3M Innovation for Safer Transportation

Making Road Safer: Through Signage &Traffic

Control Devices
Agenda
• Introduction
• Fundamentals of Retro Reflective Technology
• IRC 67 : 2012 – Code of Practice for Road Signs
• IRC 35 – Code of Practice for Road Markings
• Products and Solutions
• New and Smart Components
• Reflectivity & Product Demonstration

2
Company overview

Global Sales: Subsidiaries in Sales in nearly 89,000+ 108,030 patents:

$30.1 Billion 70 Countries 200 Countries employees 3,128 global patents
awarded in 2015 `
Since
1902
International sales: Net income: R&D investment: Products

$18.2 Billion $4.8 Billion $1.8 Billion 60,000+

(60% of company total)

3
3M in India : 30 years of innovation
Headquarter

Branch Offices
Established in
1987 Innovation Center

Manufacturing

Gurgaon
1600+ employees
110+ R&D Professionals
6 Branch Ahmedabad Kolkata

Offices &
4 Mumbai

Manufacturing Pune

Hyderabad
facilities
Bengaluru Chennai
INR 2120 crore
sales turnover for 3M India
Limited as of March 31,
2016

4
Indian Road Network
 Indian Road Scenario State
Country
USA
Total Road Length (km)
6,370,031
Highways India 5,475,144
National Highways Brazil 1,980,000
China 1,400,000
Major District Japan 1,152,207
Russia 952,000
Roads Australia 913,000
Canada 901,902
France 892,900
Italy 668669

Rural & Other Roads

■ Expressways 1455
■ National Highways 99500
Population: 1,300,938,000
Approx 1300 million ■ State Highways 167109
■ Major District Roads 1101178
CAGR 10% ■ Rural & Other Roads 4105866

Total Length (km) 5.4 Million

Road Length : 5.4Million km

Registered Vehicles : (2nd largest in the world)
210 Million

Indian Road Network is highly Overburdened due to low road density & high vehicle population!
Accident Scenario in India Fact file :
1 Accident / min
17 Death / hour
413 death/Day-Equivalent to one air crash
Estimates in 2016:

Registered • 4,80,652 Accidents

Vehicles 4,94,624 Injured
1,50,785 Road deaths
Loss of productivity, Collateral Damage, Legal
Expenses: 2% of GDP ~ $ 20 Bn

Major Causes for Accidents on Indian Roads:

- Poor road conditions
Road - Untrained Drivers
Deaths - Negligence
- Fatigue
- Lack of Proper Guidance and Warning System
- Poor visibility of vehicles
- Speed
- Drunken Driving

Road crash deaths has been increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017 and that of fatal road crashes have increased by 25.6% in the same period.
Accident Scenario in India on Various Category of Road

Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH

 Road Accidents
Top* 13 States: Share in Total Number of Road
Accidents (in %) during the calendar year 2016.

Share of 13 States 86.5 4,15,734

1. Tamil Nadu 14.9 71,431
2. Madhya Pradesh 11.2 53,972
3. Karnataka 9.2 44,403
4.Maharastra 8.3 39,878
5. Kerala 8.2 39,420
6. Uttar Pradesh 7.4 35,612
7. Andhra Pradesh 5.2 24,888
8. Rajasthan 4.8 23,066
9. Telangana 4.7 22,811
10. Gujarat 4.5 21,859
11. Chattisgarh 2.8 13,580
12. West Bengal 2.8 13,500
13.Haryana 2.3 11,234

Road Safety is a growing Concern-for-All !

Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH
Most Productive Age Group Persons are Killed in Road
Accidents

Gender
Female,
25507,
17%

Male,
120626,
83%

Age Group: 15-45 Year – 75% people are Killed in Road Accident

Source: Road Accidents in India -2016 by MoRTH

IRC 67 – Code of Practice for Road Signs

Traffic Signs
Purpose:
- To promote highway safety and efficiency

- Orderly movement of all road users on streets and highways

- No advertising message or any other message that is not

related to traffic control.
Traffic Signs
Principles of traffic signs and markings:

• Fulfill a need;
• Command attention;
• Convey a clear, simple meaning;
• Command respect from road users; and
• Give adequate time for proper response.

Traffic Signs and Road Markings MUST BE the primary, and sole , means of communication
between Road System and Road User for efficient navigation
How Retro-reflection guides us on roads…..
 Day vs. Night

Because what you see Is not always what you

during the day get at night !

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 Types of Reflection

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 Glass Bead Technology ( 1930’s )

Glass Beads

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 Micro Prismatic Technology (1970’s)

Highly Efficient
Cube - Corners

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 Observation Angle : Truck vs. Car

Observation Angle for Trucks is higher than Cars

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 Observation Angles : Overhead Sign Approach
Legibility Distance Legibility Distance Visibility Distance

175 ft 350ft 750ft

(53m) (107m) (230m)
Delhi

2.25o 1.0o 0.50o

Delhi

1.0o 0.50o 0.20o

Large trucks have at least twice observation angle as

sedans
 Entrance Angle

Entrance Angle ()

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 The Needs of The Older Driver
20 Year Old

33 Year Old 46 Year Old

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 Optical Efficiency

Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies

Type XI Sheeting
60 58
50

40 Class-A
Class B - Type3
% 30 32
Class B - Type4
20 Class C - Type-11
14
10
8
0
Reflective Sheeting Efficiencies

Type XI : Best Suited for all Types of Roads

Indian National Standards
MORTH & IRC Signage Standards

• Code of Practice for Road Signs ( IRC 67:2012 )

• Code of Practice for Road Marking ( IRC 35 – 2015)
• Guidelines on Traffic Management in Work Zone ( IRC 55: 2014)
• MORTH 2013 – Specifications for Roads and Bridge work
• Guidelines for road signage under PMGSY

IRC 67-2012 IRC 35-2015 IRC 55-2014 MORTH PMGSY Signage

Guidelines
Classification of Road Sign

1. Mandatory / Regulatory Signs

2. Cautionary / Warning Signs

3. Informatory / Guide Signs

Siting of Signs with respect to the Carriageway IRC:67-2012 ‘Code of Practice for Road Signs’

➢ Left hand side of the road

➢ In Hill Roads - on valley side

➢ 1.8 m to 9 m lateral clearance (Gantry mounted)

➢ 5.5 m vertical clearance for overhead signs

➢ 2.1 to 2.5 m headroom clearance for the shoulder mounted signs

 Sitting of signage with respect to the carriageway

Minimum Desirable (mm) Maximum(

(mm) mm)

A 600 1000 2500

B 1000 2000 3000
C 300 600 1000
D 2000 2000 2500
E 2100 2100 2500
F 5500 6000 6500
G 750
H 5000
I 5000 7000 9000
j 1800 2000 2500
Size of the Letter for signage:
Addition of new Substrate for Road Signs
IRC - 67

Sign without Facia : Vandalism

 IRC 67- 2012 : Types of Sheeting

Type I : Engineer Grade - Enclosed Lens

Glass
Class A
Type II : Super Engineer Gr. - Enclosed Lens
Bead
Tech. Type III : High Intensity - Encapsulated Lens
Class B
Type IV : High Intensity Prismatic - Prismatic
Type V : Delineators - Metalized Prismatic
Delineation
Type VI : Temporary Roll Ups - Prismatic
Prismatic
Tech.
Type VIII : Prismatic
Type IX : Micro-Prismatic Class C
Type XI : Micro-Prismatic
Suggested Guidelines for Usage of Retro-Reflective Sheeting
[ As per IRC 67-2012 ]

Class of Type of Category of Road

Sheeting Sheeting National / Major District Rural roads Urban / City Expressway
(ASTM D State Roads (MDR) Roads
4956)
(VR & ODR)
Highway
Class A Type I No Yes Yes No No
Type II No Yes Yes No No

Class B Type III Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Type IV Yes Yes Yes Yes No

Class C Type VIII Yes No No Yes Yes

Type IX Yes No No Yes Yes
Type XI Yes No No Yes Yes
 Type XI : Prismatic Grade Sheeting ( Class C)

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 IRC - 67 Mandatory Test Certificates
Liner removal & Impact resistance
Adhesion & Specular gloss

Shrinkage & Day time Color &

Flexibility luminance

Coefficient of
Fungus resistance
Retro-reflection

Three year outdoor

weathering

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 IRC - 67 Colour Pattern for Direction Information Signs

Green Background : NH, SH & MDR

Blue Background : Expressways & Urban Road

White Background : ODR & Village Road

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Mandatory / Regulatory Sign
Classified Under Following Sub-heads i) STOP and GIVE WAY signs ( Right of way signs )

ii) Prohibitory signs

iii) No Parking and No Stopping signs

iv) Speed Limit & Vehicle Control signs

v) Restriction Ends sign

vi) Compulsory Direction Control

IRC - 67
Size & Dimension : Mandatory / Regulatory Signs

Mandatory Sign ( mm )
Regulatory
Design Speed Size Sign
( mm )
Dia Border Oblique Bar Font
Size

Up to 65
Small
kmph 600 600 50 50 100

66 – 80
Medium 750 750 60 60 125
kmph

81 – 100
Normal 900 900 75 75 150
kmph

> 100 kmph Large 1200 1200 100 100 225

IRC - 67
Cautionary/ Warning Signs

▪ Triangular in shape
Left Hand Curve Merging Traffic Ahead
▪ red border and black symbol in white background

▪ caution & alert the road user to potential danger or hazardous condition

▪ Hairpin Bend, Narrow Bridge, Gap in Median, School Ahead

Left Reverse Bend Pedestrian Crossing

Gap-in Median Men at Work Rumble Strip Airport

IRC - 67 Size & Siting Distances : Cautionary Sign

Distance of
Clear Visibility
Side Border Sign from
Design Speed Size Distances
( mm ) ( mm ) hazard
(m)
(m)

Up to 50 kmph Small 600 45 45 45

51 – 65 kmph Medium 750 60 60 45 - 110

66 – 80 kmph Normal 900 70 60 110 -180

> 80 Kmph Large 1200 90 90 180 -245

IRC - 67 Informatory Signs
Sample of Advance Direction Sign Design As Per IRC

Design Speed – 66-80kmph

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Spacing of Single Chevron Signs
Distance Between Single Chevron ( m )
Curve Radius ( m )

On Curve Before Curve

50 15 30

100 20 40

200 30 60

300 45 90

400 60 120

500 70 140

> 500 80 150

 Hazard Marker

Object Hazard ( Left ) Object Hazard ( Right ) Two Way Hazard Marker
 Facility Information Sign

Eating Place Resting Place First Aid Post Filling Station

Public Telephone Police Station Toilet Hospital

 Route Marker Signs

Asian Highway Expressway National Highway State Highway

Maintenance of Signs
➢Maintenance schedule : Prior to installing any road sign

➢Reference number : Backside of the sign

➢Inspection of sign at least twice a year both in day and

night

➢Damaged signs shall be replaced immediately.

➢Signs should be cleaned at periodic intervals

➢Inclusion of replacement clause : At the end of

warranty period.
 Technical Advisory

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 Technical Advisory

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 IRC 67 – Revision of MORTH Standards
IRC: 67 2001 & MORTH 4th
SUBJECT REVISION IRC: 67 : 2012 & MORTH 5th REVISION
Recomends both Al & ACP
2mm AL for all boards.
3mm up to sign size of 600mm & 4mm for all
SUBSTRATE FOR ROAD SIGNS 2mm Al other signs

Type III & Type IV Retro Reflective All types of sheeting included. Class C Sheeting
TYPE OF SHEETING Sheeting. Recommending Type XI too included.
Font Size recommended based on the design
LETTER / FONT SIZE No recommendation. speed of the road.
Blue Color Signs for all Urban areas & Green
COLOR OF SIGNS No recommendation. Color Signs for NH & SH roads.
Emphasis on maintenance schedule &
MAINTENANCE OF SIGNS No recommendation. replacement clause included.
Detailed Specification along with the placement
for Road Studs included in the MORTH 5th
REFLECTIVE ROAD STUDS Not included in the Orange book. Revision.
Separate Chapter on TA giving placement of
TECHNICAL ADVISORY No Chapter in IRC:67:2001 signs included in IRC:67:2012.