CDT 2C SILVANIA, MYRO DARLAN L.

SECTION 3
“PEACEKEEPING”
 
United Nations peacekeeping was initially developed during the Cold War as a means of
resolving conflicts between states by deploying unarmed or lightly armed military personnel from
a number of countries, under UN command, to areas where warring parties were in need of a
neutral party to observe the peace process. Peacekeepers could be called in when the major
international powers (the five permanent members of the Security Council) tasked the UN with
bringing closure to conflicts threatening regional stability and international peace and security.
These included a number of so-called "proxy wars" waged by client states of the superpowers.
As of December 2019, there have been 72 UN peacekeeping operations since 1948, with
seventeen operations ongoing. Suggestions for new missions arise every year.
The first peacekeeping mission was launched in 1948. This mission, the United Nations
Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), was sent to the newly created State of Israel, where
a conflict between the Israelis and the Arab states over the creation of Israel had just reached
a ceasefire. The UNTSO remains in operation to this day, although the Israeli–Palestinian
conflict has certainly not abated. Almost a year later, the United Nations Military Observer
Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) was authorized to monitor relations between the two
nations, which were split off from each other following the United Kingdom's decolonization of
the Indian subcontinent.
Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas, and may assist
ex-combatants in implementing peace agreement commitments that they have undertaken.
Such assistance may come in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-
sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social
development. Accordingly, the UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue
Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and
civilian personnel.

There are 3 types of power and the first is Persuasion often intends to change minds
through reason, influencing what is perceived as right and wrong, likely or unlikely and what
might motivate other people. It may not use a direct request, but seeks to nudge the person
towards making the desired decision for example by providing persuasive information or
stimulating needs. It hence uses intrinsic methods of motivation, seeking to change minds
rather than just get people to comply with a request or act in a desired way. Persuasion is a
very interpersonal method as it has the greatest requirement for bonding with the other
person, such that they believe what you say as much because it is you that is saying it as the
logic of your arguments, though a rational argument may also be sufficient to persuade those
who are influenced mostly by pure reason. Second, inducement is to get people to do as you
request by connecting desired actions with something that they want. It is in effect an
exchange, where you say 'if you give me what I want, I will give you something that you want.'
In this way, inducement is extrinsic as it connects how people behave with an external
reward. It does not require that you change minds, and in so doing may be an easier and less
skilled method. And lastly, coercion and it is the 'nasty' reverse of inducement, where direct or
 indirect threats are used to get people to do what you want. Like inducement it is extrinsic as
it uses an external motivator rather than seeking to really change the person's mind. It is even
easier than inducement but requires that you have the power to cause the other person
discomfort.
The military element of peacekeeping is multilaterally authorized intervention designed
to support the political settlement of conflict – it is not an alternative to political process. And that
is a primary way in which it differs from “warfighting.” Rather than being designed to facilitate or
support the political resolution of conflict, warfighting is designed to over-ride politics by dint of
force and to impose, rather than negotiate, an outcome.  
We consider peacekeeping effective if intervention of peacekeeping reduces the amount of
violence during conflict, reduces the duration of conflict, increases the duration of peace
following conflict — and limits the risk that conflict in one country spreads to neighboring
countries.