THE HARP A Review of Syrise and Oriental Studies. BOARD OF EDITORS ‘Chief Edor + De. V. Samuel Manoging Ble | De, G. Panieker Ear De J. Thekepesonpit ‘De. Mae Aptem. Metropolitan Dra A. Mathai De GA. Abratar Me. AL AL Mathew Dr. G Chest De KV. Mathew Dr. KM. George Dr. A, J. Tholanikunned De A. Kavksnatt De. M. Vellanickal Fe, A. Keka Dr. J. Velivan st Constants Dis. L. Abramowsl, Tabingens Ml. Albert, Patsy S. Brock. Osfords LH Dale, Parisy 1. Y. Ebied,,Sydneys A Esbrocck, Mune F. Grain, Paris: A. Guillnomont, Pots LMI Gy, Paris F, Du Tabb, leq; W. Hage, Marbure ‘Av de Tiles, Louvaiay E. H. Hombye, Romie. Kanf- hola, Muvieh; J. Madey, Prderbara:” K MeVey, ‘New Fecwy J.P. Me van dee Ploeg, Nimegens M. Selmi, Elehsttt; W. Se, Wien) A. Vonbusy Chiengoy JW. Watt, Cai G. Wiessner, Gittingen; P. Yousit, Home Pabtiber: Prot ALA. Atexandce Yeurly sseription: Rs. Single copy: Me. 6 5.15 by air mat AMlertspondene cating nansripts and. book reviews The Celation Manager "The Har stent Tsker Hit, Kottayam 686 ont ela, fia Pabised by Prot. MA. Mesander Printed at St. Josephs Press, Mavnanom, THE HARP Vol. vi, x. Jy 1908-1006 A Review of Syriac and Oriental Studies St pire Beumenical Research Institue (SEERI) ater Hl, Kottayam ~ 886001, Kerala, nda i «EEX === TE _i THE HARP vet vm say 1995 = 006 Poy | Editorial 7 A nile Ceeratin of the Dive Diapenation, | or'Gous Economy a Satetion . ‘ Frans Acharya The Spine sures rain tothe perseation of the Christnn of Najan ln Seth Arable ol Francoise Belge Syriac Litura Potry = A Reoure for Today 8 S. P. Brock Some Comments on the Prayer of Consecration of eons in the Syriae Tradition o Christine Chalet Fee Mingled with Spirit: St, Ephrem’s Views on Angels and the Angelic Life of Christians 9% P. J. Botha (Pretoria) Das Indionbid in der Syrischen Thomasliteratur ~ The three pooms of Jacob of Sarug about the Apostel Thomas in fads : 105, Dr. Dr. Bertram Sehimits ‘The Purpose of Jacob of Eidesss’s Version of Samuel u7 Alison Satvexn iE ZT T_T TJ,4 one mane Eenslayement in Syrie Literatute-Comparaive Chronology with Har Hebracus Alesandr Jac 1PS The Prophetieal Testimonies about Christ: ‘An tneditedtypologial exegesis la Spine Alain Desreumane The Last Things: Shubhalmaran and hi Times Did. ane “The Book of Tressores 7 Fee, De. 6, Pariser Experience of Pheumatological Eschatology in Ephrem George Korakaperampit The Apology of Timothy, the Patriarch, before Caliph Mah the Chistian Atuslim Dislogue yesterday and today De Karlene Kuta Cross and Crucis in the Syrian Tradition Ren. De. Jue Kolleparamsit The Dimension of Lave According to Jacob of Sarug Pv. Pit ‘The Pocumalologiel vision of Mar Nara Dr, tsaae Aicappatit CAT Addai Shir 1967-1915 Assad Souma Assad Peter of Callnicus and Damiaa of Alexandeia net R. Wickham im 139 101 87 7 195 ma Mysticitm in Syrian Tradition Dr. James Aethagil CM, MA, TD Luther Pera’s Contribution to the Restoration of the Chureh of the East in Urmia Martin Tameke ‘Timothy and his Dialogue with Austins Horatd Suermana Introduction to the Life of Mar Bishot (siglm MB) ev, Dr. J. Sanders [Narsa's Christology According to His Homily On the Word Became Flesh Dr Jdth Frishmen ‘The Historicty of Apostle Thomas Evangelization In Kerala ue Dr, Joseph Kelangadan ‘The Syriae Language and Heritage in the Life of the Churches of the Syrian Christians of St. Thomas : Koren Hermes World Syriae Conference : Areishop Joseph Pomathit Christ and Christians: An Eeclesiological Teme in Ephrem Koonammakial Pome Kethanar Mar Oudhisho Metropolitan of Sawa (Died in 1818) and his Literary Works P. Varghese ‘ipo eeseseseséi‘“‘“_“ai‘“i‘i‘<‘<‘é al 29 25 263 7 280 30 315,6 run wane Indion Christin in Greek Orthodox Hymnography Wassitis Klein, Born Crosses with Epigraphs in Mediaeval Central and East Asian Christianity. Wolfgang Hage Rite for the Dedication of the Chureh in the West Syrian Tradition : George Mathew, Kotteyam Les Chretiens De St. Thomts Et Le Pretre Jean apres quelques travaux recents 7 1H, Dalinals OP Der Apostel Thomas in Chin Die Herkuntt einer ‘Tradition argon Tubach Gondopharnes . K. Lake Documentation Book Reviews : SEERI-Chronicle 375 383 305 307 a 451 468 84 Editorial Volume VIII, IX of HARP is larger than any other. Its contents comprise mostly of the scholarly" papers. pre- sented atthe last WORLD. SYRIAG CONFERENCE. held here a€ SEERI in 1904, A few of thee are in. languages ther than English, Apart from the papers presented at the World Syrie Conference, a few other artiles ef Lopeal interest are also ince Duc to lack of fcilities in oar press, rlerences in Greek had to be rendered. in Noman script or altogether ‘omitted, It'Is hoped that this deficiency does not too ‘adversely alfect those papers in which Greek terms were employed.ES 198 she ane ‘epistles by Paul, and in the book, by land in the revelation by the Siby uschius of Cosares, ‘The so-called “Thaddeus of Petea is in fact a misreading of Pueudo-Methodioe of "Patata » who. wrote 4 world eromeal Containing apocalyptic visions? I dare not give you s conclusion, I have tried to preseat ty you an uninow rate about the Economy af Chek in spite "ofits poor literary aloe, I snggst tint it could bey senteibution for undersinding the ‘Usclogy of history ameag fytige charehes, explaining why sytie itersare contains s6 man books ‘of clironogeaphy. Tnotice that it uses the. wellskeey typological method not only working with Old Testament heats tnd sayings, but sso with apocryphal literature, As. it does mot sive te “hames of its sources, those are included among te fsHoniea) ones; the author produces the ilusion that alt the Agures and the sayings are sithted on the sane level and ane ie sone bbc status Ae amatter of ask they do. nve. the same theological value. in the Apology of the Aprenypse of Past nth Hard al the snail aad pny fants and Ghrist ‘and Kington” Both texts use holes igure, prophets sayings pens uotations and apoerypial narratives, But thee erent: The Apology of the spocultse of Pat wants 12 fret the genuineness the Aporalype: the Beorfinn Can tess the maning of word istry the beng the in change of eallzing the Kingom of God! F'canent rote th uote he passoge where one of the chapter of Soria Wise fe “Until the Babel fighting God the mn guage onthe earth ower whic Nemrod wanted to erect for tf aly thete was no" more Cre oot i ‘he language thal God spoke wth ‘dare eat ith afretytagna soa he gag Jnoguoge of ‘ie Art religion "on* the world, “Beeanee tat Re tna whey the dot of te ney get Mae ‘the throne of God is on the west \u" Paradis of Eden, since * Be alana ae at mined ye Risen t an & BRE sponte, aludes et repertaiea publics par Panstiea Aevtecherche et Whiston def @gttsherehe ct Westone des exten pang) aitonn deceeete te Hane Vol. VII, IX, uhy 1905 ~ 1996, pp. 199-149 . J, Lane The Last Things; Shubhalmaran and his Times Intyoduction Cotes 1 Anos he preesate to be peed rlow the rey sae at a tie "Bapuratest ane Tor the Emperor af China, one sete gunn, or rater af the conte Arimn nomads 2d one forthe Khao yam. so iti sutable to begin a paper on tee an aero Sathotmarn’s work olecte in Brith Libeary eae Sltaneripe THe with a reminder of the traditional Ca care Sag you hc in interesting tine”, For Shubhal cee a ithe intresting times” of te ater part of the aren hcewcen 590 and E30, At he binning of this period the sna ee Sfperia hed anions af being the grat middle Sosa ree hctwccn the central Asin steppes he Byzantine Fan ed ee or hina once more they ight be a power SERS, thay had Deen In the Uimes of Gyre Xeraes apd Dart Te" Sak py tne end ofthe period this ambition bad come to a i gte ersan empire Tell easly tothe Arab ovaders st sgh, the conlaing fotos, 0-3 of this alle sion of Suhaigaras works ave dll and oscars, They ae 2 Aion of Shab ian from the apocalyptic course ref aoe om bis parables of judgement at the wedding 2 are aad Cats epic to the Tesnontans. They seem feat and om Suan show how sceped_Shobhalmran wa) in {o de Hit gin ts words the eatral expression of Ns own setae Ba eg Af ne. ence eth ating ous nt ee? ere tte reench Hato the events and persona tram stand, getter ith snne tiokng on the Kind of _gpraingre 1201. See aninaen ve great. Sassanian king, eaused throne in bit capital of140 me msn imateral presented in those folie show the value nthe Last Things, They ae expeesies not deserve they Provide sn eon of te paid om the perspective nf od ‘whose cretion was being deliberataly marred, but who was stein da oi nv Stara at ‘then, was to provide a firm ground, indeed a confirmation toe Grsuan hope and faith nthe "Hoteresing times They were evidence of the feithuines of God, in that he allowed tims for {he eel mature aid source of el tobe pin, and lowed ime flor repentance to Be embrace, Ta ts fain, too, he gies & lar sxreion of he ature ah eof Seis Meshih tthe divine parse. Hence what follows in thin Paper falls into three sections: first, a summary of the centu i ‘which Shubhalmaran lived; second, a summary of th iment in the folios under discussions: third, a comment on ore ‘which Shabhalaaran aes seriptue to evaluate the, events of tee heh Shahar saluate the events of hi 35 evldence of the divine merey nd judgemest The tines of Shubtalmaran scconon af Choe 1 tthe tate eae oe in 625 of Re grant Chosrocs IE Aparwan, "he Conqueror shovel the foeting a decay of Stan mbon and we sansion. It saw, too, the end of the ancient world an Segasiag ofthe medieval The rego of thaw tn ral th a brutal and the second brittle, had conseques ‘for the fae laf the Chitin commsiy, wich ed Been theta 9 “ate osu na he hing, sn 410 he ‘le of ata" andes th frod eta for on ofthese lat fis of Shubhatmaran, which shase Something of the mind of 0 something if of the author of the Apocalypse of Ps Tore elements ean oe an be distinguished as active ry, ech of which had etext on the Church In Pru, The together ith a sopotamia ete military, eels ot Byram, Perpots was the" Baphraten the” healers a shies af Tran. Tn S40 Chores 1 tat i the © pansion of Pera to th turning away from the Irani ome tear-ond, ands consequent embeoineat astical and political interests “poate feplaced by “tesiphon on Mesopotamia dlapaced the ro base ENG; somEyaHARAN AND aS ENS HAE roke the truce with Justinian, the Roman Emperor, and sacked wrerscla prelude to three periods of war that followed 340- Aa pp-Son, and 602-620. In effect this was the consequence of the prosimiiy of two great powers, now confronting each et Boehttum’s concerns. were with the astern frontiers and Pusrnces Petsias the recovery of Ast Minor, Syria, Osoenes Preeti hardly surprising that Shubhatmaran, active i and evthuarier of the seventh eentury, refers to. there being @ te mah state of wats fought with no hope of wvietory. Maurice rama the anes round Tages, bat Persians had to yield territory reine region of Lake Van. Maurice supported the ousted Chosroes IT we he benioning of his reign; Chosrees ostensibly avenged the hnurder of his protector. “the second clement is the nature of the Persian church as com 410, a sbsidinry commeaity within the sossanian empite Droseytism was forbidden, vet Christianity usually tolerated in aahange for loyalty and reliable payment of taxes, The aceredited Shure ruler, Cathoticns, was responsible to the King of Kings Teathe rdertiness of his community and seted as the inter er ney between ruler and Chrstias. But there were alternative sretle of communieation; Ciristians also had recourse to f= ranuat persous at court for favour and interest, Under normal ceethntduces this worked well, a. when the aged Sabrisha Twas Sepraved by. Chesroes Il as Catholicos. However Persian cone waeits in Syria, Palestine and Asia Minor, together with Byzantine WMiNlons of Persia under Maurice and his successor Heraclins, Trough about. the co-existence in the Persian empite of non Chalgedonian Christians, Persian and non-Persian by others termed eateclem and Nonophysite. Roth groups laid claim to be the Ral Chrlatian community of Persia, meriting royal protection Pectiouatism and play for favour followed inevitably. In one Theude Grogory of Nisibis vas nominated to be candidate for Tre postion of Catholicos, yet lobbying ensured that the rong Ghegary, of Maisen, was intruded, and the exchange could only ceeeeyesea After the death of this Gregory the Catholieate wa eeended, in the outcome for twenty years. Probably Chosct was unwitting. to appoint a candidate nominated by Gre nnuence of Gabriel of Singas, and therefore appointed no TMdidate, Ta another episode, a syaod mecting in OI or 614 Gresented a statement of orthodox beliet for’ royal approval Aine nas rejected, it being afterwards alleged that the pagans12 sun mane did not understand it, and the eourt-favourite monophysite party would not understand It, Chosroes IV's firt wife Maria. the daughter of the emperor Maurice, was a Christian; later he ‘married his favourite concubine Shin, a Jacobite convert, who together with her physilan Gabriel of Singae, took Mouophyitism under their particular proteetion, The result, inevitably, was combination of favour and antipathy. No wonder that Shubbal- raran spoke bitterly of factions, hereses and heretics. ‘The third clement was the double necesty onder which the Saienian King ona Mawel, He had to eb, oto pleats the Zooctrian clr had toss advantags athe ektaging circumstances of honity to or fsendship. with, Byeantim, The ‘estward movement was at simpy 8 matter of conrontation ‘ih Byemtium. Chostoes I defest of the White Huns had Imadea westward prospet fable, But more to the polnt was the renting of the Maadakites, andthe turing away from the teaitons! Zrostron and mabe supporters of the Persian empire Tran and Central Asia were abandoned, and Mesopotamia beet the centre of auorty and soaree of wealth, Here there was 8 mintue of satontites from cast and wert, a of regio ad Philosophies. Goverament now was through enurtehques fed qoups. Like the Byzantom of Justine, the Perit of Chosroer HT was s bureaucracy ‘of nancies, Hence Christine felt te feo of favour and dstavour as Intra andexteeal events forced the Persian monica to form and efor since. Most notably this happened nt the time of Chosors W's lata overthrow, and retura to power through the help of auc. ‘a0 again at the time of the invasions of Deria hy erectus Jn the test insane, persecution of Chistian payed ts port in the second insane the playing olf Chitan and other fastons aginst cach other etved wel. Mesopotamia Was. the entre of dewish activity, and the period sexs the consolidation &{ rabbinic traditions inthe Babylonian Talmud. Little wonder hat Shobhimarae makes bitter remarks about. Jews the cenureption who crate te meh, nur Lar. tle wonder etek he strexed the humanity of Jests agaist the hypo, ftataton of human “copacies which, was one mark of Zorostiaaiom, and a proper atesticsn as pall that of the Maniehes. Hsnce these times, marked by Persian Byzantine enfct and recouelation, by teestated Royal whi dace eT NRO reerrrerrerrerer errr erence os: suepnrocanan ayn ms raies 148 christian community, and Uy Sater-Chistin, Christian ae ca srattanspagnn rivalries could hardy’ fil tobe Jesh and oo Churey It ls nt surprising that Shabkskaran a ‘wells into scripture as proof that something better, - gue Oe ips emd ofthe ages fy bind the crocs of the Prevents and that present evil was the working out of primary presents ad tha! ane his fithfa servants which Mettnn and ated agsast Gol an is othe servants WA Stat een een tn the tne of Adon. Nori it sursinag Tie tis theology aad ssectcism are conservative, Inte F ja" Son and. between Messiah and felation between Father an Teliers eather than fa the two natures of Chri ‘The test tllos ot toa my ase doping that Shabana ke atigtindertiMeatinn. tebe contemporain es ae TEN je who. is to perish and_crtalnly £0 ara ennection between the Persians of his time and those of no connection Wriyatare such aa mes_made by _Aphrabat it roots Weeeyehideatifeaton of evil and wickedness vould ‘serve his cause: in any ease the evil Tru not help is cose ot 88 te saa tacough all groups. Bat #7 a is time arash method. It is Broken up foto nr Concerning......". and his argument a. Erctons, ysuolly identifiable as most bee fl end “Praise to you": sul with_shbininrans nk th argument comune, Sl “Suecesiveaeetion building. on vconeoslon aca ‘the preceding 08 reached oF 4 en” tion of our Lord and the consequent eta ore a thope ho ble i him ls v-Gte); marks “spartan a a tat fviows. The Best esronfle sas ese tsk and to ote and i fsa are an seme and hom The Ha ts of 6 ar aed peace, The Pa er is house Our Lars fst coming the wrdegrcams or" jgye accommodates itself to the nature and asin bom eaters yet the Church, the Bride, say the See tty became doubfl, and tought mle ef Ne TR ards Mam gery tha of des! meting with Joh the Sina eee nmedatly followed by Mo mecting wth Satan the hater of virtue. The physical imagery is144 ome wane sun, whose rays cannot be directly endured. Jesus and his, splendour and his love must he tempered for the capacity of human nature. In the same way, too, Jesus medistes the splendor of the godhoad to those who are called to enjoy it. The section ends with Jesus invitation to the wedding banquet, and a Dlesing on those found worthy of it ‘The second stetion, fols 6lv-62y, briefly builds on the first, copecally the future nature of the promised rest. It contains the dark sayings of our Lord and St. Paul of the later days, “in true glory I will be revealed to you", bt for the moment there is the period of confosion where ‘nether Jesus nor the source ofall wickedness, the murderer who is from the first, are recognised for what they are. ‘This section, Teaning heavity on Matthew 24, Mk 13, and 2 Thess 2, acknowledges the difficulty of seeing the origin, the true natare, and the outcome of the physical and spiritual dimeulties and disster which mark the cou temporary age. The ageat of restraint in Thessalonians is dader= stood as the divine merey, and the agent of evil In Mk 13. Portrayed es an inverted. imoge of Jesus, also raised from a ‘woman, and esied from among Jews ‘The third section, fols 625-63r, builds on whet has gone Delore and fastens on those episodes where the Ferults of the work of evil are sen and have. alread abomination in the Temple is understood as the agent of evil in the Church as he had been in the assembly of those who raced Jesus: for there was at that time the revival of those sins which hed been put to death in Christ. The chief humen futures not wholly to care for the mysteries af out salvation alone; evil commands. that we enjoy honour, ot! Wy Been seen: The figure of things, claims divine ‘and promises the destiny of heaven, ‘The fourth section, ls 6Br-8tv, sete aut the barbarity and harshness inflicted on the trae and faithfal, and which overwhelm ‘the Chureh. Few there have the acumen to perceive their source, that ts the wickedness of the one doomed to. destruction, Most are unable to recognise deceitfolness for what it really in, oF to fecogise the truth and to pouder it, Natural disasters of arthguakes and plagues are rife, the stints are oppressed and storm toned, tortures of suspension by the flager and. torment sos: omigtotanas: AND ans cies 5 tention of enlarging the party of the whole body have the intention of se pts at ree alse Bssing comes to tho who en fre faithful ‘est tn, ft He emer tegen it te tested for destraston actu From he foo ituinget the par.of Gol to Adam and Ext (0m feare sw baled “God” and o tae open eatery vet cia ie terctore vse to destry he el teint he and teeth eee Sree fe hay nether pty nr shame, proving iressbly a eS gece ite of i is oF Atesng of is te cigth_seetlon, fs GSeORF recounts ils come onan eh ening om eat cr, of E ae ae aad ane tromn the begining. He shes, 80, cease or what he isa man tng nom te gpd fesdes, the Messiah fn whom we, have, reserrecton, and Wiens King wit stb dlp, tough rte of the in show, SENS fodends andthe relationship af the Son. and Plane agh the Spt in Tee. The ariptral imagery hat ri ttaa'sohn the apt whose message af the om 10 hone fs enti and whose conronttion Semin ett wihmpadenee and iter tion on the ‘he seventhsetion, fs, «malta : The seventh savy inthe and of Patestine of the ‘aati ve the gotend, andthe coming of the tart Triumph els, and the destruction of the one : emp with et was announced y Elsh and, whose destruction, whos Smnptsed Dy the saioat. Il the Ineliaation totic bs cwmmned up in tals oxo gare, who es ms of ous nature romctfomte desire to obtain the gen, anki hae commandments under foo. Bat tose wo ae SS Joona ‘soul and heart, and in uprightness (eience in desu ia party of aman, sence ag care in about, ace summoned the father ings. Fist, ‘te elgth seston, fol 69-79%, does hee things, Ce in suanses ‘the need for compunction, a —o_—_—_~————————eeeeeee16 me mane ‘those who look on the Jesus whom they he ‘Stach wallet nae the demon who fell and deceived Adam, {paso te whe pt th ato Gol an ted rts tol eres i he ches thatthe crn the bests for be made os perfect wile we’ are tl ungeteot and: toe trom the ate, ie fit fie of mankind “were taken trom un man made erect whose haiti te beat of at Ida bette fovniation of te wort he wo wore aa Seow ahs a alone wi him in everthing’ ne fod wil tin cnsin tempeh tah he att he the Mess wrk, tTve for emnies so nene, “He, completes nd petting dingo x een i he tinglom af Geen. Ge at fre hich is either fanned nor quenched, with wether brightness She night hough lay is gen to allow rapenanc, And the eset rene that those who have the confide ot Gos ‘may be mingled with the holy ones, sel ants The end of the matter ‘few matters can now can eles anno be aed cenctning Shtanara' tan rig conelns tom hin work i ths fel os 7 ‘manuscript, He weaves together obs Eas contemporary cirumvianes and sig. quotation and Cemmet Hee i i eft to ‘eal ta het one the fathe carmarra it governing the ehurch during the Int : tte ait an ining repeattos tothe Keg see ‘of Bet Seog was on the route of Herele veo ot eracliy lnvasion. of sr ast THINGS; STURHAENARAN AND ts tives M7 persia, His pont of raference is always that Jesus, our Lord Pea sfeanbs the focal igure in God's dealings with his word irs, his pattern of thinking about Jesus. There are two osuages which are vietuol statements of eli. That in the passers ton hae been diseussed in Ue writer's article in’ OCA sean tat compared with the cradle statements of the Synods of aa crn other passage, in the eighth sestion follows the sae eoeiatern. The term “Son” is the only ope whieh deseribes same Pljon of God to Jesus, one in everything, in love and te ee ithout confusion, conjunction or intermingling, the 1a ead. trom heaven who gave himself for the world. The ceeeyens here fs on. his partiepation in mankind and in its Sara Mod perils and death, and on the efficacy of Wis death seer there 1s none, friend to him or foe, who it not ee a'pgy this: This handing over and death is sign of the SFustnees of the Father’ Tove, not of the wonkness of Me sireer Here, then, ee sce the traditions! approsch of the Fenscaocinns; but given an emphasis which comes from the caermiMances of the first quarter of the seventh century: second his vse of seripture. In some Snstonces several passages are woven together, For example, the frst ston BaeShy recalling the joy of the bridegroom's houshold. for Detins PYenare become one, and goes on to say that through tre ari fhe wisdom of God ts known to principalities, and sansa he heavenly places: and, tht this knowledge 0 the Domere i the knowledge, which only the Son has ofthe Father, cer ae tthe Son, and those to whom this is revesled, the Father iniaion of Mk 1 (baptism by John), Ja 3:20 Tri cag at the, ridegrooms volt), Eph 215 (making, two (rig Sto (he church eating known 0. principalluesy, Petit on (eindom and knowledge of God) and Me 1127 om ine father, ‘The main change {s,that “knowledge of Gene ie Mgnowiedge of the Godhead”, for Shubhalmarae cee oes at ie God as Trinity with whom we have to, do ows thet ft nerous briet allusions, such as where the “one There, ae Mors” is portrayed ae ashing he teeth and ce ae drwith impotent rage, linking hostility to God and elde eipogofteth of hove in the parables of those excluded, the gash ofa. Tn the (eh section there $s an allusion toSS 18. re wane ‘thousand shall fall beside thee, an ten thousand at thy right hand”, Ps 91:7, in reference to the demonic and human supporters who join the party aud caravan of the one who is to petish. But there are some lengthy quotations, usually” with some slight ut sigoifcant changes to. make them more apt Inthe seventh section the parmge Is 5523 is expanded to ‘include angels and men, righteous and sioner, and. demons in heir dwellings make a ery of praise and thanksgiving, bowing the knee to the Lord. of praise and peaces and. the’ Pauline ‘qwotation of this ia Rom LIL end Phil 2400 is cited and expanded: “in heaven and under the earth. who. are the buried who ise”, and “very tongue that Jesus Messiah is Lord to the glory of God his lather” ‘What is lacking in these folios is the frequent happy ture of phrase which can be expected. in Shublalmaran, ‘Thete are limpses, and some have been indiented His overall purpose Is ‘ot narrative invention of the clash between Satan and Jesus, fF the ‘stages of the Christina lf, As he says, he has “from ‘uch produced tte”, ‘The background of the time, to the catlierdessription of which ean beaded the notabte and lengthy atbreak of bubonie plague from 540 until at least $70, "and sstthauakes of that period as. well, s most naturally described Jn the scriptural tanguage- of apocalyptic discourse, Litle Imaginative iongusge is needed beyond, and that ik found in such Phrases of the advetsary’s contemporary activity as. summoning ‘up “contradictory heresies”, “constructing a peace agreeable te ecetfal nations", “commanding sensual pleasures with promises of resurrection” but making no demands for shekel or poll tax Hence litle more can be sald, other than of the certainty fhe final overthrow of “the one marked for perdition”, for the foltment of the promise that "the good have lite by hie death, fd. ate'mnde perfet by his resurrection”, for we. are “made tn Wi goodaess and porfected while stil in our engratefatness” For Ut ie he ‘union of Jesus with homaaty, and his sonship: to. the Father that guarantees ‘our waleome. ‘To. quote his fal words {ete is good hope for those who repent, O fover of sinners, 3 pent, O lover of le me with your holy ones in the day ‘of in the day of your power” and ath and T wills your merey: O Lord praise to" you Sr HN; siomAAEAtARAN ND as Tie Botogapiy ‘Shubhalmaran’s Book of Gitts: Lane, Dv, Mar Sabhaimarns ook of its an eae of a Syriac Literary genre”, OCA 200, PP L1-A1 ‘A Nestorian Creed: the erced of Subhelmaran,” OCA 296, 155-162 ye work of Subhalmarau”, The Harp vo ¥, 902, pp 175-183 ener Asmussen, JP. “Christians fa tran”, in The Cambridge History ‘ot iran f1l.2, ed E. Yershater, Brown, Peter, The World of Late Antiquity, London 1971 covistonen, Au Lean sous les Sass, Cooeninge Pais ‘me, Fey, FM, deus par ane HTS de PEE on Tag, taal 0 yes RNa he Hevags of Poa, London 196 Laur, Joba Chistinime dans empire i ‘dynastie Sassanide Paris 1904. Palmer, Ax ed ‘The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian CChroaicles, Liverpool 1903. Sykes, P,A History of Persia, Sed Ea London 1909) ‘Tisserant, Ey “L'Egtise “Taeotogie Catholique. foung, William G., Patriarch, Shak and Caliph, Rawalpindi a7 Nestorieune,” In Dictionnaire de150 rae waar St, Ephrem’s tym to Christ, the great Phystcan Kindest Lord, who weatiest thyself with the world to make it all one healthy body, in thy pity, Lord, do not spun [this] one miserable member May it be made fest, Lord, in the body of the saints ‘and fixed among them for ever: Thou who in thy kindness didst fx again ‘the ear tht was eut off, fut me not off from thee, ‘hough I have angered thee! (°Sombots ... Page 93) St Epirem’s hymn Agatest the Heresies [As the ldle vineyard didnot receive the Lord of the vineyard, the Bearer of blessings, ho will not be amazed, that ‘the Lord of the vineyard "has again given {rut to the accursed vineyard? Not ely di tf oie fats to the Hei with the fruits that t aid bring, it angered him. He uprooted it, to graft it smong the Gentle, into the sweet plant. of the Gentle: One, CSumtats .. Page 100) St Ephtem’s Hymn On the Nativity ‘he vinedresters came and rendered praise {othe shost tht prong oat of the oot and sock af Sete the virgin’ lurer of the dy pant May we bevels for thy new ine hat make el things new! (Sumbale .. Page 102) ‘Tae Hany Vol. VINE, IX, July 1995 ~ 1996, pp. 151-199 Rev, De. Paatcker™ The Book of Treasures by Mar Job of Edessa Most of the studies on Syrise language and literature is restricted to the Biblical, Palrstie, and_theologieal which Includes Syriae poetry works, But in Syriac considerable literature tists, in the Oeld of Philosophy, Medicine and. Science, mostly th Syriac translations of Greek Philosophers especially of Aristotle, find the ‘works of Hippocrates, ad Galen In the Beld of medicine, Knowledge of Greek Philosophy reached the medieval west by way of Arabie. But Greek Philosophy, medicine and Science Tenched the Arab world by way of Syst. "Syrite translations Ut the works of Avistolle and others go back (othe fifth century, but it was through the work of Syeise Christians working at Baghdad, the Abbased capital, nthe 9th centory that this process of transmission actually took place “(Sebastian Brock, Jn introduction to Syriac. studies” in Joho. Eaton's Horizon in Snite Sluis) Job of dessa is one of these Syrine waiters tvho belonged to the company of Syriac Christians teaching, at Baghdad, He was called Ayyub ar-Rulai by Arab writers. He ‘was born in Edesea, possibly about 760 A. D. ‘Bar Hebratus speaks of Job in the following terms “And in the time (of Timothy D lived Job of Edessa, « Phitosopher who followed the doctrine of the Nestorius” (Chris Bech 1, 181), ‘We have sto présieInformation 4s to the Wate of out author’ death, but we may presime that he did not survive Toe @.Panker was formerly the Prinpal of Ma Ilos Colles, Tee Resin snd ie Recor of the Fool Seoanty at vay. He now The eon of aie of SEER Katayam.