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Gemp111 PDF
Gemp111 PDF
• Exponents are used to express large numbers in shorter form to
make them easy to read, understand, compare and operate upon.
• a × a × a × a = a4 (read as ‘a’ raised to the exponent 4 or the fourth
power of a), where ‘a’ is the base and 4 is the exponent and a4 is
called the exponential form. a × a × a × a is called the expanded
form.
• For any non-zero integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ and whole numbers m and n,
(i) am × an = am+n
(ii) am ÷ an = am–n , m>n
(iii) (am)n = amn
(iv) am × bm = (ab)m
m
a
(v) a ÷ b =
m m
b
(vi) a0 = 1
(vii) (–1)even number = 1
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5 3
Example 2: ( −7 ) × ( −7 ) is equal to
8 8 15 2
(a) ( −7 ) (b) – ( 7 ) (c) ( −7 ) (d) ( −7 )
Solution: Correct answer is (a).
Words Numbers Algebra
To multiply powers
with the same base, 35 × 38 = 35 + 8 = 313 b m ×bn = b m+n
keep the base and add
the exponents.
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a 7b 3
Example 5: = __________
a 5b
Solution: (ab)2
a4 a + a + a + a
Example 7: =
b3 b +b +b
Solution: False
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5 11 8x
5 5 5
Example 10: Find x so that × =
3 3 3
5 11 8x
5 5 5
Solution: Given × =
3 3 3
55 511 5
8x a
m
a m
So, × = Using = m
35 311 3 b b
8x
55 × 511 5
or =
35 × 311 3
8x
(5)16 5
or = {Using am× an = (a)m+n}
(3)16 3
16 8x
5 5
or =
3 3
or 16 = 8x
Thus, 8x = 16
Therefore, x = 2
236,00,000 3 9
= ×100,00,000
100,00,000 3 3
= 2.36 × 107 1
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Example 14
5 19 8x
1 1 1
Find x such that × =
5 5 5
Plan a Strategy
Solve
5 19 8x
1 1 1
• Given, × =
5 5 5
5 +19 8x
1 1
=
5 5
24 8x
1 1
=
5 5
On both the sides, powers have the same base. So, their
exponents must be equal
Therefore, 24 = 8x
24
or x = =3
8
Hence, the value of x is 3.
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Revise
• Substitute the value of x in the equation and check if it
satisfies the equation.
5 19 5 +19 24
1 1 1 1
LHS = × = =
5 5 5 5
8x 8 ×3 24
1 1 1
RHS = = =
5 5 5
LHS = RHS
Hence, the equation is satisfied with x = 3. So, our answer
is correct.
In questions 1 to 22, there are four options, out of which one is correct.
Write the correct one.
1. [(–3)2]3 is equal to
(a) (–3)8 (b) (–3)6 (c) (–3)5 (d) (–3)23
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5. am ×an is equal to
(a) (a2)mn (b) am–n (c) am+n (d) amn
1022 + 1020
7. Value of is
1020
(a) 10 (b) 1042 (c) 101 (d) 1022
8. The standard form of the number 12345 is
(a) 1234.5 × 101 (b) 123.45 × 102
(c) 12.345 × 103 (d) 1.2345 × 104
9. If 21998 – 21997 – 21996 + 21995 = K.21995, then the value of K is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
10. Which of the follwing is equal to 1?
(a) 20 + 30 + 40 (b) 20 × 30 × 40
(c) (30 – 20) × 40 (d) (30 – 20) × (30 +20)
11. In standard form, the number 72105.4 is written as 7.21054 × 10n
where n is equal to
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
−2
12. Square of is
3
−2 2 −4 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 9 9
Words Numbers Algebra
To divide powers with
the same base, keep bm
69 = b m –n
the base and subtract
4
= 6 9 –4 = 65 b n
the exponents. 6
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Product of Powers Property
−1
13. Cube of is
4
–1 1 −1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 16 64 64
– 5 4
14. Which of the following is not equal to ?
4
(– 5) 4 54
(a) (b)
44 (– 4 )4
54 5 5 5 5
(c) – (d) − × − × − × −
44 4 4 4 4
30 ×53 24
(c) (d)
5×25 (70 +30 )3
3 3
2 5
16. × is equal to
3 7
9 6 3 0
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
(a) × (b) × (c) × (d) ×
3 7 3 7 3 7 3 7
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4 9 3 _____ 11
11 5 11 –1 –1 –1
25. × ( ____ ) = 26. × =
15 15 4 4 4
Expression Expression Written Using Number of Simplified
Repeated Multiplication Factors Expression
22 . 24 (2 . 2) × (2 . 2 . 2 . 2) 6 26
35 . 35 (3 . 3 . 3) × (3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3)
a2 . a3
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Words Numbers Algebra
To raise a power to a
power, keep the base (94)5 = 94 . 5 = 920 (bm)n = bm.n
and multiply the
exponents.
4 2
7 3 ___ 10
6 6
5 ___
=
6
7
27.
28. 13 ÷ 13 =
11 11 13
2
–1 16 ___ 5 3
= 13 2 13
–1
29. 30. ÷ ( __ ) =
4 4 14 14
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Expression Expression Written On Multiplying Quotient of
Using Repeated Fractions Powers
Multiplication
4
2 2 2 2 2
. . .
2 .2 .2 .2 24
3 3 3 3 3 3 .3 .3 .3 34
3 (–3)(–3)(–3)
−3 −3 −3 −3
. .
y y y y y .y .y
5
a
b
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65. 40 + 50 + 60 = (4 + 5 + 6)0
2+3
35
2 2 3 2
, (2 ) , 2 × 2 , 2 , 32 ×30, 23 ×52
3
68. By what number should (– 4)5 be divided so that the quotient may
be equal to (– 4)3 ?
3 6 2m –1
2 2 2
69. Find m so that × =
9 9 9
2 0 p
3
p 3 9
, find the value of q .
q 2 4
70. If = ÷
2 3
1 2
71. Find the reciprocal of the rational number
÷
2 3
72. Find the value of :
(a) 70 (b) 77 ÷ 77
(c) (–7)2 × 7 – 6 – 8 (d) (20 + 30 + 40) (40 – 30 – 20)
(e) 2 × 3 × 4 ÷ 2 0 × 3 0 × 4 0 (f) (80 – 20) × (80 + 20)
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77. How many times of 30 must be added together to get a sum equal to
307 ?
78. Express each of the following numbers using exponential notations:
144
(a) 1024 (b) 1029 (c)
875
Expression Expression Written Number of Simplified
Using Repeated Factors Expression
Multiplication
(4 3 ) 2 (43) (43) = (4 . 4 . 4) (4 . 4 . 4) 6 46
(x 5 ) 4
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83. The speed of light in vaccum is 3 × 108 m/s. Sunlight takes about
8 minutes to reach the earth. Express distance of Sun from Earth in
standard form.
3 4 3 5 3 7 7 5 7 2 7 2
(a) × ÷ (b) ÷ ×
7 7 7 11 11 11
a6
(c) (37 ÷ 35) 4
(d) 4 × a 5 × a 0
a
3 3 3 8 3 2 3 4
(e) × ÷ × (f) (515 ÷ 510) × 55
5 5 5 5
When you are dividing two powers with the same base, subtract the second
exponent from the first to give you the exponent of the answer.
(am ÷ an = a(m–n))
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38 3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3
3.3.3.3.3 35
33 3 .3.3
65 6 .6 .6 .6 .6
6-
63 6 .6 .6
a7 a .a .a .a .a .a .a
a4 a .a .a .a
85. Evaluate
2
34 ×123 × 36 6×10 25 154 × 183
(d) (e) × (f)
25 × 63 22 × 53 27 33 × 52 ×122
64 ×92 ×253
(g)
32 ×42 ×156
Look for a pattern in the table to extend what you know about exponents
to find more about negative exponents.
10 2 101 10 0 10 –1 10 –2 10 –3
10 * 10 10 1 1 2000
100
10
100 10 1 1 1 1
= 0.1 = 0.01 = 0.001
10 100 1000
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When you divide 10 by 10, you have 101 ÷ 101 = 10(1–1) = 100.
You also know that 10 divided by 10 is 1. So you can see that 100 = 1.
This pattern works for any base.
For instance, 61 ÷ 61 = 6(1–1) = 60, and 6 divided by 6 is 1. 6 0 = 1.
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87. Express the given information in Scientific notation and then arrange
them in descending order of their size.
Sl.No. Name of the Planet Mass (in kg)
1. Mercury 330000000000000000000000
2. Venus 4870000000000000000000000
3. Earth 5980000000000000000000000
4. Mars 642000000000000000000000
5. Jupiter 1900000000000000000000000000
6. Saturn 569000000000000000000000000
7. Uranus 86900000000000000000000000
8. Neptune 102000000000000000000000000
9. Pluto 13100000000000000000000
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1. Explain the benefit of writing numbers in scientific notation.
2. Describe how to write 2.977 × 106 in normal form.
3. Determine which measurement would be least likely to be written in
scientific notation: size of bacteria, speed of a car, or number of stars
in a galaxy.
Astronomical Figures The distances from the sun to each of the nine
planets in our solar system varies from about 57904280 km to 5899855100
km! These distances are easier to write in shorthand: 5.79 × 107 km and
5.899 × 109 km. The distance from the sun to the star nearest to it, Proxima
Centauri, is about 40233600000000 km. It would be much easier for an
astronomer to write this distance as 4.023 × 1013 km.
Mars, the fourth planet in our solar system, is 2.269 × 10 8 km from the
sun.
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91. A light year is the distance that light can travel in one year.
(b) The average distance between Earth and Sun is 1.496 × 108 km.
Is the distance between Earth and the Sun greater than, less
than or equal to one light year?
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Writing Strategy
Write a Convincing Argument
Your ability to write a convincing
argument proves that you have
understanding of the concept. An
effective argument should include the
following four parts: Compare 102 and 210. For any
two numbers, which usually
1. A goal
gives the greater number,
2. A response to the goal using the greater number as
3. Evidence to support the response the base or as the exponent?
Give atleast one exception.
4. A summary statement
210 = 1024 32 = 9
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94. Blubber makes up 27 per cent of a blue whale’s body weight. Deepak
found the average weight of blue whales and used it to calculate
the average weight of their blubber. He wrote the amount as
22 × 32 × 5 × 17 kg. Evaluate this amount.
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Down
1. In 25, the exponent is ____________.
6. The value of 35 is __________.
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