‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND Column 1 [2 3 ign 437) ‘(4 3 6 Frequency A Original Band | Final Band Final Band Gay | FFF | IZ admittances | admittances | impedances “EZ” f "| por Figure 115 “EA” Figure 115 band “DA” | Figure 115 Z, = 893972, Col. (3 +4) 6.00 098 ¥ = 10+ 110 | F = 110+ 017] Z, =089— 70.137 608 0 =100- 7050] %=100- 7050] Z, = 080+ jo.0 608 jours [7095 ¥, =070- 7073) % =0.70+ 020) Z,=132- j0378 ‘The final schematic is shown in Figure 116, —— > 0.3752 fromthe | 10.1082 from first stub the load Load Z band 10.4595. Figure 116 Example 26 Final schematic diagram 4.4.1.6.2. Triple Stub matching Section 3.1.3.2.3 considered the case if the triple stub in matching a single frequency to the centre of the Smith chart In this seetion, the emphasis will be placed on determining the value of the VSWR circle that a band of frequencies lies within, when the centre of the band is matched to the centre ofthe ‘Smith chart using the single frequency triple stub matching. ‘The triple stub may be employed over the double stub, to ensure matching ean occur forall impedances which may be encountered, as discussed in section 3.1.3.2.3, Similar to the double stub, atthe higher microwave frequencies due to the small ‘wavelengths involved, the distance between the stubs may be fixed at 0.375%. Figure 117 shows a schematic of the triple stub with the 0.3752. fixed separation between the stubs, and the variable distance x2. of the first stub from the impedance band of frequencies. D cB A 4 0.3752 from |1-0.375% from | Hx from the load |} the second stub the frst tub i Load J band Figure 117 “ Schematic of triple stub ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 178‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND EXAMPLE 27 Given the following normalized mismatched load measured impedance points below, design a shunt triple-stub tuner to match the band so that it lies in a VSWR circle less or equal to 1.7, Determine the ‘maximum value of the VSWR which results from the VSWR circle which encloses the band. The distance between the stubs is to be 0.375, and the distance from the load of the first stub is to be 0.250%. Frequency (GH) ‘Normalized impedance 6.00 0534-1414 6.04 0S17- fll 6.08 Z, = 0476 - j0.950 SOLUTION ‘The measured impedance points and admittance are plotted on Figure 118 as band “AZ” and “AA”, PARTI ‘This part will determine the admittance band tothe first stub, and will determine the value of the length of the first stub. From the table of frequencies given in the Example 27, the band centre frequency is found to be, So = NTF = 6005608 = 6.04 MHz By rotating the load admittance 345 + 0.740 clockwise though a distance of 0.2502, plot the resulting nomalized Lond admitanee Y,, shown in Figure 118, 0.517 = 1.11 , on the Smith chart at point A, as = L Draw a forbidden region circle from equation 3-12, that is @ » where dis the distance Sin Ody between the stubs, which is 0.375%. This gives G > 2 Conversion of load impedance to load admittance Frequency | Normalized load Normalized load (GHz) | impedance admittance band AA”, Figure 118 6.00 Z, =0534—jl4l4 ¥, = 0234+ j0.619 6.04 Z, =0S17- fll F, = 0.345 + j0.740 6.08 Z, = 0.476 - j0.950 | ¥, = 0.422+ j0841 ‘The movement of the outer band frequencies do not move by 0.2502. as does the 6.04 GHz band cent frequency, but by an amount dependent on their frequency, as determined by equation 4-34, f oF, 6.04 = 0,.250— fi (434) hy, ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 179‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND. 0.107 4 So ‘its Original admittance ON band "AA A |-+2 Rotated forbidden _-Tegion 0.3752 cow — AEE ~ Admittance ban PL ABA” after rotation vw 0.2502, of “AA” | Sel a eH a0375R Pop ee 0.397 Figure 118 Example 27 - Part 1 - Distance from the load of first stub and first stub length ‘Movement of band “AA” by 0.25) line between load and first short-circuit stub to band “BA”, Figure 118, Freq. ] Admittance points of | Line length] Original | Final ‘Admittance band (GH2) | band “AA”, a position | position —_| “BA” after rotation Figure 118 (caleulated) | () on Smith | (2) on Figure 118 chart Smith chart | 600 | 0234+ j0619| 02517 0.0905 0322 | 7 =0S3~ lad | 6.04 | ¥ = 0345+ 0.740] 0.2500 0.107 0357 | ¥ =0517-jlll | 6.08 | ¥, = 0422+ j0841 | 02484 O19 0367 149 — 70.98 ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND — 180‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND ‘The admitances ofband “BA”, shown on Figure 118, are determined by drawing a circle through each ofthe admittance points of band “AA” so that each individual circle imersects its final distance position line extended from the centre ofthe Smith chart its wavelength postion onthe edge ofthe chart. In onder to prevent cluttering. these circles are not shown on Figure 118 In order to rotate ant-clociwise the band “BA” completely out ofthe rotated forbidden region, a negative susceptance must beaded, The valuc of ths ssceptance is found from the emount of anti clockwise rotation ofthe 6.08 Gz admittance point required to place it outside ofthe rotated forbidden region. This value isthe diference between the final 6.08 GHz admittance point, Z°* = 049~ 1.50, inband “CA”, and its value in band “BA” ¥, = 049 j098, Thats, -0.52, This value determines the length of the first short circuit stub, which is from the Smith chart 0.1744. ‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances at the other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as, (434) 6.08 1.05792 fe Se “Movement of band “BA” by short-circuit stub to band “CA”, Figure 119. Freq. ] Equivalent Suseeptance | Susceptanc | Equivalent | Admittance band (GH2)| admittance points | wavelength | ¢ susceptance | “CA” after atband “BA”, | (4) (actual) | wavelength susceptance added Figure 118 yon Figure 19 Smith chart 600] % =053—j140 | OTT 0.4263 0300 | ¥ =053— 71.90 604] ¥ =0si7— just] 04175 0.4252 0510 | ¥, 0517 — Leal 6.08 | ¥, =0.49—jo98 | 01740 0.4240 19.520 | ¥ = 0.49- j150 PART2 ‘This part will determine the band “DA after the band “CA” has traversed 0.3752 along the transmission line, It wll also determine the length of the second stub. ‘The rotation of band “CA” clockwise through 0.375h to band “DA” is shown on Figure 119. Again each of the admittance points of band “CA” will rotate by different amounts according to ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 181‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND s Sees DS E0.37SR of CA” LKB ax BORROW BOY i region G>2 iets Cow rotated 0.375; vunity conductance ‘circle 6.08 5) Y ‘Admittance band | 5°98 ie \ region 0.3752 cow RESSR SBWQRKL ASS we > Figure 119 Example 27- wrt 2 - Distance from first stub and second stub length equation 4-34 . Choosing the 6.08 GHz. frequency admittance as the admittance point which rotates by 0.375A, as it is the critical admittance point, gives the following table for determining the band “DA”. te dy he 38) 6.08 2.28 0375p = ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND — 182‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND Movement of band “CA” by 0.375) transn jon line to band “DA”, Figure 119. Freq. | Equivalent ‘Admittance | Calculated | Final ‘Admittance band (GH) | admittance points | points of tance (2) | wavelength | “DA” at band “CA”, band “Ca” | toaddto | points) | Figure 119 Figure 119 wavelength | column 3 (0) (actual) 6.00 | ¥ =053- j1.90 0.323 0.38 0.203 ¥ = 110+ j2.70 6.04) ¥ = 0517 j1.621| 93325 03775 0210 | ¥ = 1.724 j2.92 308] % soa sso | O58 o3750 [0218 | =200- 300 The problem now becomes that of'a double stub. We want the centre frequency admittance point to rolate anticlockwise along is 1.72.conduetance cirele until it intersects the anticlockwise rotated unity conductance circle. From Figure 119, this ean be seen to be atthe admittance 1.72 -j0.38. The length cof the second stub isto be the difference in the final admittance and the centre frequency admittance in the band “DA”, that is the difference between Y, = 1.72 — j0.33 and ¥, = 1.72 + j2.92, which is - 48.25, whieh from the Smith chart gives a stub length of 0.0883, ‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances atthe other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as, , fo a (434) fe 6.04 0.28992 0.048 fe te ‘Movement of band “DA” by second short-circuit stub to band “EA”, Figure 119. Equivalent Susceptance | Susceptane | Equivalent | Admittance band admittance points | wavelength | susceptance | “EA” after at band “DA”, @) (actual) | wavelength suseeptance added Figure 118 Qyon Figure 19 Smith chart 001% 11047270 | 0088 0.2983 B20 | ¥ = 110-705 608] ¥, = 172+ j2.92 | OR 02980 BS | Y= 172 — 7033 608] ¥, =2.00— 7300 | 00477 02977 B30 | ¥, =2.00— 7030 PART3 ‘This part will determine the band “FA” after the band “EA” has traversed 0.3752 along the transmission line, It will also determine the length of the third stub, ‘The rotation of band “EA” clockwise through 0.3752. to band “FA is shown on Figure 120. Again cach of the admittance points of band “EA” will rotate by different amounts according to equation 4-34. Choosing the centre frequency admittance as the admittance point which rotates by 0.37 is to lie on the unity conductance circle, gives the following table for determining the band “DA”. 1 asit (434) ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 183‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS. MATCHING OVER A BAND. Movement of band “EA” by 0.375) transmission line to band “FA”, Figure 120. Freq. ] Equivalent ‘Admittance | Calculated | Final “Admittance band (GHz) | admittance points | points of istance (2) | wavelength | “FA” at band “EA”, band “EA” |toaddto — | points (i) | Figure 120 Figure 120 wavelength | column 3 0) (actual) 600) F = 110 jos 0347 O37 ORAS TF —0R6+ [068 604] ¥ = 172-7033 0278 O3750 ‘O18 TF = 100+ 7060 608] ¥ = 2.00 jo30 | 265 03725 01575 TF = 1604 j025 “e‘Admittance band SRA” after 03752 ‘Admittance band “GA” after third ‘stub rotates band “FAY cow SEA” after second stub rotates “DA” amare Se 0347 Figure 120 Example 27 - Part 3 - Distance from second stub and third stub length ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR. TOWNSEND 184‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS MATCHING OVER A BAND Finally, to determine the length of the third stub, the 6.08GHz frequency admittance point of band “FA” is rotated along the nity conductance circle until it is just below the real axis, so that the band is ‘balanced about the real axis. That is, a short-circuit stub of susceptance value -j0.3 is required at a frequency of 6.08 Gllz, From the Smith chart for a susceptance of -{0.3, a short-circuit stub of length 0.2042 is required, ‘The equivalent lengths of the admittances at the other frequencies are determined by equation 4-34 as, , fe h, oh (4-34) noe g “ 6.08 1.24032 = 0.204— a ‘Movement of band “FA” by third short-circuit stub to band “GA”, Figure 120. Equivalent Suseeptance | Susceptanc | Equivalent | Admittance band imittance points | wavelength | e susceptance | “GA” after at band “FA", @) (actual) | wavelength susceptance added Figure 120 (Q)on Figure 120 Smith chart 600 7 ose jos | 02067 0.4567 028 | F=08e+ 040 6.04) ¥ = 100+ j0.60 0.2054 0.4554 710.29 ¥, = 100+ j031 S08 TF =1604 j025 | 02040 0.4540 030 | =1.60— j005 TThe final VSWR is found to be approximately 1.6. Figure 121 shows the final circuit schematic. BandGA FA BandEA DA BandCA BA Band AA +] 0.375%, from |f=0.375A from 10.252 from the the second stub ‘the first stub Toad A | Load band Figure 121 Example 27 -Final schematie of triple stub ‘THE SMITH CHART AND ITS APPLICATIONS AAR.TOWNSEND 185