SMART INJERA BAKING SYSTEM

A Project report Submitted to Mr. Misganaw

in

COMPUTER STREAM

SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 8

1. ANIMAW MULUALEM……………………ENG®O787/07
2. AMANU GIRMA…………………………… ENG®O136/07
3. EWNETU CHANIE………………………… ENG®O741/06
4. DEFARU TSEGAW…………………………. ENG®O993/07
5. HAYLEEYESSUS TUMELISAN……………. ENG®0354/07
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Misganaw

Department of
ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEBRE TABOR UNIVERSITY
DEBRE TABOR (2010)
 DECLARATION
We are here by certify that the Project Report entitled SMART INJERA BAKING under
the guidance of Mr. Misganaw is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Embedded system course project. This is a record of bonfire work carried by me and the results
embodied in this Project Report have not been submitted to any other University or Institute.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, we would like to praise almighty God who helps us to accomplish this project
successfully. Next, our deepest gratitude goes to our advisor Mr. Misganaw for his excellent
advice and active guidance throughout this project. At the last but not the least, even if it is
unusual, the group members would like to thank each other. The main contributors to do this
document project are teamwork, friendship and the belief that we may achieve something we set
out to do. We also hope that this project and the documentation may be testaments to our
continued friendship and better work. And it may also be the essence of success and symbolic
witness of what we are going to work.

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Abstract
in this project we will design and implement a system that will make Injera baking process less
difficult, easy labor intensive and less time consuming process. Injera is a specific type of bread
that is part and parcel to the Ethiopian culture which is the mean food for long time even though
that injera baking process is difficult, labor intensive and time consuming process. Therefore, for
our project we will design and implement smart Injera baking system which intends to give a great
solution for those problems. This system will design to automate the brushing, pouring and baking
processes. The baking process starts by give power supply to the system and Mitad must be riches
its nominal temperature 200c. if the two condition full fil the DC motor start rotate and the poring
process continue until to bake one injera and the process continue in this way. It used for poring
of mixture on the mitad, tube will be design rotate in different radius. After 2 minutes of glazing
finished, the Mitad slide out by using servo motor, then we take injera from Mitad. after 15 second
the mitad return back, then again the mitad temperature riches to nominal value 200c, the DC
motor start and valve open to bake the next process.

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Table of Contents page number
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ ii

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iii

Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 background ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................................ 1

1.3 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 2

Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Literature Revie ........................................................................................................................................ 4

2.1 Traditional Injera Making System in Ethiopia ................................................................................ 4

2.2 Related technology Review ............................................................................................................ 5

Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7

Overall System Design and Components.................................................................................................. 7

3.1 Overall system design ..................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 11

3.3 System Block Diagram ................................................................................................................. 12

Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

System Component and Description ....................................................................................................... 14

4.1 introduction ................................................................................................................................... 14

Chapter 5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

Results and Discussions .......................................................................................................................... 19

5.1 Software Simulation of the System ............................................................................................... 19

5.2 protues Simulation of the System ................................................................................................. 25

5.4 Cost Estimation of the Product ..................................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER SIX ........................................................................................................................................... 28

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CONCULISION AND RECOMENDATION ........................................................................................ 28

6.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 28

6.2 RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................ 28

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 29

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List of table page number

Table 1:-components .................................................................................................................................. 25

Table 2:-cost estimation ............................................................................................................................. 27

List of figure page number

Figure 1:-traditional baking system .............................................................................................................. 5
Figure 2:-system design ................................................................................................................................ 7
Figure 3:-methodology................................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 4:-block diagram of the system ....................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5:- Arduino Uno................................................................................................................................ 15
Figure 6:-Dc motor ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 7:-Flow chart .................................................................................................................................... 26

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 Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1 background

We Ethiopians uses Injera as our mean food for long time now even though that Injera
making process is difficult, labor intensive and time consuming process. Injera is a specific type
of bread that is part and parcel to the Ethiopian culture. It is a necessity food item for almost all
Ethiopians and is utilize in almost all traditional cuisine. Traditionally the batter prepared is cooked
either on a specialized electric stove or a pan made of clay using fire. As the world advanced to
modern technology and high level automation solutions in various fields but Injera making
machines in our country are not yet have been advanced. Even though lots of highly technical
advanced electronic devices are introduced there is still major drawback in Injera making machine
and this due to Ethiopia is the only country that use Injera. So improving this technology have
been challenging so far and our project main aim is to solve this problem for our country.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Injera baking process is difficult and highly time consuming process in day to day life of
we Ethiopians. In rural areas and some part of the urban cities of Ethiopia injera is backed on pan
made out of clay using wood fire usage which causes massive deforestation. Even though the
traditional way of baking injera is replaced by electrical usage mitad but it doesn’t reduce the man
labor, highly consuming electrical power, time and baking process. Although there are many
drawbacks of the traditional and electrical usage injera baking methods here are the most common
problems.
_ It required maximum working time
_ Massive deforestation.
_ It needs man labor.
_ Difficult to manage in high level of production like in universities cafeterias, restaurants and etc.

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_ It is not easily operating system.
_ In Ethiopia most of injera making process is held by girls, men were not perfect in injera making
_ The process is a long process, need much time and need also more energy
_ Due to the long process and a lot of equipment used there was some difficulty in health care
_ Women was suffered doing all the process alone in their rest time
_ Men who live alone suffered from have not injera due to the difficulty of the process.
_ Ethiopians live in abroad lacks accesses of injera due to less exportation and distribution of
injera.

1.3 Objectives

The project main objective is to come up with a complete solution to overcome the limitations of
the traditional process, by converting the manual injera mitad in to smart. Our project has its own
general and specific objectives:

1.3.1 General Objective

To design and an implementable smart injera making machine for house hold level.

1.3.2 Specific Objective

-To analyze and select the micro controller, sensors, DC motor, servo motor
- To design the, pouring, brushing and baking systems.
- Adjust the thickness of the injera in the same size throughout the system.
-To review the design of the electrical mitad and improve it in to smart mechanism.
- Make the process easy for anyone who can have this machine.

1.4 Scope of the Project

Ethiopia is the only country that harvest teff and uses Injera as the main food supplement, and
improving this injera baking system will solve a lot of problem for our country. The scope of this
project is that to develop and implement smart injera baking system.

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1.5 Significant of the Project

The significant of this project is wider than we are trying to explain when this project is finished
the system will solve so many problems regarding to injera baking operation. This system solves
deforestation, time consumption, efficiency, man labor and others. As a new invention this project
has a great role and advantages to our country, for everyone using this system and also to our
University Debre tabor. For high institutions like universities, prisons, hotels and restaurants it will
help to supply the users in a short period of time when industrialized. The smart injera making
system can be modified in to a food complex industry system to produce injera in industrial level
to export and distribute. This will open up job opportunity and improving the economy of our
country.

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 Chapter 2
Literature Review

2.1 Traditional Injera Making System in Ethiopia

In traditional way injera is backed on circular ceramic griddle with shiny smooth black
surface known as mitad. As soon as mitad is heated whether by wood fire or electricity for electric
mitad, then a specially prepared herb is sprinkled over the hot surface to help polish the cooking
surface further and to make sure the injera will not stick to the surface and the herb is polished
from the surface. After this stage the pouring process will start from the outer ridges of the griddle
and work your way in filling up the whole in the middle then you cover the griddle with its top
known as akembalo. Once this step is accomplished let the injera to bake for minutes the duration
of the minutes depend on the temperature of the mitad. After we feel that the injera poured baked
enough to become a perfect injera, we will open the akembalo and take the injera from mitad with
a sefed. The injera should cool off on the sefed until the pouring of dough on the hot griddle. Then
transfer the cooled injera to an enkeb, a special basket used to keep injera and Ethiopian bread and
keep repeating this process until you have finished all the dough and keep piling one injera on top
of the other on the moseb. For traditional injera baking process the following are the main
equipment used in the whole process:
_ Circular mitad made of clay
_ Two tankers one big in size used to store the mixture for fermentation and during process and
the one the small one used to pour the mixture
_ Masesha used to clean the mitad
_ sefed to take injera

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_ enkebo temporary store of injera to cool and mesob as permanent store of Injera

Figure 1:-traditional baking system

2.2 Related technology Review
So far we have look at some literature views which are related with the development of
injera making machine. The development of this machine starts simply by change or improve the
power consumption ability of the clay pad mitad like mirit mitad which have the same process and
the same wood fire usage but it just decreases the amount of wood fire usage. Also like Mighty
mitad and others develop the physical appearance of the clay mitad to wait for a long period. But
still with same tedious process and the same power consumption.
Dr. Wudneh Admassu a professor at University of Idaho and Chairman of Department of Chemical
Engineering built the first automatic Injera mitad in industrial level; he was friend of the Zelalem
injera owner of Ato Kasshun Maru Zelalem injera making machine is industrial level production
machine that trade injera in all USA state. This creation replaces the clay mitad with steel pan belt
and changed the traditional methods of baking injera; it is a belt wise system which plates the
injera on the steel pan and circulates by leaving the injera for operators to take it. However, the
quality of the product means the injera is less efficient than the traditional injera of Ethiopians due
to the steel pan mitad that create eye back of the injera and other necessary qualities.

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 Wassie digital mitad is another recent creation, Wassie Mulugeta mitad is mechanically
and electrical improved machine that operate with minimum power usage. Even though Wasssie
digital mitad is energy conserving mitad it didn’t change any of the baking process of the injera.
In 2001, at Bahir Dar institute of technology students have also tried to solve this problem by
converting the system in to automatic system. They avoid the pouring system by using mechanical
valve system. But the system doesn’t include baking system and they did not implement the
system. If this project is completed it will solve the difficult handmade and highly time consuming
process of injera according to both traditional and electrical usage mitad by avoiding human
participation on the pouring, baking and cooking process of the system.

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 Chapter 3
Overall System Design and Components

3.1 Overall system design

Figure 2:-system design

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 3.1.1 Components of the Design
1. Tanker: used as storage of the dough.
2. Mitad: is the electrical mitad used to bake the injera and this mitad used in this project is the
same as electric mitad used in house hold now days except it is designed mechanically movable.
The thickness of the clay pan will also adjust to decrease the power consumption
3. Oven(akenbalo): it is used as the coverage of the mitad until the injera baked, it is only designed
as cover of the mitad there is no other purpose in the process.
4. Brush: used to clean the mitad before pouring the mixture in to the mitad and after the injera
taking out part is completed. The brush main purpose is to make sure the baking system is safe and
to continue with smooth process.
5. Plate valve: the plate valve is used to outlet the mixture to the mitad for the pouring process. It
operates by rotating the circular plate 360 with the shaft mechanically screwed at the end of motor
rotor.

3.1.2 Overall System Operation

This project main aim is to design an automatic injera making machine with less labor,
with less contamination of human hand and less time consumption. The whole process includes
electrical equipment operated in parallel to each other And The baking system starts by giving
supply source to the electric mitad, which let to increase the temperature of the mitad up until the
nominal temperature. For injera to be perfectly baked, the nominal temperature is about 200c, this
temperature is the preferable for baking injera without sticking and burning due to high
temperature and decrease its quality due to low temperature [gathered from the data we collect].
When the temperature of the mitad reaches its nominal temperature, the thermos couple
temperature sensor connected with the mitad will detect the temperature. After the temperature
sensor detects nominal temperature the servo motor start back and forth for brushing to clean the
mitad. After the brush brushed the mitad, the oven(akenbalo) opened by the control of servo motor.
this helps to injera popped eye. then pouring dc motor will start to slowly pour or cover the mitad
the mixture from the tanker used as storage and as pouring which controlled by its own motor. The
pouring is adjusted to rotate 360 with different radius which can cover the whole mitad with
mixture.

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As long as the mitad is covered with mixture, the servo motor will move the oven to the first
position to cover the mitad for baking process. After the oven is completely cover the mitad and
the pouring return to the first position. after this starts counting the delay to bake injera. To bake
one injera in 200 c temperature, it takes one and half minute. after this time the mitad slide out
with injera. Taking injera manually, after some delay the mitad return back to the first position.
This timer will recycle the whole system for every individual injera except the injera taking sub
process which is held manually by the operator. The system will continue the operation as
mentioned above at nominal temperature until the tanker is empty.
If the temperature is above (or) below the nominal the system stops any operation until the
temperature returns back to its nominal value.

3.1.2.1 Brushing
Brush is used to clean up the stick unwanted things from mitad after the injera taking
process is held and before pouring the mixture in to the mitad. The brush main purpose is to make
sure the baking system is safe and to continue with smooth process. It uses servo motor to control
the direction. The brush has 46cm long which is equal to the diameter of mitad and it cleans the
mitad back and forth respectively with the rotation of the motor.

3.1.2.2 Pouring
Pouring is one of the stages of injera baking process, it is held by rotating the circular tube
360 to slowly pour the mixture to mitad. The tube has different radius which is fitted with the size
of the injera to be baked.
The servo motor mounted to the pouring tube to rotates and start to move, the mixture start pouring
and/or glazed on the mitad.

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3.1.2.2.1 Design and Working Principle pouring
In pouring system adjusting the thickness of the injera is the main factor which affects the
whole design of the components found in this subsystem. The thickness of the injera is affected by
the amount of mixture poured in to mitad, the distance between the mitad and the tube and also
gap used for pouring. The diameter of mitad pan differs from one to others depending on the type
and purpose of usage, but for this specific project we are using 46cm diameter mitad. However,
the diameter used for the poured mixture to be glazed is 40cm, leaving 3cm by each side of the
mitad because it will be difficult to take out the baked injera if it covers the whole mitad pan.
Therefore, in this case the circular tube have gap of 2cm used to outlet the mixture. The thickness
of the mitad then can be adjusted by controlling the factors that affect the thickness of injera.

3.1.2.3 Baking
Baking is the duration take to cook the pouring mixture and change to injera. It starts immediately
after pouring system until taking injera is held. It is a temperature sensitive process. After the
pouring system is closed the oven(akenbalo) is cover the mitad through a servo motor by forward
and reverse. There is a time delay which counts the baking time and after baking process is finished
the oven is return back to the place where pouring system is occurred.
Before pouring process there are delays for taking injera manually and for brushing system. To
identify the nominal temperature and baking delay, we have taken data from the electric mitad
baking on different temperature and baked by different person. due to this reason the data we take
average assumption. The Average delay between pouring and covering the oven to transport are
important data, the time delay need for the oven to open is the same time interval takes for the
injera to pop eyes before it is covered by the oven. This time delay is calculated from the average
data collected and the average time delay is about 12sec move the mitad to the oven.

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3.2 Methodology

The project methodology passed through several design and implementation steps these steps are
categorized under software and hardware categories this hard ware and software part firstly do
separately then after designing of them individually we interface the hard ware and software or we
combine them in one as shown on the next work-break-down flow chart.

START

SOFTWARE DESIGN & HARDWARE DESIGN &

IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION

Install required software Research & decide what

tools equipment to use

Design simulation and Order required equipment

coding

Debug simulation and Circuit Network Design

coding

Having final model and Prepare the Hardware on

code protues for implementation

Interfacing Hardware &

Software

Smart injera baking

END

Figure 3:-methodology

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3.3 System Block Diagram

In this project we use the block diagram as follow:

INJERA IS BAKED
DC MOTOR
POWER SOURCE

SERVO
ARDUIN0 UNO

MOTOR

TEMPRATUR
E SENSOR

Figure 4:-block diagram of the system

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3.3.1 Block Diagram Description
Smart injera baking system mostly consists of the following blocks:

POWER SOURCE: this block is used to give power for the system. the microcontroller(Arduino)
and also other components need power to perform what they did that includes transferring signal
from different parts of the system to another parts.

ARDUINO: this block used to control the overall system that includes by taking signal from LM35
temperature sensors and sending signal to DC motor and servo motor to perform some action like
move forward and bake word in different angle.

SERVO MOTOR: -helps to handle the oven up and down, control the valve to open and close,
used to control brush back and forth for cleaning purpose, used to slide in and slide out the mitad
depending on the signal incoming from Arduino.

DCMOTOR; -used to rotating the poring tube in different radius. It is able to rotate 360 degrees
with in different path that means there is no reputation path.

LM35 TEMPERATURE SENSOR: -used to detect the temperature value used as analog input
and send data to Arduino.

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 Chapter 4
System Component and Description

4.1 introduction

In this project we use the following hardware components: Arduino UNO to control the
input output devices and also the all system, lm35 temperature sensor used as detecting the level
of temperature, dc motor used as rotate the pouring tube, servo motor used to manipulate
something by angle variation, motor driver used to rotate dc motor in bidirectional.

4.1.1 ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic
resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
chip. Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB
to-serial converter.

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 Figure 5:- Arduino Uno
GENERAL
Input Voltage 7-12 V
Digital I/O Pins 20 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
PWM Output 6
PCB Size 53.4 x 68.6 mm
Weight 25 g
Product Code A000066 (TH); A000073 (SMD)

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4.1.2 L293D motor driver
L203D is a monolithic integrated that has a feature to adopt high voltage, high current at
four channel motor driver designed to accept load such as relays solenoids, DC Motors and Stepper
Motors and switching power transistor. To simplify to use as two bridges on each pair of channels
and equipped with an enable input. A separate supply input is provided for the logic, allowing
operation at a lower voltage and internal clamp diodes are included. The device is suitable for use
in switching applications at frequencies up to 5kHz. The L293D is assembled in a 16 lead plastic
package which has 4 center pins connected together and used for heat sinking. The L293D is
assembled in a 20 lead surface mount which has 8 center pins connected together and used for heat
shrinking.

L293D motor driver Feature:

• Control up to 4 DC motors.
• Control 2 Servos.
• Logic Control Voltage VSS: 4.5 ~ 5.5 V
• Motor Supply Voltage VSS: 15v
• Drive operating current IO: 1.2A
• 8 Stage Serial Shift Registers

4.1.3 LM35 Temperature sensor

In general, a temperature sensor is a device which is designed specifically to measure the
hotness or coldness of an object. LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output
proportional to the temperature (in °C) With LM35, the temperature can be measured more
accurately than with a thermistor. It also possesses low self-heating and does not cause more than
0.1 °C temperature rise in still air. The operating temperature range is from -55°C to 150°C. The
LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to
readout or control circuitry especially easy. It has find its applications on power supplies, battery
management, appliances, etc.

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4.1.4 DC motor
A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by
magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either
electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the
motor.

DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from existing
direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a
wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can
operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances.
Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for
steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC
motors possible in many applications

Figure 6:-Dc motor

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4.1.5 servomotor
A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or
linear position, velocity and acceleration. It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for
position feedback. It also requires a relatively sophisticated controller, often a dedicated module
designed specifically for use with servomotors.
Servomotors are not a specific class of motor although the term servomotor is often used to refer
to a motor suitable for use in a closed-loop control system.

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 Chapter 5
Results and Discussions

5.1 Software Simulation of the System

Our system is simulated by protues software. Arduino IDE is software used to write
Arduino Uno code.

5.1.1 Proteus 8.0 Professional

In Greek mythology, Proteus is an early sea-god or god of rivers and oceanic bodies
of water, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea".[2] Some who
ascribe to him a specific domain call him the god of "elusive sea change", which suggests
the constantly changing nature of the sea or the liquid quality of water in general. He can
foretell the future, but, in a mytheme familiar to several cultures, will change his shape to
avoid having to; he will answer only to someone who is capable of capturing the beast.
From this feature of Proteus comes the adjective protean, with the general meaning of
"versatile", "mutable", "capable of assuming many forms". "Protean" has positive
connotations of flexibility, versatility and adaptability.
As a concept and as a word, Proteus is not a commonly used term today, but has
been adopted by some companies to be an interesting concept for the basis of their
business names, ranging from healthcare to industrial supplies all the way to sports
nutrition and supplementation. In medicine, Proteus syndrome refers to a rare genetic
condition characterized by symmetric overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues.
Organs and tissues affected by the disease grow out of proportion to the rest of the body.
This condition is associated with mutations of the PTEN gene. Proteus also refers to a
genus of Gram-negative Proteobacteria, some of which are opportunistic human
pathogens known to cause urinary tract infections, most notably. Proteus mirabilis is one
of these and is most referenced in its tendency to produce "stag-horn" calculi composed
of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) that fill the human renal pelvis.

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5.1.2 ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) -
contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with
buttons for common functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino and
Genuine hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.
 Writing Sketches
Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These
sketches are written in the text editor and are saved with the file extension. ino. The editor
has features for cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives
feedback while saving and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text
output by the Arduino Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other
information. The bottom right hand corner of the window displays the configured board
and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open,
and save sketches, and open the serial monitor.
 Sketchbook
The Arduino Software (IDE) uses the concept of a sketchbook: a standard place to
store your programs (or sketches). The sketches in your sketchbook can be opened from
the File > Sketchbook menu or from the Open button on the toolbar. The first time you
run the Arduino software, it will automatically create a directory for your sketchbook.
You can view or change the location of the sketchbook location from with the Preferences
dialog. Beginning with version 1.0, files are saved with a .ino file extension. Previous
versions use the .pde extension. You may still open .pde named files in version 1.0 and
later, the software will automatically rename the extension to .ino.
 Tabs, Multiple Files, and Compilation
Allows you to manage sketches with more than one file (each of which appears in
its own tab). These can be normal Arduino code files (no visible extension), C files (.c
extension), C++ files (.cpp), or header files (.h).

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 Uploading
Before uploading your sketch, you need to select the correct items from the Tools
> Board and Tools > Port menus. The boards are described below. On the Mac, the serial
port is probably something like /dev/tty.usbmodem241 (for an Uno or Mega2560 or
Leonardo) or /dev/tty.usbserial-1B1 (for a Duemilanove or earlier USB board), or
/dev/tty.USA19QW1b1P1.1 (for a serial board connected with a Keyspan USB-to-Serial
adapter). On Windows, it's probably COM1 or COM2 (for a serial board) or COM4,
COM5, COM7, or higher (for a USB board) - to find out, you look for USB serial device
in the ports section of the Windows Device Manager. On Linux, it should be
/dev/ttyACMx , /dev/ttyUSBx or similar. Once you've selected the correct serial port and
board, press the upload button in the toolbar or select the Upload item from the Sketch
menu. Current Arduino boards will reset automatically and begin the upload. With older
boards (pre-Diecimila) that lack auto-reset, you'll need to press the reset button on the
board just before starting the upload. On most boards, you'll see the RX and TX LEDs
blink as the sketch is uploaded. The Arduino Software (IDE) will display a message when
the upload is complete, or show an error. When you upload a sketch, you're using the
Arduino bootloader, a small program that has been loaded on to the microcontroller on
your board. It allows you to upload code without using any additional hardware. The
bootloader is active for a few seconds when the board resets; then it starts whichever
sketch was most recently uploaded to the microcontroller.
 Libraries
Libraries provide extra functionality for use in sketches, e.g. working with
hardware or manipulating data. To use a library in a sketch, select it from the Sketch >
Import Library menu. This will insert one or more #include statements at the top of the
sketch and compile the library with your sketch. Because libraries are uploaded to the
board with your sketch, they increase the amount of space it takes up. If a sketch no longer
needs a library, simply delete its #include statements from the top of your code. There is
a list of libraries in the reference. Some libraries are included with the Arduino software.
Others can be downloaded from a variety of sources or through the Library Manager.
Starting with version 1.0.5 of the IDE, you do can import a library from a zip file and use
it in an open sketch. See these instructions for installing a third-party library.

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 Third-Party Hardware
Support for third-party hardware can be added to the hardware directory of your
sketchbook directory. Platforms installed there may include board definitions (which
appear in the board menu), core libraries, bootloaders, and programmer definitions. To
install, create the hardware directory, then unzip the third-party platform into its own sub-
directory. (Don't use "Arduino" as the sub-directory name or you'll override the built-in
Arduino platform.) To uninstall, simply delete its directory.
 Serial Monitor
This displays serial sent from the Arduino or Genuino board over USB or serial
connector. To send data to the board, enter text and click on the "send" button or press
enter. Choose the baud rate from the drop-down menu that matches the rate passed to
Serial.Begin in your sketch. Note that on Windows, Mac or Linux the board will reset (it
will rerun your sketch) when you connect with the serial monitor. Please note that the
Serial Monitor does not process control characters; if your sketch needs a complete
management of the serial communication with control characters, you can use an external
terminal program and connect it to the COM port assigned to your Arduino board. You
can also talk to the board from Processing, Flash, MaxMSP, etc.
 Preferences
Some preferences can be set in the preferences dialog (found under the Arduino
menu on the Mac, or File on Windows and Linux). The rest can be found in the preferences
file, whose location is shown in the preference dialog.

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 Language Support

Since version 1.0.1 , the Arduino Software (IDE) has been translated into 30+ different
languages. By default, the IDE loads in the language selected by your operating system.
(Note: on Windows and possibly Linux, this is determined by the locale setting which
controls currency and date formats, not by the language the operating system is displayed
in.) If you would like to change the language manually, start the Arduino Software (IDE)
and open the Preferences window. Next to the Editor Language there is a dropdown menu
of currently supported languages. Select your preferred language from the menu, and
restart the software to use the selected language. If your operating system language is not
supported, the Arduino Software (IDE) will default to English. You can return the
software to its default setting of selecting its language based on your operating system by
selecting System Default from the Editor Language drop-down. This setting will take
effect when you restart the Arduino Software (IDE). Similarly, after changing your
operating system's settings, you must restart the Arduino Software (IDE) to update it to
the new default language.

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 Boards
The board selection has two effects: it sets the parameters (e.g. CPU speed and baud
rate) used when compiling and uploading sketches; and sets and the file and fuse settings
used by the burn bootloader command. Some of the board definitions differ only in the
latter, so even if you've been uploading successfully with a particular selection you'll want
to check it before burning the bootloader. Arduino Software (IDE) includes the built in
support for the boards in the following list, all based on the AVR Core. The Boards
Manager included in the standard installation allows to add support for the growing
number of new boards based on different cores like Arduino Due, Arduino Zero, Edison,
Galileo and so on.

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5.2 protues Simulation of the System

In protues software select and drag any device comment on it, set its function
on the system and connect it with the power line is easy and impressive process,
however, to do this first and for most we should identify the system components
and then decide whether it is input or output of the system and their function on
the work. The following are input and output of our system and their function on
the work.

Table 1:-components
Component symbol Description Statues

Dc motor dc Rotate the poring Output

tube

Servo motor servo Brushing purpose Output

Servo1 motor Servo1 Opening and Output

closing
oven(akenbalo)

Servo2 motor Servo2 Opening and Output

closing tube

Servo3 motor Servo3 Sliding mitad Output

L293D motor L293D Rotating dc motor Output

driver clockwise and anti-
clockwise direction

LM35 LM35 Detect temperature Input

temperature value
sensor

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Figure 7:-Flow chart

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 PROTUES SIMULATION OF THE SYSTEM

5.4 Cost Estimation of the Product

Cost Estimation is used to analyze the benefit of our product.

Name of equipment Qty. Cost (birr)

Dc motor 1 174
Servo motor 4 1200
Lm35 temperature sensor 1 26
L293D motor driver 1 61
Total 7 1461
Table 2:-cost estimation
The above table indicates the total Component cost is almost 1461. with out other
expenditures that means we use this system directly adding to existed baking system.

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 CHAPTER 6
CONCULISION AND RECOMENDATION

6.1 Conclusion

Injera is special bread which is the only mean food of Ethiopian people and due to this it
was suffer to develop its technology. Until now its technology was mostly focused on the
conversion of wood fire and decrease of its consumption. This project deals with problems of
manually processed injera making machine and overcoming the challenges by making the system
smart including brushing, pouring and baking operation systems. The operation of the system is
simulated using the proteus software simulation, the work was successfully simulated
simultaneously starting from clinging mitad and pouring and baking. The operation will continue
until empty the tanker is empty. The whole system is temperature sensitive system it only works
when mitad is at nominal temperature, the breaker will break the power supply when the
temperature is higher and the mitad will wait until it reaches its nominal. For anyone who can
have this smart injera making system no matter he has the ability to bake injera or not will be so
easy to bake injera.

6.2 RECOMMENDATION

Even though this project has overcome most of the problem of the traditional injera making
process, for further works and improvement we recommend the following ideas:
_ Make the system completely automatic by change the manual handled injera taking process to
automatic.
_ Decrease the power consumption of the system.
_ Connecting this system with Biogas, solar and other power sources so as to
make it useable in rural areas of the country.
_ Advancing the system to make it suitable for industrial production level

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Bibliography

[1] et al Ali. Food and forage legumes of ethiopia progress and prospects, pro-
ceeding of the workshop on the food and forage legumes addis ababa, ethiopia.
2003.
[2] John Wiley and Sons. P.c.sen. principles of electric machines and power elec-
troncs. 1997.
[3] Study and test of a bldc motor drive systems function and operation fr a pump
application. . URL http//www.info@zelaleminjera.com.
[4] . URL http//www.wasselectronics.com.index.php/
wass-electronics-blog/latest.
[5] Danel and Hansson.
[6] Stefan Baldusson. Stefan baldursson. may 2005.

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