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Diction refers to the choice of words and style of expression that an author makes and uses in a work of literature.
expression that an author makes and uses in a work of literature. Diction can have a great effect on the tone of a piece of literature,
Diction can have a great effect on the tone of a piece of literature, and how readers perceive the characters.
and how readers perceive the characters. One of the primary things that diction does is establish
One of the primary things that diction does is establish whether a work is formal or informal. Choosing more elevated words
whether a work is formal or informal. Choosing more elevated words will establish a formality to the piece of literature, while
will establish a formality to the piece of literature, while choosing slang will make it informal.
choosing slang will make it informal. For example, consider the difference between “I am much
For example, consider the difference between “I am much obliged to you, sir” and “Thanks a bunch, buddy!”
obliged to you, sir” and “Thanks a bunch, buddy!” The former expression of gratitude sounds much more formal than
The former expression of gratitude sounds much more formal than the latter, and both would sound out of place if used in the wrong
the latter, and both would sound out of place if used in the wrong situation.
situation.
Common Examples of Diction
Common Examples of Diction We alter our diction all the time depending on the situation we are in.
We alter our diction all the time depending on the situation we are in. Different communication styles are necessary at different times. We
Different communication styles are necessary at different times. We would not address a stranger in the same way as a good friend, and
would not address a stranger in the same way as a good friend, and we would not address a boss in that same way as a child. These
we would not address a boss in that same way as a child. These different choices are all examples of diction. Some languages have
different choices are all examples of diction. Some languages have codified diction to a greater extent. Here are more examples of
codified diction to a greater extent. Here are more examples of different diction choices based on formality:
different diction choices based on formality: “Could you be so kind as to pass me the milk?”
“Could you be so kind as to pass me the milk?” Vs. “Give me that!”
Vs. “Give me that!” “I regret to inform you that that is not the case.”
“I regret to inform you that that is not the case.” Vs. “You’re wrong!”
Vs. “You’re wrong!” “It is a pleasure to see you again! How are you today?”
“It is a pleasure to see you again! How are you today?” Vs. “Hey, what’s up?”
Vs. “Hey, what’s up?” “I’m a bit upset,” Vs. _________________
“I’m a bit upset,” Vs. _________________ “I would be delighted!” Vs. _______________
“I would be delighted!” Vs. _______________ “I’ll do it right away, sir,” Vs. _______________
“I’ll do it right away, sir,” Vs. _______________
Denotation vs. Connotation
Denotation vs. Connotation Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary
Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition."¨ Denotation is the strict dictionary meaning of a word.
definition."¨ Denotation is the strict dictionary meaning of a word. Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are
Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to
connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. Connotation is the emotional and imaginative association
that word. Connotation is the emotional and imaginative association surrounding a word.
surrounding a word. For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will
For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous
discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles having a long, tapering,
scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles having a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions."
cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions." The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.
The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger. To see more example of how words with similar denotations can
have positive, neutral or negative connotations, refer to the chart
To see more example of how words with similar denotations can below:
have positive, neutral or negative connotations, refer to the chart
Positive Neutral Negative
Positive Neutral Negative
Connotation Connotation Connotation
Connotation Connotation Connotation
interested questioning nosy
interested questioning nosy
employ use exploit
employ use exploit
thrifty saving stingy
thrifty saving stingy
steadfast tenacious stubborn
steadfast tenacious stubborn
sated filled crammed
sated filled crammed
courageous confident conceited
courageous confident conceited
unique different peculiar
unique different peculiar
meticulous selective picky
meticulous selective picky
vintage old decrepit
vintage old decrepit
elated happy manic
elated happy manic
below: