Access Memory) consists of one or more memory modules that
temporarily store data while a computer is running. RAM is volatile memory
meaning it is erased when the power is turned off.

TYPES OF PRIMARY MEMORY

1. RAM (Random Access Memory

2. ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM(Random Access ROM(Read Only Memory)

Memory)
 ROM is slower than
 Ram is faster than RAM.
ROM
 It is non-volatile
 It is volatile memory. memory.

 It is costly than ROM  It is cheaper than RAM.

 It is temporary  It is permanent memory.

memory.
Parts of computer:

There are two parts of computer

1. Hardware 2 .software

Hardware:

Hardware refer to the physical components of a computer’s hardware is

any part of the computer that we can touch these parts

Example:

Keyboard, printer, CPU, monitors

Software:

We can see and also use the software but cannot actually touch them.

Example:

1. MS office

2. MS Word

3. Android and Microsoft windows

There are two types of software

1. Application software

2. System software

Application software:

Application software is a program or group of programs designed for

end users

Example:

Word processing software

(MS word, WordPad)

1. Multimedia software

2. E-mail
System software:

Software designed to a plate for other software.

Example:

Android and Microsoft window game engines

Operating System:
Operating system is system software that manages computer hardware,
software resources and provided common services for computer
programmers.

Example:
1. File Management
2. Memory Management

Input device:
Pieces of equipment/hardware which help u enter data into a computer.

Example:

Keyboard

Mouse

Output device:

A piece of equipment/hardware which gives out of

the entered input, once it is processed (i.e. converts data from machine
language to a human-understandable language)

Example:

Monitor

Printer
Charactericyis of computer:

There are five charactericts of computers

Speed

Accuracy
Diligence

Storage capability

Versatility

Speed:

The computer can process data very fat, at the rate of

millions of instructions per second.

Accuracy:

Computer provides a high degree of accuracy.

Diligence:

When used for a longer period of time, the computer does not tire.

Storage capability:

Large volume of data and information can be stored in the computer.

Versatility:
The capacity of computer of performing more than one task at the same

time.

Role of computer and information technology in

education:

In earlier day, computers were used in the classroom

to teach the basic skills.

Word processor was used to improve the writing

skills of the students.

Computers are playing an important role in the

information age. In the area of education to
improve the quality of learning as well as teaching.

Distance learning:

A method of study where teachers and students do

not meet in a classroom but use the internet-mail etc.
to have classes.
Online examination and monitory:

System has completely changed due to the

development of modern education technology. These
systems ensure about the fairness and impartiality in
the examination system based on wed. Today
various exam like GRE, GMAT, SAT, eyc.there are
benefits of computer aided learning.
.Security

.Fairness and impartiality

.Save time and cost

Computer aided learning:

Computer aided learning is an integrative,
technology, which describes an educational
environment where a computer program is used to
assist the user in learning a particular subject.

More interesting joyful and sustainable.

Commination device:
A commination device is a hardware device capable of transmitting an
analog or digital signal over the telephone other c commination wire, or
wirelessly.

Example:

.NIC (network interface card)

.Wi-Fi device
There are three types of network

LAN (local area network)

MAN (metropolitan area network)

WAN (wide area network)

LAN:

LAN is a computer network that interconnects computers within a

limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or
office building.

Example:

Lab of college

Uses

One only copy of software can be shared

Data can be shared by all users.

MAN:
A metropolitan area network is a class of network which serves a large
geographical area between 5 to 50 kilometer ranges. This geographical
area can include several buildings, such as a college campus, sometimes
referred to as a campus network, or an area as large as a city
(metropolitan area).

Example:

Cable TV

Campus of a college in a city

Advantages of man

MAN covers a large area than LAN

It provides higher data speed than LAN

Disadvantages:

It is more expensive than LAN

It is difficult to maintain as compared to LAN

WAN:
A wide area network is a telecommunication network that extends over
a large geographic area for the primry purpose of computer networking.
Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommuniction.

Example:

 ATM
NADRA
Microsoft window:

Operating system:

It is the programs which administers the running of other

programs and help the computer system.

Graphical user interface (GUI):

A graphical user interface enables the user to give
commands through icons and pull-down menus.

Desktop:

The desktop is a work space where important tools are

located.

The printer:

The Microsoft window allows the users to use a mouse to

give commands.
Object and icons:

The program and file on the desktop are called object is

separated by icons.
Taskbar:

The taskbar is horizontal bar at the bottom of the desktop

at the left and a start button.
Program:

All programs allow user the select from all the program
and files on the stored on system.
Search:

The search features allow user to find and open a

program.

Shutdown:

Shutdown allows the user to allow computer shutdown or

power off.
Libraries:

This folder contain folder for music and images files

Window to operating system

Personal computer operating system

Developed by Microsoft

Released on 29th July 2015

Work on different platform