Answers of Chapter 6 Problems

Q1)
Three reservoirs are connected as shown in the figure below. All information is as shown in figure. The
water temperature is 20 oC. What is the discharge and flow direction in each line?

Answer:
Q2)
Three reservoirs are interconnected as shown in the next figure. All relevant data are as shown
in the figure. If minor losses can be ignored, and all pipes have a friction factor of 0.02, what is
the direction of flow and pressure at point D?

Solution:
The following data are developed:
The solution proceeds by assuming a head at D and then solving for V and Q in each line and then
checking continuity. First Assume the head at D is equal to the elevation in Reservoir B, i.e., 120 m. Then
solving the above equations for V, we get VBD = 0, VAD = 4.429 m/s, and VDC = 5.64 m/s; whence, QAD =
0.0348 m3/s and QDC = 0.177 m3/s. Of course, this does not maintain continuity in the lines, so the head at
D must be lowered somewhat to allow for some flow from B to D and to decrease the flow from D to C.
Using an excel spreadsheet to accomplish this, the results are given below:

Then, the final head at D is 114.5 m, so the pressure head is 114.5 -75 = 39.5 m. So, the pressure at D is
39.5 x9810 = 387495 N/m2.
Q3.
A pipeline branches into two parallel lines as shown in figure. The pipe diameters, lengths and
materials are as shown in the figure. If the flow entering the branch is 0.5 m3/s, what is the flow
in each branch? Assume the water temperature is 20° C. Considering 20 cm diameter pipe as
pipe-1 and 30 cm diameter pipe as pipe-2, use kinematic viscosity 1.003 x 10-6 m2/s.

Solution:
Q3.

ε1 / d1 = 0.15 / 200 = 0.0075 ε2/d2 = 0.045 / 300 = 0.00015

Q4)

Using the Hazen-Williams equation, determine the discharge capacity of a 0.5 m diameter
reverted steel storm sewer line running on a slope of 0.001 m/m and flowing by gravity. Given
that Hazen-Williams Coefficient = 110.
Solution:

S = 0.001 m/m, d = 0.5 m reverted steel, and CHW = 110

V = CHW R0.63 S0.54 = (110) (0.5/4)0.63 (0.001)0.54 = 0.712 m/s

Q = VA = 0.712 (0.196) = 0.140 m3/s.

Q5.
A single loop pipe network is shown in below figure. The distance between each junction is 1000 ft and
all junctions are at the same elevation, all pipes are new cast iron. What is the flowrate and direction in
each line of the network? Given that the new cast iron pipe roughness (𝜀) is 0.00085 ft, kinematic
viscosity is (v) 1.059 x 10-5 ft2/s

Answer:
The given problem data as shown in the table below:
Pipe d(ft) 𝜺(𝒇𝒕) 𝜺 ⁄𝒅 A(ft2)
AB 0.83 0.00085 0.001024 0.541
AD 1 0.00085 0.00085 0.785
BC 0.67 0.00085 0.00129 0.353
DC 0.83 0.00085 0.001024 0.541

Distribute the flow as shown in the figure and summarized on the table follows:
Loop ABCD:
Pipe Q(cfs) V(ft/s) Re x 105 𝑓 hf (ft)
AB c 0.79 1.46 1.14 0.0211 0.841
AD cc 1.21 1.541 1.46 0.0202 0.745
BC c 0.12 0.340 0.22 0.0258 0.0694
DC cc 0.76 1.405 1.10 0.0212 0.783

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝒇𝒕

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐𝟖 𝒇𝒕

Error of Closure = 0.9104 – 1.528 = - 0.6176ft

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 − ∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
∆𝑸 =
𝒉𝒇𝒄 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
𝟐[∑ +∑ ]
𝑸𝒄 𝑸𝒄𝒄
𝟎.𝟔𝟏𝟕𝟔
𝟎.𝟕𝟒𝟓 𝟎.𝟕𝟖𝟑 = 0.094 ft /s
3
∆𝑸 = 𝟎.𝟖𝟒𝟏 𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟗𝟒
𝟐[( 𝟎.𝟕𝟗 + 𝟎.𝟏𝟐 )+( 𝟏.𝟐𝟏 + 𝟎.𝟕𝟔 )]

Which must be subtracted from counterclockwise side and added to the clockwise side of the loop. This
results in the next distribution of flows table:
Pipe Q(cfs) V(ft/s) Re x 105 𝑓 hf (ft)
AB c 0.79+0.094 = 0.884 1.36 1.066 0.0213 0.737
AD cc 1.21-0.094 =1.116 1.422 1.343 0.0203 0.637
BC c 0.12+0.094 = 0.214 0.606 0.383 0.0241 0.206
DC cc 0.76-0.094= 0.666 1.231 0.965 0.0214 0.607

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟔 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟑 𝒇𝒕

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟑𝟕 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟕 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟒𝟒 𝒇𝒕

Error of Closure = 0.943 – 1.244 = - 0.301ft

∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄 − ∑ 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
∆𝑸 =
𝒉𝒇𝒄 𝒉𝒇𝒄𝒄
𝟐[∑ +∑ ]
𝑸𝒄 𝑸𝒄𝒄
𝟎.𝟑𝟎𝟏
∆𝑸 = 𝟎.𝟕𝟑𝟕 𝟎.𝟐𝟎𝟔 𝟎.𝟔𝟑𝟕 𝟎.𝟔𝟎𝟕 = 0.046 cfs ≈
𝟐[(𝟎.𝟖𝟖𝟒+𝟎.𝟐𝟏𝟒)+( 𝟏.𝟏𝟏𝟔+𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟔)]
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝒄𝒇𝒔 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉 𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
Which must be subtracted from counterclockwise side and added to the clockwise side of the loop. This
results in the next distribution of flows table:

Final flow rate:

Pipe Flow rate (ft3/s)

AB 0.934
BC 0.264
AD 1.066
DC 0.616