AE 651 Aerodynamics of Compressors and Turbines

Mid-semester examination
0900-1030 hrs. 05-October-2020
Maximum marks: 30
General instructions:
1. I trust all of you to be following the honour code in letter and spirit.
2. The exam is open notes/books. You are also free to use notes in your iPad/Laptop/phone.
3. Switch on the camera of your laptop. In case of any issues with power/network outage,
please contact us.
4. If the camera of the laptop is faulty, please log in from the laptop (for the question paper)
as well as the phone and use the camera from the phone.
5. Please try to merge all answer pages into one pdf. PDF scanner app is therefore
recommended (eg. AdobeScan). Write page numbers on all the pages.
6. In case you are unable to download a pdf scanner, please follow point # 7 below.
7. Please upload your answers with the following file name: QNo-p-*.jpg/png/pdf.
Eg. Solution to Question No. 1e (which say, happens to be on the second page), is to be
uploaded as Q1e-p2.jpg . For say, solution to question 2 that might run into 2 pages,
Q2-p1.jpg and Q2-p2.jpg.
8. Please refrain from seeking any clarifications on the questions. In case something is
ambiguous, please make justifiable assumptions clearly stating the same in your answer
paper.

Please note:
1. This question paper has 2 pages.
2. Suitably assume missing data if any, clearly specifying the same.
3. Assume cp for air as 1.005 kJ/kg K and g = 1.4, if required.

1. Answer the following questions in 1-2 sentences / using illustrations/sketches/plots as

applicable:
a. Sketch the velocity triangles at the inlet and exit of a rotor if the degree of reaction is
(i) Rx = 0.2 and (ii) Rx = 0.9
b. Sketch the velocity triangles for a contra-rotating stage (i.e., one rotor followed by
another, rotating in the opposite direction). The inlet and exit flow through the stage
is axial.
c. For a free-vortex design, plot the typical
variation of specific work done and
degree of reaction from hub to tip as
shown in the sample figure shown.

d. If the frequency of rotating stall in a compressor was measured as 110 Hz, the
frequency of surge is likely to be around
(A) 1100 Hz (B) 11 Hz (C) 220 Hz (D) 550 Hz

Page 1 of 2
 e. From a compressor cascade test, the average total pressure measurements are available
at the inlet of the cascade, at the trailing edge of the cascade blade and far downstream
of the cascade. What components of losses would you be able be calculate from this
data?
(5 x 2 = 10 marks)

2. An aircraft flies at an altitude where the ambient stagnation pressure and temperature are
70 kPa and 255 K, respectively. The axial compressor stage of the engine that develops a
pressure ratio of 1.2 with an isentropic efficiency of 85 % and ingests 8 m3/s of air. The
compressor stage has an IGV and rotates at a speed of 10,0** rpm (where ** are the last
two digits of your roll number). The tip and hub diameters of the stage are 40 cm and 25
cm, respectively. If the blade angle at the exit of the rotor is 25 degrees, what is the IGV
exit angle. Also, determine the relative Mach numbers at the inlet and exit of the rotor.
(10 marks)

3. An axial compressor is designed based on the following vortex law that gives constant
span-wise specific work, 𝐶"# = 𝑎𝑟 − 𝑏/𝑟 before the rotor and 𝐶"# = 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑏/𝑟 after the
rotor, where a and b are constants and r is the radius. The stage, with a hub-tip radius ratio
of 0.5, is designed with a loading coefficient of 0.3 based on blade tip speed. The rotor is
to be designed to operate at a speed of 40** rpm (where ** are the last two digits of your
roll number), when operating with a constant axial velocity of 100 m/s. Determine the
blade angles at the mean radius of 0.3 m, where the velocity triangles happen to be mirror
images.
(10 marks)

Page 2 of 2
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