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SD-1.4.4-RO-RO Ships PDF
SD-1.4.4-RO-RO Ships PDF
Manuel Ventura
Ship Design I
Summary
• Definition
• Types of RO/RO Ships
• Profile and evolution of the fleet
• Relevant aspects of design
– Arrangement of the accesses and garage zone
– Cargo types and characteristics
– Specific equipment for securing of roll-on/roll-off cargo
– Damaged Stability: Criteria and assessment
– Safety (SOLAS): Prevention and extinguishing of fire in the
garage zone
• Annex A. Significant Ships
• Annex B. Relevant Non-IMO Standards
1
RO/RO Ships (1)
• The first ships of this type were the Ferry, equipped with
railways to allow the transport of train carriages between the
margins of the rivers that were too wide for bridges
2
RO/RO Ships (3)
• Ferries
• Freight
• Ro-Pax
• Pure Car Carriers
• Combined carriers
– Container Ro/Ro
– Ro/Ro Lo/Lo
3
Ferry
4
Freight Ro/Ro
Ro-Pax
5
Pure Car Carrier (PCC)
Car Transport
• Ships quite sensitive to
the side winds due to
the large exposed area
• Present a large number
of ventilators on the
exposed deck due to
the SOLAS
requirements for the
garage zove
6
Container Ro/Ro (ConRo)
Ro/Ro Lo/Lo
Ship that can carry and load wheeled cargo, but that also has
lifting equipment to load/unload through the hatches
7
Profile and Evolution of the Fleet
Same
Prev.
April Jul. Oct. Jan. April Jul. period
Period
prev. year
World Fleet 8172 7522 7520 6754 6823 6865 0.6 -8.7
Added to Fleet 70 32 19 36 36 54 48.5 65.6
Notes:
• Only Ro/Ro cargo ships
• Units: [1,000 tdw]
8
Recent Evolution of the Fleet
Absolut
2003 2006
Growth
9
Comparison of Ships Ro/Ro Cargo - RoPax
10
Arrangement of Access Way and Garage
Zones
11
External Access Ramp
(*) Minimum free height, must add margin for upper deck structure
12
Parking Spaces
Internal Ramps
13
Initial Dimensioning Guidelines
Length Estimate
14
Typical Midship Section Configurations
Shortsea Ro/Ro
Overseas Ro/Ro
Deck Configuration
15
Ro/Ro Deck Configurations (1)
16
Trailers – Stowage in Lanes
17
Cargo Equipment for Ro/Ro Ships (1)
18
Cargo Equipment for Ro/Ro Ships (2)
• Bow doors
• Bow ramps
• Internal doors
• Hoistable car
decks
• Hoistable car
ramps
19
Ramps/Stern Access Doors
www.tts-marine.com
20
Bow Ramp Folding Frame Type
21
Internal Ramps
Internal Doors
22
Movable Car Decks
• Intermediate decks of
lightweight
construction that
allow the stowage of
cars inside the deck
for heavy vehicles
23
COREX Cardecks
Cargo Lifts
24
Cargo Handling
MAFI Trailer
Used to move containers on
chassis in the terminals
Connection System
MAFI Tractor
25
Tugmaster
Terminal Tractor
Goose neck
Roll Trailers
26
Truck and Semi-Trailer
Truck Tractor
Wheelbase 6.2 m
Tandem axle spread 1.2 m
Semi-Trailers
Trailer horse
27
Trailer Trestle
28
Cassettes
cassette translifter
Translifter
• A translifter is a
steerable lifting
trailer which can be
used with pallets or
trestles
• It has soft wheels
www.ttsgroup.com
29
Types of Cargo (1)
30
Types and Characteristics of Cargo (1)
8
TEU/
Tractor LUFmaster 18.8 4.9 5.9 247.0 48.0 11.0 15
2
layers
31
Vehicle Securing
32
Securing Points on Decks
33
IMO Guidelines – Lashing
34
Trailer and Truck Lashing
Chain lashing
35
Aspects of Hull Structural Design
The thickness of plate panels submitted to wheeled cargoes shall no be less than
the following, in [mm]:
with:
36
Scantlings of Decks for Wheeled Cargo (BV)
When the tyre print area, AT, is not known, can be used the value in [m2]
computed by the expression:
with:
n – number of wheels on the plate
panel
QA – load in t/axis
nW – number of wheels in the axis
considered
PT – pressure of the tyres [kN/mm2]
(When the value is knot known,
use the ones from Table 6)
37
Damaged Stability
38
Damaged Stability (1)
39
Static Equivalent Method (SEM)
• The critical amount of water is the one that takes the ship to
assume an equilibrium heeling angle equal to ΘMax
with:
hcrit – difference in height
between the internal and
external waterlines
HScrit – critical significative wave
height
40
Safety – Impact of SOLAS
• In Ro/Ro ships, the closed decks for wheeled cargo shall have
levels of protection equivalent to machinery spaces
– Must be limited by class A boundaries (in steel or equivalent material)
– Closed spaces to be protected by a fixed fire extinguishing system,
typically CO2 in cargo ships and sprinklers (DeLuge system) in car
ferries
– Smoke detection system
– Open cargo decks do not require a fixed fire extinguishing system
– Portable systems and hoses
41
Ventilation of Cargo Spaces for Vehicles
Source: SOLAS Chap. II-1 Regulation 38 – Cargo Spaces for Motor Vehicles
• Many of the big fires started when the ship is in port, during load
or unload. The detection system is often temporarily switched off
and the CO2 can not be released quickly by the system because the
ramps (internal and external) are still open
• The reliability of the low pressure CO2 systems for cargo space is
generally quite low
• The sprinkler systems for Ro/Ro decks in Ferries have shown good
results
42
Fires in Ro/Ro Ships (1990-2003)
43
Bibliography (1)
Bibliography (2)
44
Relevant IMO Guidelines and Codes
Relevant Links
Other
• www.shipownersclub.com
45
Annex A. Significant Ships
46
Ro/Ro Ferry (2)
47
Ro/Ro Ferry (4)
Tor Petunia
48
MV Tamesis
49
Some Relevant ISO Standards
50