I.

EQ
a. What- natural vibrations- sudden movement- crust
b. Where- crust, upper mantle- thin skin, broken into slabs fits like a puzzle
c. Major plaes- Ind-aus, N.Amer, S. AMer, Af, Antar
d. Faults- breaks in crust, rocks moving- diff directions
II. Classification of eq
a. Seismic waves- sudden shift –radiates energy, types- body, surface,
b. Intensity- strength of shaking
c. Sismograph- for amplitude- richter sc, formulas for magnitude and energy
i. Sensor, recorder, timer, pen-pendulum-chart-rotating drum-constant speed-
maget-amp
III. Modes of failure
a. Surface rupture, liquefaction,…
IV. Resistant design
a. Asymmetry- T/L, diff parts vibrate at diff amp/freq
b. Based on relative stiffness
c. Soft storey- less stiffness than lvls above/below
d. Pancaking- shaking causes gf to collapse,
e. Pounding damage- 2 buildings close to each other
f. TORSION- COM, COR
g. IRREGULAR STR. CONFIGURATONS

V. Resonance
a. TP of vibration of grd= building…….
VI.
VII.

VIII.
QUESTIONS

1 What is center of mass/rigidity- Centre of mass : where the entire mass is concentrated

Centre of rigidity : point where we tire stiffness is concentrated

2 Distance between the two is called what- is eccentricity

3 And what does it cause-

4 Types of failure- Shear rupture, Pancaking, Pounding damage, Torsion

5 What is strength?-

6 What is pancaking?-

7 Types of loads- Gravity- dead/live/Snow; Lateral- wind, earthquake

8 What is gravitational and lateral load- Along gravity; Lateral loads- live loads applied parallel to the
ground i.e. they are horizontal forces acting on structure.

9 What are tectonic plates -

10 Major tectonic plates- African, antartic Eurasian indo-australian ,north American , Pacific and
South American

11 Types of Tectonic plate movement-

12 Types of zones and places under them-

Zone 5- Himachal , Jammu Kashmir

Zone 4-Delhi , Bihar, west Bengal

Zone 3-Maharashtra , Kerala

Zone 2-Karantaka(Bangalore)

13 How is earthquake measured? -

14 What is seismograph? And how does it work? -

15 Damping -