Literature (Inter national)

Profits, Commercial Food Supplier Involvement, and School Vending Machine Snack Food Availability:
Implications for Implementing the New Competitive Foods Rule

Terry-McElrath, Yvonne M.; Hood, Nancy E.; Colabianchi, Natalie; O'Malley, Patrick M.; Johnston, Lloyd
D.

Journal of School Health, v84 n7 p451-458 Jul 2014

Background: The 2013-2014 school year involved preparation for implementing the new US Department
of Agriculture (USDA) competitive foods nutrition standards. An awareness of associations between
commercial supplier involvement, food vending practices, and food vending item availability may assist
schools in preparing for the new standards. Methods: Analyses used 2007-2012 questionnaire data from
administrators of 814 middle and 801 high schools in the nationally representative Youth, Education,
and Society study to examine prevalence of profit from and commercial involvement with vending
machine food sales, and associations between such measures and food availability. Results: Profits for
the "school district" were associated with decreased low-nutrient, energy-dense (LNED) food availability
and increased fruit/vegetable availability. Profits for the "school" and use of company suppliers were
associated with increased LNED availability; company suppliers also were associated with decreased
fruit/vegetable availability. Supplier "say" in vending food selection was associated with increased LNED
availability and decreased fruit/vegetable availability. Conclusions: Results support (1) increased district
involvement with school vending policies and practices, and (2) limited supplier "say" as to what items
are made available in student-accessed vending machines. Schools and districts should pay close
attention to which food items replace vending machine LNED foods following implementation of the
new nutrition standards.

Descriptors: Food, Educational Environment, Vendors, Health Promotion, Nutrition, Standards, High
Schools, Questionnaires, Middle Schools, School Districts, Correlation

Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-
388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: High Schools; Middle Schools

Audience: N/A

Language: English

Sponsor: N/A

Authoring Institution: N/A

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Availability of Vending Machines and School Stores in California Schools

Cisse-Egbuonye, Nafissatou; Liles, Sandy; Schmitz, Katharine E.; Kassem, Nada; Irvin, Veronica L.; Hovell,
Melbourne F.

Journal of School Health, v86 n1 p48-53 Jan 2016

Background: This study examined the availability of foods sold in vending machines and school stores in
United States public and private schools, and associations of availability with students' food purchases
and consumption. Methods: Descriptive analyses, chi-square tests, and Spearman product-moment
correlations were conducted on data collected from 521 students aged 8 to 15?years recruited from
orthodontic offices in California. Results: Vending machines were more common in private schools than
in public schools, whereas school stores were common in both private and public schools. The food
items most commonly available in both vending machines and school stores in all schools were
predominately foods of minimal nutritional value (FMNV). Participant report of availability of food items
in vending machines and/or school stores was significantly correlated with (1) participant purchase of
each item from those sources, except for energy drinks, milk, fruits, and vegetables; and (2) participants'
friends' consumption of items at lunch, for 2 categories of FMNV (candy, cookies, or cake; soda or sports
drinks). Conclusions: Despite the Child Nutrition and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Reauthorization Act of 2004, FMNV were still available in schools, and may be contributing to unhealthy
dietary choices and ultimately to health risks.

Descriptors: Public Schools, Private Schools, Equipment, Retailing, Statistical Analysis, Correlation,
Students, Children, Adolescents

Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-
388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: N/A

Audience: N/A

Language: English

Sponsor: N/A

Authoring Institution: N/A

Identifiers - Location: California

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School Vending Machine Purchasing Behavior: Results from the 2005 YouthStyles Survey

Thompson, Olivia M.; Yaroch, Amy L.; Moser, Richard P.; Rutten, Lila J. Finney; Agurs-Collins, Tanya

Journal of School Health, v80 n5 p225-232 May 2010

Background: Competitive foods are often available in school vending machines. Providing youth with
access to school vending machines, and thus competitive foods, is of concern, considering the continued
high prevalence of childhood obesity: competitive foods tend to be energy dense and nutrient poor and
can contribute to increased energy intake in children and adolescents. Methods: To evaluate the
relationship between school vending machine purchasing behavior and school vending machine access
and individual-level dietary characteristics, we used population-level YouthStyles 2005 survey data to
compare nutrition-related policy and behavioral characteristics by the number of weekly vending
machine purchases made by public school children and adolescents (N = 869). Odds ratios (ORs) and
corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted
logistic regression models that were weighted on age and sex of child, annual household income, head
of household age, and race/ethnicity of the adult in study. Data were collected in 2005 and analyzed in
2008. Results: Compared to participants who did not purchase from a vending machine, participants
who purchased [greater than or equal to] 3 days/week were more likely to (1) have unrestricted access
to a school vending machine (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.13-2.59); (2) consume regular soda and chocolate
candy [greater than or equal to] 1 time/day (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.87-5.51 and OR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.34-
5.46, respectively); and (3) purchase pizza or fried foods from a school cafeteria [greater than or equal
to] 1 day/week (OR = 5.05; 95% CI = 3.10-8.22). Conclusions: Future studies are needed to establish the
contribution that the school-nutrition environment makes on overall youth dietary intake behavior,
paying special attention to health disparities between whites and nonwhites. (Contains 4 tables.)

Descriptors: Ethnicity, Obesity, Income, Nutrition, Purchasing, Adolescents, Food, Eating Habits,
Educational Environment, Surveys, Incidence, Racial Differences, Regression (Statistics), Comparative
Analysis, Family Income, Health Behavior

Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-
388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education

Audience: N/A

Language: English

Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A

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Impact of the HEALTHY Study on Vending Machine Offerings in Middle Schools

Hartstein, Jill; Cullen, Karen W.; Virus, Amy; El Ghormli, Laure; Volpe, Stella L.; Staten, Myrlene A.;
Bridgman, Jessica C.; Stadler, Diane D.; Gillis, Bonnie; McCormick, Sarah B.; Mobley, Connie C.

Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, v35 n2 Fall 2011

Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the impact of the three-year middle school-
based HEALTHY study on intervention school vending machine offerings. There were two goals for the
vending machines: serve only dessert/snack foods with 200 kilocalories or less per single serving
package, and eliminate 100% fruit juice and beverages with added sugar. Methods: Six schools in each of
seven cities (Houston, TX, San Antonio, TX, Irvine, CA, Portland, OR, Pittsburgh, PA, Philadelphia, PA, and
Chapel Hill, NC) were randomized into intervention (n = 21 schools) or control (n = 21 schools) groups,
with three intervention and three control schools per city. All items in vending machine slots were
tallied twice in the fall of 2006 for baseline data and twice at the end of the study, in 2009. The
percentage of total slots for each food/beverage category was calculated and compared between
intervention and control schools at the end of study, using the Pearson chi-square test statistic. Results:
At baseline, 15 intervention and 15 control schools had beverage and/or snack vending machines,
compared with 11 intervention and 11 control schools at the end of the study. At the end of study, all of
the intervention schools with beverage vending machines, but only one out of the nine control schools,
met the beverage goal. The snack goal was met by all of the intervention schools and only one of the
four control schools with snack vending machines. Applications to Child Nutrition Professionals: The
HEALTHY study's vending machine beverage and snack goals were successfully achieved in intervention
schools, reducing access to less healthy food items outside the school meals program. Although the
effect of these changes on student diet, energy balance and growth is unknown, these results suggest
that healthier options for snacks can successfully be offered in school vending machines. (Contains 3
tables.)

Descriptors: Middle Schools, Intervention, Nutrition, Eating Habits, Program Effectiveness, Control
Groups, Statistical Analysis, Secondary Schools, Public Schools, Data Analysis

School Nutrition Association. 120 Waterfront Street Suite 300, National Harbor, MD 20745. Tel: 301-686-
3100; Fax: 301-686-3115; e-mail: servicecenter@schoolnutrition.org; Web site:
http://schoolnutrition.org

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: Middle Schools; Secondary Education

Audience: N/A
Language: English

Sponsor: N/A

Authoring Institution: N/A

Identifiers - Location: California; North Carolina; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Texas

Facebook TwitterDepartment of EducationInstitute of Education Statistics

Promoting the Purchase of Low-Calorie Foods from School Vending Machines: A Cluster-Randomized
Controlled Study

Kocken, Paul L.; Eeuwijk, Jennifer; van Kesteren, Nicole M.C.; Dusseldorp, Elise; Buijs, Goof; Bassa-
Dafesh, Zeina; Snel, Jeltje

Journal of School Health, v82 n3 p115-122 Mar 2012

Background: Vending machines account for food sales and revenue in schools. We examined 3 strategies
for promoting the sale of lower-calorie food products from vending machines in high schools in the
Netherlands. Methods: A school-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in 13 experimental
schools and 15 control schools. Three strategies were tested within each experimental school: increasing
the availability of lower-calorie products in vending machines, labeling products, and reducing the price
of lower-calorie products. The experimental schools introduced the strategies in 3 consecutive phases,
with phase 3 incorporating all 3 strategies. The control schools remained the same. The sales volumes
from the vending machines were registered. Products were grouped into: (1) extra foods containing
empty calories, for example, candies and potato chips; (2) nutrient-rich basic foods; and (3) beverages.
They were also divided into favorable, moderately unfavorable, and unfavorable products. Results: Total
sales volumes for experimental and control schools did not differ significantly for the extra and beverage
products. Proportionally, the higher availability of lower-calorie extra products in the experimental
schools led to higher sales of moderately unfavorable extra products than in the control schools, and to
higher sales of favorable extra products in experimental schools where students have to stay during
breaks. Together, availability, labeling, and price reduction raised the proportional sales of favorable
beverages. Conclusion: Results indicate that when the availability of lower-calorie foods is increased and
is also combined with labeling and reduced prices, students make healthier choices without buying more
or fewer products from school vending machines. Changes to school vending machines help to create a
healthy school environment. (Contains 3 tables.)

Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Equipment, Retailing, Nutrition, Costs, Merchandise Information,

Educational Environment, Health Behavior, Health Promotion, Intervention, Statistical Analysis, Obesity,
Control Groups, Experimental Groups
Wiley-Blackwell. 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148. Tel: 800-835-6770; Tel: 781-388-8598; Fax: 781-
388-8232; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/

Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research

Education Level: High Schools; Secondary Education

Audience: N/A

Language: English

Sponsor: N/A

Authoring Institution: N/A

Identifiers - Location: Netherlands

Literature (Local)

Regulation of coin-operated vending machines pushed

By Garry B. Lao/WAB | Updated May 22, 2011 - 12:00am

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CEBU, Philippines - Association of Barangay Councils president and Cebu City Council ex-officio member
Michael Ralota wants the proliferation of coin-operated vending machines and dispensers on the
sidewalk and streets of the city regulated.

Ralota, barangay captain of T. Padilla, expressed concern on the health of the public and said there
should be protective actions to regulate the sale, storage and distribution of “potentially hazardous or
contaminated consumer products.”

Once it is approved, Ralota said the proposed measure will be known as Vending Machine Ordinance of
the city.

Under the proposed ordinance, coin-operated water vending machines will not be installed anywhere in
the streets or even sidewalks without the firm or entity securing and all paying necessary clearances,
permit and fees that outlined in the sanitary code of the city.

It also says that any person, firm or entity who is engaged or intends to engage in the business shall first
secure a clearance certification from the barangay where he intends to operate.

They also have to get a business permit from the City Treasurer’s Office, Ralota said.

Freeman ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch:

If it is approved, the vending machine shall be affixed with official sticker issued by the treasury
department.

According to Ralota, the vending machines shall be provided with product releasing and dispensing
system that is in compliance with prescribed industry standard and in a manner that efficiently prevents
the collection of drip, spillage, damage and overflow.

If the machines are in the sidewalk, Ralota said the sanitary and safety requirements shall also be
complied.

Among the requirements – there shall be a functionally retractable and transparent of the processed
drinking water dispenser unit and that the cover should be transparent. Each of the vending machine
must also have garbage receptacles placed near them.

Under Section 9 of the proposed ordinance, the City Health Department is authorized to inspect and
conduct random inspections.

The water dispenser that will be found defective will be sealed and issuance of notice of closure or
confiscation will be done.

Ralota also said that owners or operators must also display their identification including their contact
number.

In order that there will be no shortage of coin circulation, Ralota said that the owners shall retrieve the
coins from their machines daily.

The Cebu Bankers Club (CBC) earlier sought the help of the local government and other agencies to
encourage the public to flush out coins, especially those long kept in coin-operated machines.

Under the prohibited acts, it is unlawful to operate a machine without a coin change slot compartment.
Violators will face a fine of P2,000 for first offense and P3,000 for the second offense.

Ralota said violators who will be found violating for the third time will be fined P5,000 and an
imprisonment of not exceeding one year. (FREEMAN)

Vending Business: Profitable Business in the Philippines

By TJ FigueroaIn No comments

Vending is one form of business that requires little time management and maintenance.It does not
require an employee that will manage it everyday. This business is a good source of residual income,
where you can earn money while you sleep. It has also the possibility of getting money to your pocket
24/7.

Vending, like other businesses is not an easy success. To make it a profitable business in the Philippines,
it still requires careful studying of the location, potential market, and also the concentration of people in
the area. Here are some of the vending machines you might get interested on investing into.

Coffee Vending Machines

A lot of people drink coffee everyday. Some drink from twice to several times a day. With the increased
population of night-shift workers, a coffee vending machine placed inside a commercial building or
establishment can serve these workers day in and day out, 24/7 and no commercial break.

One of the popular coffee vending companies is Barista Choi, which started doing its coffee vending
franchising in 2012. They offer the machine itself and the supplies (coffee, sugar, cup) at a minimum
investment of around 12,800 PhP. They have no franchise fee and the supplies for replenishment are
bought from them.
5A3023B8-1333-42E1-85C6-E9B86C546327

Each cup is sold for 5 pesos. Excluding the costs (supplies and electricity), each cup gives a profit of 2.15
pesos. The monthly profit depends on how many cups are sold per day. If you can sell 100 cups per day
for a month, the return of investment is only 2 months.

The maintenance for these kinds of machines is from medium to high because of the fact that they
require electricity to operate.

Hygiene Vending Machines

Random calls of nature can occur in any part of the day. What if you get your call in a public place where
toilet tissues, a pail of water and your lovely “tabo” are not with you? Good thing is there are vending
machines that offer tissues and other toiletries 24/7.

One company that offers this service is the Vendo Corporation. They manufacture mechanical vending
machines that dispense tissues, sanitary napkins, wet wipes, and panty liners. You may have seen and
used one of their machines at major establishments such as malls and other commercial buildings.

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Vendo Corp offers three ways to operate their machines. The first way is they will be the one to operate
on your establishment for free and they will be the one to do the refilling of supplies. The second is you
can rent the machine for free and you are required to purchase supplies from them on a yearly basis and
you will do the refilling. Lastly is you can purchase your own machine, choose where to get the supplies
and do the refills.

These machines have little maintenance because they do not require electricity to operate. You only
have to regularly refill their stocks to ensure they are available 24/7 to costumers.
Snacks and Beverage Vending Machines

Need to quench your thirst or have a light snack? These machines will surely be convenient to you. They
are very easy to use and are more suitable for people who don’t prefer going out and lining up inside
supermarkets just to buy 1 or 2 products. These will benefit people who need quick refreshments on
their busy schedules.

One company that offers snack and beverage machines is the Express Vending. They offer a wide variety
of snack and drink items. Customers can choose from 16 different snacks, 2 kinds of bottle refreshments
and 4 kinds of canned drinks. The parts are all fully automated.

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A little investment is required to acquire the machine. Express Vending offers longer-payment scheme
that will give the buyers more financial flexibility.

The company also offers a 1 year full service maintenance warranty. It includes 1 year for parts and
service, a stand-by service unit for immediate parts replacement, and a 48-hour response time. The
refrigerator has a low power consumption system.

Loading Vending Machines

Need to call on an important matter but your prepaid credits have run out? These vending machines are
in the right place at the right time for you! They are convenient and safe because all are automated.
They accept paper bills and coins as well.

Mindmap Commtech Inc. is a company that distributes these kinds of machines. They are easy to use
and they offer prepaid credits not only to mobile phone users but also for e-games, broadband service,
cable TV service, landline service, and music as well.
brochure

The minimum investment is around 10,000 PhP, which includes the franchise fee (5,000 PhP) and the
initial load balance (5,000). The return of investment is from 4-5 months depending on the monthly
sales. You get a minimum of 4% profit on cell phone load and 3% profit on other services.

The machines have low consumption of only around 12 KwH every month. It has built in security system
with alarm and motion sensor to prevent vandalism and theft. Remittance of load and commission
monthly is fully automated. The franchisee will just collect the cash generated by the machine and
deposit the collection to the company, which then replenishes the balance of the machine.

http://franchisemanila.com/2015/10/vending-business-profitable-business-in-the-philippines/