1

Expedi
ti
ousDi
sput
eResol
uti
onMechanism wi
thi
nFor
mal Judi
cialSy
stem of
Pakistan

Paperpr
esent
edat
:

Nat
ional
Judi
cial
Conf
erence

27tht
o29thApr
il
,2018,

Supr
emeCour
tofPaki
stan

I
slamabad.

by

Mr
.Zi
aUr
-Rehman

(
Addi
ti
onal
Dist
ri
ctandSessi
onsJudge)

Sr
.Di
rect
orAdmi
nist
rat
ion

Khy
berPakht
unkhwaJudi
cial
Academy
.

Peshawar
.

e-
mai
l
:zi
ascj
77@gmai
l
.com

WORKI
NGPAPER:
Notf
orci
tat
ionordi
str
ibut
ionwi
thoutper
missi
onoft
heaut
hor
.

Abst
ract

Thi
spaperpr
ovi
dest
hef
ir
stcompr
ehensi
vei
nsi
ghtonExpedi
ti
ousdi
sput
eresol
uti
on
mechani
sm wi
thi
nFor
malJudi
cialSy
stem ofPaki
stan,
whi
chi
sani
mpor
tantaspectof
t
hecur
rentev
er-
expandi
ngdebat
eont
hei
ssueofdel
ayandl
egalef
fi
cacy
.Del
ayi
n
j
ust
icesy
stem i
sachr
oni
cphenomenont
hati
sinher
enti
nal
mostev
eryj
udi
cialsy
stem,
butt
hesi
tuat
ioni
nPaki
stani
spar
ti
cul
arl
yal
armi
ng.

Del
ayi
soneoft
hemaj
orconcer
nst
hatf
orcepeopl
etoset
tl
ethei
rdi
sput
esoutoft
he
cour
tst
hroughot
heral
ter
nat
ivedi
sput
eresol
uti
onmechani
sms.Anot
herr
easoncoul
d
ber
elat
edt
othecompl
exi
tyofpr
ocedur
e.Peopl
eingener
alar
eaf
rai
dofmi
shandl
i
ng
 2

casesbypol
i
ce,expl
oit
ati
onofl
awy
ersandt
hecompl
excour
tpr
ocedur
es.Li
ti
gat
ion,
t
her
efor
e,i
snev
ert
hef
ir
stchoi
ceofpar
ti
esi
nPaki
stan.Theyt
endt
ooptf
orot
her
i
nfor
maldi
sput
eresol
uti
onmechani
sms,suchasj
i
rgaorpanchay
et.Despi
tet
hei
r
i
nadequacyi
n mostoft
he l
egalmat
ter
s.Iwoul
dli
ke t
o add f
rom t
he Paki
stani
per
spect
ivet
hatwehav
erai
sedl
egi
onsofi
ndi
vi
dual
swhoar
enotat
tunedt
othei
rri
ght
s
andwoul
drat
hercav
eandset
tl
eov
erf
ight
ingi
touti
ncour
t.

Andt
hisi
soneoft
her
easonswhyADRhasbeeni
ntr
oducedi
nmanyl
egalsy
stems
ar
oundt
hegl
obei
ncl
udi
ngPaki
stan.Thet
erm Al
ter
nat
eDi
sput
eResol
uti
on’i
mpl
i
est
he
use ofami
cabl
e,i
nfor
maland concl
usi
ve st
rat
egi
es l
i
ke medi
ati
on,ar
bit
rat
ion ,
negot
iat
ionandconci
l
iat
iont
oresol
vedi
sput
esofv
ary
ingnat
ureout
sidet
heambi
tof
f
ormalj
ust
icesy
stem1.Thi
spaperr
efer
stot
hewor
dADR asanami
cabl
edi
sput
e
r
esol
uti
onandar
guest
hatt
hesamecanbeut
il
isedwi
thi
ntheexi
sti
ngf
ormalj
udi
cial
sy
stem ofPaki
stan.Asi
nit
iat
edandpr
esent
edbyPr
ofessorFr
ankE.
A.Sanderi
nUSA,
t
heexi
sti
ngcour
tscanwor
kasaMul
tiDoorHousef
oref
fi
cientdel
i
ver
yofj
ust
ice
t
hrough empl
oyi
ng mul
ti
ple di
sput
eresol
uti
on mechani
sms orpr
ogr
ams i
ncl
udi
ng
l
i
tigat
ion,conci
l
iat
ion,medi
ati
on,ar
bit
rat
ion and ot
her soci
aland gov
ernment
al
ser
vices2.Backi
ngt
hesamepat
ronage,t
hispaperwoul
dli
ket
our
get
heLawy
ers,
j
udgesandot
herst
akehol
der
stov
isual
i
zet
heci
vi
lcour
tsasanof
fer
tor
yofdi
sput
e
r
esol
uti
onpr
ocedur
est
ail
oredt
ofi
tthev
ari
etyofdi
sput
est
hatpar
ti
esbr
ingt
othe
j
ust
icesy
stem.

I
ntr
oduct
ion

Al
ter
nat
ivedi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
sagr
owi
ngandv
aluabl
egl
obalphenomenont
oresol
ve
di
sput
esout
sidet
hecour
tand i
nthatsense,ADR i
susual
l
ymi
sint
erpr
eted asa
r
epl
acementt
oli
ti
gat
ion,whi
chi
snott
hecase.ADRmechani
smshav
enotdi
spl
aced
t
het
radi
ti
onall
i
tigat
ion;hundr
edsoft
housandsofl
awsui
tsar
efi
l
edev
ery
dayi
ncour
ts
1
Hensler
,Debor
ahR."Ourcourt
s,oursel
ves:Howt healter
nati
vedisput
er esol
uti
on
movementisre-
shapi
ngourlegalsystem."
 PennSt.L.Rev. 
108(2003):165.
2
Sander,
FrankEA."
Themulti-
doorcourthouse.
"Bar
  ri
ster 
3(1976):18.
 3

ar
ound t obe3.Howev
he gl er,t
her
e ar
e some r
easons t
o bel
i
evet
hatt
he ADR
mechani
sm hassomesuccessov
ert
hepastf
ew decadesi
nchangi
ngbusi
nessand
4
l
egaldeci
si
onmaker
svi
ewsofhow bestt
oresol
vel
egaldi
sput
es. Ev
eni
nPaki
stan,
t
her
ehav
ebeeni
nst
anceswher
ethesi
gni
fi
canceofADRhasbeenr
ecogni
zed,
eit
herby
est
abl
i
shi
ng di
sput
eresol
uti
on cent
ers ori
n a sense t
hatcour
ts hav
etended t
o
ant
ici
pat
ethechangesori
nter
prett
heexi
sti
ngr
ulesi
nwaywhi
chi
scompat
ibl
ewi
tht
he
essenceofADR5.
I
nthi
scont
ext
,Paki
stan,bei
ngacommonl
aw count
ry,f
oll
owedt
hesui
taf
terLor
d
Wool
fint
roducedhi
sref
ormst
otheci
vi
lj
ust
icesy
st and6.Themai
em ofEngl npl
anksof
t
her
efor
mswer
epr
e-t
ri
alconf
erenci
ng and t
ri
alschedul
i
ng wi
thav
isi
on ofl
ess
adv
ersar
ial
,fast
er,cheaperand mor
eaf
for
dabl
ejust
icesy
stem.TheWool
frepor
t
pr
ovedt
obeacat
aly
sti
ntheU.
Kandl
edt
odr
ast
icamendment
si.
e.Ci
vi
lpr
ocedur
eAct
1997andRul
esofCi
vi
lpr
ocedur
e1998.Obj
ect
ivesoft
heser
efor
msar
efi
rst
ly,t
he
est
abl
i
shmentofanewf
astt
rackf
orst
rai
ght
for
war
dandsi
mpl
ecasessav
ingex
pense
andt
imeoft
hel
i
tigant
s.
Secondl
y,mor
eAct
ivemanagementofl
argercasesbyj
udgeswhi
l
edeal
i
ngwi
thcases
pr
opor
ti
onal
l
y.Judgesar
erequi
redt
opl
ayapr
oAct
iver
olei
ncasemanagement
t
hroughpr
etr
ialconf
erenci
ngt
opl
ant
hel
i
tigat
ion,nar
rowdownt
hei
ssues,encour
age
7
set
tl
ementandi
fnecessar
yor
gani
set
het
ri
al .A par
ti
cul
arl
yimpor
tantr
olef
ort
he
j
udgesatt
heseconf
erenceswi
l
lbet
o"l
evelt
hepl
ayi
ngf
iel
d"orensur
ingt
hatpar
ti
es
ar
eonEqual
foot
ingwhent
heyhav
ever
ydi
ff
erentamount
sofr ces8.
esour
Thi
rdl
y,a r
ange ofmeasur
es t
o encour
age openness,co-
oper
ati
on,and ear
li
er
set
tl
ement
s,i
ncl
udi
ngpr
otocol
sofst
epst
obet
akenbef
orepr
oceedi
ngsar
eissued,
posi
ti
ve encour
agementby t
he cour
tst
o use medi
ati
on and ot
hermet
hods i
n

3
Hensl er,Debor ahR." Ourcour t
s,our selves:Howt healter
nat i
vedisputeresolut
ion
mov ementi sre-shapingourl egalsy stem." PennSt .L.Rev. 108(2003):165.
4
ibi
d
5
Won, Sung- Kwon." OverviewofAl ternateDi sputeResol ut
ionwi t
hSpeci alRefer
encet
o
Arbitr
ationLawsi nPakistan.
" J.Arb.St ud.23( 2013):149.
6
Zucker man, Adr i
anAS." LordWool f'sAccesst oJustice:Plusçachange…. " The
moder nl awr eview 59,no.6( 1996): 773-796.
7
DeSmet ,P.A., andWi l
lem A.Nolen." StJohn' swor tasanant i
depressant."
 BMJ:
Brit
ishMedi calJour nal
 313,no.7052( 1996) :241.
8
ibi
d
 4

appr
opr
iat
e cases.Thi
s concept of ami
cabl
e di
sput
eresol
uti
on t
hrough case
managementi
snoti
nacont
rastwi
tht
heessenceofADRi
nany
way
,rat
heri
tconsi
der
s
adopt
ingt
hesameappr
oacheswi
thi
ntheexi
sti
ngf
ormall
egalset
up.Weneedt
o
under
standt
hatADRi
snotandcannotbeanout
ri
ghtandexcl
usi
vesubst
it
utet
ofor
mal
j
ust
icesy
stem.Thepr
obl
emsofbackl
oganddel
ayedj
ust
icecannotbet
ackl
edpur
ely
t
hroughempl
oyi
ngADR,
unl
esst
her
eisani
nst
it
uti
onalandat
ti
tudechangei
nthemai
n
Act
orsoft
hej
udi
cialpr
ocessi
.e.t
heBench,t
heBarandt
hel
i
ti c9.Andas
gantpubl
i
r
ight
lypoi
nted byHi
sLor
dshi
p Mr
.Just
ice(
Ret
d.)Tassaduq Hussai
n Ji
l
l t
ani'
'hi
s
pr
ocessofdi
sput
eresol
uti
ont
hroughcasemanagementhast
ocommenceatt
hebasi
c
l
eveli
.e.att
hesubor
dinat
ejudi
ciar
ylev
el.Thesubor
dinat
ecour
tsar
etheback-
boneof
t
heent
ir
ejudi
cialhi
erar
chy
.Iti
sher
ethatt
heconceptofr
uleofl
awconf
ront
sthef
ir
st
t
ri
al;i
tisher
ethatmor
ethan95% ofcasesar
efi
l
edandpendi
ng;i
tisher
ethatt
he
i
mpr
essi
onsandper
cept
ionsaboutt
hej
udi
ciar
ytakeshape;i
tisher
ethatpeopl
ein
l
i
tigat
ionsuf
ferf
ormont
hs,y
ear
sanddecadesandspendt
hebestpar
toft
hei
rli
ves
wai
ti
ngf
ort
hatel
usi
veJust
icewhi
chatt
imesi
sdel
ayed,att
imesdeni
ed,andatt
imes
i
sbi
tt
erwi
thexpensei
tent
ail
s.”

ADRwi
thi
nthef
ormal
Judi
cial
Syst
em

TheConcept of di
sput
eresol
uti
onhasmul
ti
plest
rands,whi
chhav
ebeenwov
en
t
oget
heri
nacompl
exf
ashi
on gi
vi
ngeachst
randadi
ff
erentmeani
ngandshape
dependi
ngont
hemodeandf
orum ofi
tsappl
i
cat
ion.Nonet
hel
ess,att
hecor
e,al
lof
t
hem ai
m atpr
ovi
dingt
hepr
omptandf
airr
esol
uti
onofadi
sput
e.Keepi
ngt
hisv
iew,I
woul
dli
ke t
o expr
esst
hatcour
tscan bet
hebestf
orum f
orexpedi
ti
ousdi
sput
e
r
esol
uti
on wi
thi
n Paki
stan f
ora numberofr
easons.Fi
rst
lyand Mosti
mpor
tant
ly,
Accor
dingt
otheconst
it
uti
onofPaki
stan,1973di
sput
eresol
uti
oni
sthedomai
nof
j
udi
ciar
y.Judi
ci
aryhasexper
ti
seandl
egalbackgr
oundofl
awandi
smandat
edbyt
he
const
it
uti
onf
ordi
sput
eresol
uti
on.

9
Jil
l
ani,TassaduqHussai
n."
Del
ayedj
ust
iceandt
her
oleofADR.
"Paki
  stanLaw
Journal
 
(2012).
 5

Secondl
ydespi
teal
lthel
acunas,t
heel
ementoft
ranspar
encyand publ
i
cfai
thi
s
at
tached t
othej
udi
ci
ary
.Itmi
ghtnotbet
hesamewi
th ot
hermodesofdi
sput
e
r
esol
uti
ons.

Thi
rdl
y,cour
tsal
way
sleav
ethedooropenf
orappeal
.Inot
heral
ter
nat
iver
esol
uti
on
mechani
smst
het
hemei
sopt
ional
,unt
ilt
hepar
ti
esar
esat
isf
ied.f
orexampl
einADRor
j
i
rgat
her
eisusual
l
yno r
ightofappeal
. Mor
eimpor
tant
lydi
sput
eresol
uti
ont
hrough
t
hecour
tsi
smor
eorl
essnegot
iat
ingormedi
ati
ngpeacef
ull
yundert
heumbr
ell
aofl
aw.
Lor
dWool
f,t
heChi
efJust
iceofEngl
andandWal
es,
inhi
sr ton“
epor Judi
cialRef
ormsi
n
U.
K.”ar
guedt
hat.Wi
thoutef
fect
ivej
udi
cialcont
rol
,howev
er,
theadv
ersar
ialpr
ocessi
s
l
i
kel
ytoencour
ageanadv
ersar
ialcul
tur
eandt
ogener
ateanenv
ironmenti
nwhi
cht
he
l
i
tigat
ion pr
ocessi
stoo of
ten seen asabat
tl
efi
eld wher
eno r
ulesappl
y.I
nthi
s
env
ironment
,quest
ionsofexpense,del
ay,compr
omi
seandf
air
nessmayhav
eonl
ylow
pr
ior
it
y.Theconsequencei
sthatexpensei
sof
tenexcessi
ve,di
spr
opor
ti
onat
eand
unpr
edi
ctabl
e;anddel
ayi
sfr
equent
lyunr
easonabl
e.Thi
ssi
tuat
ionar
isespr
eci
sel
y
becauset
heconduct
,paceandext
entofl
i
tigat
ionar
elef
tal
mostcompl
etel
ytot
he
par
ti
es.Ther
eisnoef
fect
ivecont
roloft
hei
rwor
stexcesses.I
ndeed,t
hecompl
exi
tyof
t
hepr
esentr
ulesf
aci
l
itat
est
heuseofadv
ersar
ialt
act
icsandi
sconsi
der
edbymanyt
o
r
equi
rei
t.
”

Var
iousModesofADRWi
thi
nTheFor
mal
Judi
cial
Syst
em

Var
iousmodesofDi
sput
eresol
uti
onwi
thi
nthef
ormalj
udi
cialsy
stem dev
elopedov
era
per
iodoft
imei
ndi
ff
erentj
uri
sdi
cti
ons.Ref
ormsi
nPr
ocedur
all
awofci
vi
lcour
tsst
art
ed
af
teragooddealofcr
it
ici
sm byDeanRoscoePound'
s1906speechonTheCausesof
Popul
arDi
ssat
isf
act
ionwi
tht
heAdmi
nist
rat
ionofJust
ice10.Hecont
endedt
hatt
he
sy
stem oft
hecour ar
twas" chai
candourpr
ocedur
ebehi
ndt
het
imes.
"'r
esul
ti
ngi
nthe
"
[u]
ncer
tai
nty
,del
ayandexpense,andabov
eal
l
,thei
njust
iceofdeci
dingcasesupon
poi
ntsofpr
act
ice11.Andduet
ot awbacks"t
hesedr her
eis"
adeep-
seat
eddesi
ret
o

10
Sherman,EdwardF."
DeanPound'sDissati
sfActi
onwi tht
heSporti
ngTheoryof
Justi
ce:WhereAreWeaHundr edYearsLater."
 S.Tex.L.Rev.
 48(
2006):
983.
11
RoscoePound,TheCausesofPopularDissati
sfActi
onwi t
htheAdmini
str
ati
onof
Justi
ce,40AM.L.REV.729,742(1906)
 6

keepoutofcour
t,r
ightorwr
ong,ont
hepar
tofev
erysensi
blemani
nthecommuni
ty.
"
Thesol
uti
ont
hathecameupwi
thwascasemanagement
.Thepr
ocedur
alr
evol
uti
on
Pound commenced was t
he mostt
hor
oughl
ysuccessf
ulone i
ntwent
iet
h-cent
ury
Amer
icanl
aw r
esul
ti
ngi
ntoamendment
sofCPC USA i
n1938.andr
ule16A was
i
ncl
uded.

I
nEngl
andt
hecr
edi
toff
urt
herdev
elopmentgoest
osi
rRay
mondEv
ershedf
orhi
s
r
ecommendat
ionsont
hemor
eAct
iver
oleofj
udi
ciar
yindi
sput
eresol
uti n195312.
oni
Hecameupwi
tht
hesuggest
ionofpr
etr
ailconf
erenci
ngandpr
etr
ialschedul
i
ngbased
ont
heconceptt
hatj
udgesshoul
dpur
sueamor
eAct
iveanddomi
nantcour
sei
nthe
i
nter
estofl
i
tigant
s.

Anot
hermi
l
est
onei
nthi
sregar
dwast
her
ecommendat
ionsofMor
ri
neSol
omoni
n1970
wi
tht
heobj
ect
ivet
o st
reaml
i
net
hej
udi
cialpr
oceedi
ngs.On hi
srecommendat
ion
Amer
ican bar associ
ati
on const
it
uted a commi
ssi
on on st
andar
ds of j
udi
cial
admi
nist
rat
ion.Hi
srecommendat
ions wer
e publ
i
shed,undert
he t
it
le,case f
low
managementi
ntr
ail
cour
t 197313.
s,

Aust
ral
i
anf
eder
alcour
tadopt
eddocketsy
stem i
n1987,wher
ebyj
udgesst
art
eddi
rect
moni
tor
ingofcasesf
rom i
nit
ialf
il
ingt
ofi
nalr
esol
uti
onwhet
herbyset
tl
ementorby
14
t
ri
al .Lor
dWool
f'sv
isi
onofaccesst
ojust
icei
n1996cont
ri
but
edagr
eatdealandAl
l
t
hiswor
koncour
tdel
ayappear
stohav
emadear
eali
mpactonpol
i
ciesandpr
ogr
ams
i
nanumberofcour
tsgl
obal
l
yandt
hemodesnowi
npr
act
icef
ordi
sput
eresol
uti
onar
e
f
oll
owi
ng.

(
i)CaseManagement
(
ii
)Judi
cial
Set
tl
ement
(
ii
i)Ear
lyNeut
ral
Eval
uat
ion

12
Evershed,FrancisRaymond." OurCommonHer i
tageofLaw."NYULRev
  . 27(1952):
32.
13
Mashaw, JerryL."ManagementSi deofDuePr ocess:SomeTheor eti
calandLiti
gati
on
Notesont heAssur anceofAccur acyFairnessandTi meli
nessi
nt heAdjudicat
ionof
SocialWelfareClaims."
 CornellL.Rev.
 59(1973):772.
14
VonNessen, PaulE."
TheUseofAmer icanPrecedentsbytheHi ghCourtofAustral
ia,
1901-1987."Adel
  .L.Rev. 
14( 1992):181.
 7

(
iv)Medi
ati
on
(
v)Ar
bit
rat
ionand
(
vi)Summar
yJudgment
.

Expedi
ti
ousDi
sput
eResol
uti
on i
n Paki
stan wi
thi
n For
malJust
iceSy
stem;whati
s
needed?

I
nPaki
stansev
erall
awsdocont
ainpr
ovi
sionsf
ori
nit
iat
ingset
tl
ementofdi
sput
es
t
hrough ADR,Howev
erdue t
o ourpr
edomi
nantadv
ersar
ialcul
tur
ethe pr
act
ical
ut
il
isat
ioni
sver
yli
mit
ed.Fori
nst
ance,
inf
ami
l
ylawst
her
eisaspeci
fi
cpr
ovi
sionf
orpr
e
-
tr
ialandpost
-t
ri
alconci
l
iat
ion/
medi
ati
onef
for
tbyt
hecour
t.Si
mil
arl
yin2002Sect
ion
89Awasembeddedi
nPaki
stanCi
vi
lPr
ocedur
eCodet
omaker
oom f
orADR.Sect
ion
89A.i
fco-
rel
atedwi
thnont
rai
lcent
ri
cpr
ovi
sions,
ori
nqui
sit
ori
alpr
ovi
sionsSect
ion30
and (
order10-
15ofCi
vi
lPr
ocedur
eCode)canwor
kef
fect
ivel
yandef
fi
cient
lyf
orcase
managementanddi
sput
eresol
uti
onatt
heear
lyst
agesoft
hecase.Si
mil
arl
yAr
bit
rat
ion
Act1940pr
ovi
desst
epbyst
epgui
del
i
nesf
orar
bit
rat
ion.Al
lthesepr
ovi
sionsar
e
al
readyappl
i
edi
ndi
vi
dual
l
ybyj
udges,butasy
stemat
ic,or
gani
sedandpr
ofessi
onal
ef
for
tisr
equi
redont
hepar
tofadj
udi
cat
ure.

Si
mil
arl
y on cr
imi
nalsi
de,pr
ovi
sions r
elat
ed t
o compoundabl
e of
fences pr
ovi
de
mandat
etot
hej
udgesf
ordi
sput
eresol
uti
onwi
thoutf
ormal
tri
al.

Ther
eisnodeni
aloft
hef
actt
hatourpr
ocedur
all
awsar
enotonl
ytr
ialcent
ri
cand
mai
nlybaseduponadv
ersar
ialnor
msofj
ust
ice.
Howev
er,
thepr
esentl
awsandr
ulesi
n
Paki
stan do notpr
eventj
udges f
rom cal
l
ing l
i
tigant
sto pr
eli
minar
y hear
ing f
or
t
hor
oughl
yscr
uti
nizi
ngt
hei
rpl
eadi
ng,ev
aluat
ingt
heev
idence,maki
ngat
tempt
sfor
r
esol
vi
ngt
hedi
sput
est
hroughADR modes,
nar
rowi
ngdownt
hecont
rov
ersi
esand
summar
yadj
udi
cat
ionoft
hemat
ter
s,wher
eneedbe.TheCodeofCi
vi
lPr
ocedur
e,
1908i
ndeedpr
ovi
desanef
fect
ivemechani
sm i
nthi
sregar
d.Fori
nst
ancesect
ion30of
t
heCoder
eadwi
thor
derXt
oXVobl
i
gest
hej
udget
obecomef
ull
yinv
olv
edandpl
aya
 8

mor
eact
ivi
str
oleatt
hepr
etr
ialst
age.Thepur
posei
stopr
eventt
hepar
ti
esandt
hei
r
adv
ocat
es,orev
en t
he mi
nist
eri
alst
affoft
he cour
tfr
om t
aki
ng char
ge oft
he
pr
oceedi
ng,byi
ndul
ging i
norr
esor
ti
ng t
otact
ics,whi
chmayhampert
hespeedy
di
sposi
ti
onofcases.Ther
efor
e,pr
etr
ialpr
oceedi
ngs,i
nter
nat
ional
l
yknownaspr
etr
ial
conf
erencesandschedul
i
ngor
der
s,i
fpr
oper
lyconduct
ed,woul
dresul
tincompl
ete
par
adi
gm shi
ft
.These pr
ovi
sions ar
eindeed t
he t
ooland t
echni
ques f
orcase
managementandobj
ect
ivesai
medbyl
egi
slat
uremaybei
nfer
redasunder
,

1-Seeki
ngcl
ari
fi
cat
ionf
rom par
ti
eswi
thr
egar
dtonat
ureandj
ust
if
icat
ionoft
hecl
aim
t
hroughexami
nat
ion.

2-Ascer
tai
nmentoft
henat
ureoft
hepr
ocesst
obei
ssued,ast
owhet
herf
orf
inal
di
sposal
oft
hecaseorf
orset
tl
ementoft
hei
ssue

3-
Obt
aini
ngadmi
ssi
onsoft
hef
act
sand/
ordocument
s.

4-Ev
aluat
inganddeci
dingadmi
ssi
bil
i
tyoft
heev
idencebef
oref
rami
ngt
hei
ssues.

5-Di
scov
erymanagementsy
stem,r
egar
ding f
act
s based upon or
alasser
ti
ons or
document
s,t
hroughi
nter
rogat
ions.

6-Av
oidi
ngcol
l
ect
ionofunnecessar
yandi
rr
elev
antpr
oof
.

7-Amendmentofpl
eadi
ngsoast
oincl
udeonl
ytheessent
ialandexcl
udet
henon-
essent
ial
mat
eri
al.

8-Schedul
i
ng mi
scel
l
aneous appl
i
cat
ion hear
ing,i
.e.i
njunct
ions ,i
mpl
eadment
,
r
eject
ionet
c.

9- Const
it
uti
ng commi
ssi
ons f
or r
ecor
ding ev
idence,car
ryi
ng i
nspect
ions and
pr
oduct
ionofdocument
s.

10-Summar
yadj
udi
cat
ions.

11-Encour
agi
ngt
hepar
ti
est
otr
yandr
eachanoutofcour
t,ami
cabl
eset
tl
ementof
di
sput
es,t
hrough any oft
he al
ter
nat
ive means ofdi
sput
eresol
vi
ng,ar
bit
rat
ion,
conci
l
iat
ionormedi
ati
on.
 9

12-Fi
ndi
ngmat
eri
alf
orf
rami
ngofi
ssues.

13-Tosett
imel
i
nes.
i.
e.caseschedul
i
ngor
der
s.

14-Rest
ri
cti
ng /
li
mit
ing t
henumberoff
act
ualand exper
twi
tnessest
othemer
e
essent
ial
.

I
tmaynotbeoutofcont
extt
ost
ateher
ethatsuchpr
etr
ialconf
erencei
smandat
oryi
n
somej
uri
sdi
cti
onsl
i
keFi
j
i,HongKong,mar
ti
ali
slands,Phi
l
ippi
nesandUni
tedSt
ates.
Thecour
tst
her
ear
eboundt
oappl
ysuchpr
ocedur
esandt
hepar
ti
esobl
i
gedt
ocompl
y.
Fordef
aul
tont
hepar
tofapar
ty,sanct
ionscanbei
mposed.Somest
atespr
escr
ibe
speci
fi
candi
ndeedqui
tedet
ail
edpr
ocedur
esont
hesubj
ectl
i
keAust
ral
i
a,Ni
ger
ia,
Si
ngapor
eandt
heUSA

I
tisper
ti
nentt
oment
iont
hatt
het
wor
epor
tsonourci
vi
llawsr
efor
ms,j
ust
iceS.
A
RehmansLawsr
efor
m commi
ssi
onr
epor
t(1958-
59)andj
ust
iceHamood-
ur-Rehmans
l
awr
efor
m commi
ssi
onr
epor
t(1967-
70)r
ecommendedt
hei
nit
iat
ionoff
ormalpr
e-t
ri
al
hear
ingf
orexpedi
ti
ousr
esol
uti
onofpr
eli
minar
yissues,t
her
ebyhel
pingt
oexpedi
tet
he
paceoft
ri
al.

I
tisobser
vedt
hator
derXCPC,
whi
chmandat
esexami
nat
ionofpar
ti
es,
ifappl
i
ed
pr
oper
ly,
i
sli
kel
ytor
esul
tinadmi
ssi
onofmanyf
act
s,t
her
ebyr
educi
ngt
henecessi
tyof
r
ecor
ding ev
idence .
Sec 10 oft
he Fami
l
ycour
ts Act
s ,1964 pr
ovi
des t
he same
mechani
sm besi
desst
atut
oryADRar
bit
rat
ioni
nter
msofspi
ri
tofv
erse35ofSur
a-e-
Ni
sa.

Li
kewi
se t
he pr
ovi
si
ons ofor
der11 oft
he code ,pr
ovi
ding f
ordi
scov
ery by
i
nter
rogat
ion,pr
oduct
ionandi
nspect
ionofdocument
sfur
therempowert
hecour
tsi
n
cur
tai
l
ing unnecessar
ypr
oceedi
ng andexpedi
ti
ngt
hepr
ocessofadj
udi
cat
ion.Cer
tai
n
enabl
i
ngpr
ovi
si
onsar
eneededf
oref
fect
ivei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hiscasemanagement
sy
stem,r
egar
dinghon’
bl
ethePeshawarHi
ghCour
thasal
readyt
akent
hei
nit
iat
iveby
i
ntr
oduci
ngOr
der9-
Aand15-
ACPC,
aft
ert
hor
oughdel
i
ber
ati
on&consul
tat
ionwi
tht
he
Pr
ovi
nci
algov
ernment& byt
hegr
aceofAl
l
ahAl
might
ytheamendmenthasbeen
not
if
iedandnowhol
dst
hef
iel
d.TheKPJudi
cialAcademyhasal
sosof
art
rai
ned250
 10

j
udgesandal
most300l
awy
ersi
nthi
sregar
d.

Asf
arasourcr
imi
nalj
ust
icesy
stem i
sconcer
ned,
thoughnosuchexhaust
ivel
egal
f
ramewor
kisav
ail
abl
eforcasemanagementi
ntheCodeofCr
imi
nalPr
ocedur
e,1898
y
ett
her
eisnoi
mpedi
mentf
ort
hej
udgest
otaket
hesuppor
t&i
nvokecer
tai
nenabl
i
ng
pr
ovi
si
onsi
nthi
sregar
d.Forexampl
e,scr
uti
nyoft
hepr
osecut
ioncasecanbemade
uponsubmi
ssi
onoff
inalr
epor
t(chal
l
an)i
fsec190andsec204oft
hecodear
e
pr
oper
lyappl
i
ed.Thepr
ocessi
snott
obei
ssuedmechani
cal
l
yforpr
ocur
ingat
tendance
oft
heaccusedunl
essandunt
ilapr
imaf
aci
ecasei
smadeoutf
rom t
her
ecor
d
submi
tt
ed.Yetanot
herst
agei
sthatoff
rami
ngofchar
ge,wher
ebyt
hecour
tisagai
n
empower
edt
oassesst
hecase,ast
owhet
hert
her
eisanypr
obabi
l
ityofconv
ict
ionof
t
heaccused,
ift
heansweri
sot
her
wiset
hent
hemat
tercanbebur
iedt
henandt
her
eas
f
arast
heaccusednomi
nat
edi
sconcer
ned.Sec345oft
hecodepr
ovi
desl
i
stof
compoundabl
ecases,
meani
ngt
her
ebyt
hatt
hecour
tcanpl
ayAct
iver
olei
nresor
ti
ngt
o
ADRmodes.Ther
elat
ivel
ynew conceptof‘
Nol
ocont e15’(
ender pleaofnocont
est
)
,
whi
chhasal
readybeenendor
sedbyourpr aw16 i
ecedentl n2009,i
sal
soanef
fect
ive
modef
orexpedi
ti
onsdi
sput
eresol
uti
on.Howev
er,t
her
eisadi
reneedf
orl
egi
slat
ion
r
egar
dingmanagementoft
hecr
imi
nalcasesandf
ort
hatmat
terweneednott
oamend
ordi
stur
bmai
nschemeoft
hecodebutt
heobj
ect
ivecanbeaccompl
i
shedbyf
rami
ng
oft
her
ulesbyhonour
abl
ehi
ghcour
tinconsul
tat
ionwi
tht
her
espect
ivepr
ovi
nci
al
gov
ernment
sundersec554oft
hecode.TheKPJAagai
ntookt
hel
eadi
nthi
sregar
dby
dr
aft
ingt
her
ulesofCr
imi
nalcasemanagement
,whi
chhav
ebeenci
rcul
atedt
othe
st
akehol
der
sfort
hei
rfeedback.Mor
eov
er,
theKPJAaf
terexami
ningi
nter
nat
ionalbest
pr
act
icesofmanycommonl
awj
uri
sdi
cti
oni
.e.UK,
USA,sout
hAf
ri
ca,Aust
ral
i
a,new
Zeal
and,Si
ngapor
e,Mal
aysi
aet
c.oncasemanagement
,hasadopt
edt
hisasi
ts
f
lagshi
ppr
ogr
amme.Notonl
ythej
udgesbutal
sot
hel
awy
ersar
ebei
ngt
rai
nedi
nthi
s
r
espectf
ocusi
ngont
hei
rski
l
ldev
elopment
.TheAcademyhasal
sohel
danat
ionall
evel
semi
nar
,amont
hago,
foror
ient
ati
onoft
hest
akehol
der
s.
15
Lenvi
n,Nat
hanB.,andEr
nestS.Meyers."
NoloContender
e:It
sNat
ureand
Impli
cati
ons.
"TheYal
  eLawJournal
 
51,no.8(1942)
:1255-1268.
16
(PLD2009LHR312)
 11

Concl
usi
on

Thet
erm ADRhasseenanext
raor
dinar
ygr
owt
hint
hel
astf
ew decadesowi
ngt
othe
publ
i
ccompl
aint
saboutt
hei
nef
fi
ciencyandcompl
exi
tyofourf
ormalj
udi
cialsy
stem17.
Unf
ort
unat
elyourl
egalsy
stem i
str
ailbased.Lawhaspr
ovi
sionsashowt
odeci
det
he
pet
tycases,wi
tht
henamesummar
yandj
udgesar
eempower
edt
odeci
det
hecases
summar
il
yinpet
tyi
ssues.Buti
npr
act
ice,ev
erycl
aim bei
tmi
norormaj
ori
sbei
ng
r
out
edt
hroughr
egul
art
rai
l
.Mor
eov
er,per
hapsbecauseofschemeofourpr
ocedur
al
l
aws,r
ulespr
emi
sedonadv
ersar
ialandadv
ocacysy
stems,wi
thl
egaldeci
sion-
maker
s,
18
si
mpl
ydonotr
espondt
othecasesast
heywer
eint
endedt
o .Gi
vent
heanal
yti
cal
appr
oacht
owar
dsdi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
nbot
hst
ages,(
i)pr
e-t
ri
alconf
erenci
ngand(
ii
)
dur
ingt
ri
alcour
tref
err
alt
oADR,wemustconsi
dert
ohi
ghl
i
ghtt
heut
il
isat
ionand
i
mpor
tanceofexi
sti
ngr
ulesandenf
orcementmechani
sm wi
thi
nfor
malj
udi
cialsy
stem.
Thati
stosay
,ev
eni
fwedon’
thav
eanynewl
egi
slat
iononADR,t
heexi
sti
ngl
awscan
beut
il
isedt
oacer
tai
next
entwher
ebyt
hespeedydi
sput
eresol
uti
oni
smadepossi
ble.
Ther
ear
emanyr
elev
antenabl
i
ngpr
ovi
sions,
forexpedi
ti
ousdi
sput
eresol
uti
onsuchas
Sect
ion89AofCPC,Sect
ion190,204,242,265(
d),345andchapt
er22ofCr
PC,
sect
ion10ofFami
l
yCour
tsAct1964i
freadwi
thVer
se35ofch4.OfHol
yQur
an,and
l
ocalgov
ernmentr
ules and ADR Act2017. Two chapt
ers ar
ein pi
pe l
i
ne f
or
amendment
sinCi
vi
l&Cr
imi
nalPr
ocedur
eCodei
nthi
sregar
d.Howev
ert
her
eisadi
re
needt
out
il
iset
heav
ail
abl
elegalf
ramewor
kforspeedydi
sput
esr
esol
uti
on.Techni
cal
adj
udi
cat
ioni
snott
hespi
ri
tofl
aw.i
t’
sbasi
cal
l
ythespeedydel
i
ver
yofj
ust
ice.Cour
ts
must pl
ay t
hei
r par
tto make t
he pr
ocess mor
etr
anspar
ent t
hrough pr
oper
document
ati
onandf
rami
ngst
epwi
ser
ulesorSOPs.

Thi
sfor
um canr
ecommendt
headj
udi
cat
ort
ofr
amer
ules,undersect
ion554Cr
PC,
wher
ebyhi
ghcour
tsar
eempower
edt
omaker
ules.Al
sot
her
oleofBarandl
awy
ersi
s
l
esscl
earbutmor
eimpor
tanti
nthi
sregar
d.Lawy
ersshoul
dbesensi
ti
sedaboutt
hei
r

17
Edwards,Har
ryT."Alt
ernati
vedi sputeresol
uti
on: Panaceaoranathema?."
 Harvar
d
LawRev i
ew 99,no.3(1986):668-684.
18
Menkel-
Meadow, Carr
ie."
Ethicsi nAlt
ernati
veDisputeResolut
ion:NewIssues,No
Answersfrom t
heAdv ersar
yConcept i
onofLawy ers'Responsi
bil
it
ies.
"S.Tex.L.Rev
  . 
38
(1997)
:407.
 12

r
olei
nrel
ati
ont
odi
sput
eresol
uti
onwhet
heri
tiswi
thi
nthef
ormalj
udi
cialsy
stem or
ADR.Gl
obal
l
y,Lawy
erspl
aymor
eAct
iver
olei
nADR andt
heyar
eexpect
edt
obe
f
ami
l
iarwi
tht
hev
ari
ousf
ormsofADR,expl
aint
hem t
ocl
i
ent
s,ast
owhi
chmet
hodt
o
sel
ectf
oranygi
vencase,andr
epr
esentcl
i
ent
sef
fect
ivel
yusi
ngt hod19.
hechosenmet
Thi
str
endshoul
dbeencour
agedi
nPaki
stanaswel
landl
awy
ersmustper
for
mthei
r
r
olef
ort
hespeedydel
i
ver
yofj
ust
ice,t
hroughcounsel
l
ingandadv
isi
ng,dev
elopi
ng
st
rat
egy
,under
standi
ngt
hel
aw andet
hics,adv
ocat
ingandr
epr
esent
ingt
hei
rcl
i
ent
s
wel
land concl
udi
ng t
he medi
ati
on,negot
iat
ion orany ot
hermode ofdi
sput
e
r
esol
uton20.
i

Asanendnot
e,Iwoul
dal
sol
i
ket
orecommendl
egaleducat
ionandt
rai
ningaboutADR
andexpedi
ti
ousdi
sput
eresol
uti
onwi
thi
nthef
ormalj
udi
cialsy
stem bot
hforj
udgesand
l
awy
ers.Iexpectt
hatsuchi
nit
iat
ivewi
l
lhel
p,notonl
ythej
udgest
ounder
standhowt
o
ut
il
ise t
heexi
sti
ng mechani
smsf
orspeedyj
ust
icebutwi
l
lal
soencour
ageandengage
l
awy
ers t
olear
nthepr
act
icalski
l
lsofr
epr
esent
ingcl
i
ent
sinpr
etr
ailconf
erences,
medi
ati
on,
negot
iat
ionandot
herdi
sput
eresol
uti
onpr
ocesses.

Bi
bli
ogr
aphy
:

1.Bush,Rober
tA.Bar
uch."
Eff
ici
ency and Pr
otect
ion,orEmpower
mentand
Recogni
ti
on:TheMedi
ator
'sRol
eandEt
hicalSt
andar
dsi
nMedi
aton Fl
i a.L.
Rev
. 
41(
1989)

2.DeSmet
,P.A.
,andWi
l
lem A.Nol
en."
StJohn'
swor
tasanant
idepr
essant
."
 BMJ:
Br
it
ishMedi
calJour
nal
 
313,
no.7052(
1996)

3.Edwar
ds, Har
ry T. "
Alt
ernat
ive di
sput
e r
esol
uti
on: Panacea or
anat
hema?
."Har
  var
dLawRev
iew 
99,
no.3(
1986)

4.Ev
ershed,
Franci
sRay
mond."
OurCommonHer
it
ageofLaw.
"NYULRev
  . 
27(
1952)

19
Schmitz,
SuzanneJ." WhatShoul dWeTeachi nADRCour ses:Concept
sandSki l
lsf
or
LawyersRepresenti
ngCl i
entsinMedi at
ion.
"Har
  v.Negot
.L.Rev .
 6(
2001):189.
20
Bush,RobertA.Baruch."Ef
fici
encyandPr ot
ecti
on,orEmpower mentandRecogniti
on:
TheMedi at
or'
sRoleandEt hicalStandardsi
nMedi at
ion.
"Fl
  a.L.Rev
. 
41(1989):253.
 13

5.Hensl
er,Debor
ah R."
Our cour
ts,our
sel
ves:How t
he al
ter
nat
ive di
sput
e
r
esol
uti
onmov
ementi
sre-
shapi
ngourl
egal
syst
em.
"PennSt
  .L.Rev
. 
108(
2003)
.

6.Ji
l
lani
,TassaduqHussai
n."
Del
ayedj
ust
iceandt
her
oleofADR.
"Paki
  stanLaw
Jour
nal
 
(2012)
.

7.Lenv
in,Nat
han B.
,and Er
nestS.Mey
ers."
Nol
o Cont
ender
e:I
tsNat
ureand
I
mpl
i
cat
ions.
"TheYal
  eLawJour
nal
 
51,
no.8(
1942)

8.Mashaw,Jer
ryL."
ManagementSi
deofDuePr
ocess:SomeTheor
eti
caland
Li
ti
gat
ionNot
esont
heAssur
anceofAccur
acyFai
rnessandTi
mel
i
nessi
nthe
Adj
udi
cat
ionofSoci
alWel
far
eCl
aims.
"Cor
  nel
lL.Rev
. 
59(
1973)

9.Menkel
-Meadow,Car
ri
e."
Ethi
csi
nAl
ter
nat
iveDi
sput
eResol
uti
on:New I
ssues,
NoAnswer
sfr
om t
heAdv
ersar
yConcept
ionofLawy
ers'
Responsi
bil
i
ties.
"S.Tex.
 
L.Rev
. 
38(
1997)

10.
RoscoePound,
TheCausesofPopul
arDi
ssat
isf
Act
ionwi
tht
heAdmi
nist
rat
ionof
Just
ice,
40AM.L.REV.729,
742(
1906)

11.
Sander
,Fr
ankEA."
Themul
ti
-doorcour
thouse.
"Bar
  ri
ster
 3(
1976)

12.
Schmi
tz,SuzanneJ."
WhatShoul
dWeTeachi
nADRCour
ses:Concept
sand
Ski
l
lsf
orLawy
ersRepr
esent
ing Cl
i
ent
sin Medi
ati
on.
"Har
  v.Negot
.L.Rev
. 
6
(
2001)
 14

13.
Sher
man,Edwar
dF."
DeanPound'
sDi
ssat
isf
Act
ionwi
tht
heSpor
ti
ngTheor
yof
Just
ice:
Wher
eAr
eWeaHundr
edYear
sLat
er.
"S.Tex.L.Rev
  . 
48(
2006)

14.
VonNessen,PaulE."
TheUseofAmer
icanPr
ecedent
sbyt
heHi
ghCour
tof
Aust
ral
i
a,1901-
1987.
"Adel
  .L.Rev
. 
14(
1992)

15.
Won,Sung-
Kwon."
Over
view ofAl
ter
nat
e Di
sput
e Resol
uti
on wi
th Speci
al
Ref
erencet
oAr
bit
rat
ionLawsi
nPaki
stan.
"J.Ar
  b.St
ud.
23(
2013)

16.
Zucker
man,Adr
ianAS."
Lor
dWool
f'
sAccesst
oJust
ice:Pl
usçachange….
"The
 
moder
nlawr
evi
ew 
59,
no.6(
1996)
15