FLOATING SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR
HYBRID HYDRO-SOLAR POWER PLANT
Rajesh Giri, Ajay kumar, Sujeet Mishra, Neha Shah
PG Student, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, rajeshgiri1981@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut ajaychaudhary.ee@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Universal College of Engineering samsujeet1990@gmail.com
Assistant Professor, Universal College of Engineering shahneha05@gmail.com
Abstract- In the current era of energy technology,
almost popular branch in engineering which deals about
study of conventional and non-conventional source of
energy .use of conventional source of energy for
production of non-conventional source of energy is our
motto in this paper and application of floating solar
collectors requires hybrid-solar power plant is manly
discussed in this paper. The main concept of this paper is
to generate the electricity to use of solar energy. Since
hydroelectricity is the non –conventional source of energy
but with the help of solar p-v panels which is the source of
conventional source of energy, we can produce the energy
throughout the year. We can utilize renewable source of
emery for production of electricity. Solar energy is the
rich source of energy for production of energy. Solar
energy converted to useful energy indirectly via other
energy form. There is some limitation to use solar energy
as well as some advantage of use of solar emery.
Keywords—Use of solar energy, Hybrid hydro Solar
power plant, Floating solar collectors ,Hybrid system ,
Future scope.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Definition
Hybrid renewable energy system or Hybrid Power
usually consist of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system
productivity as well as greater balanced in energy
supply.
1.2 Droelectric Power
It is a form of energy a renewable resource.
Hydroelectric power plants doesn't use up resources to
/Hybrid_plant_based_on_complementary_hydro_and_p
hotovoltaic_energy_resourcs.
2.2. E-book – (Chapter 5 - Hydropower pp. 437-496) -
Author – Arun Kumar Publisher: Cambridge University
Press Print Publication Year: 2011- Power plant works ,
components of hydro power plant, working of hydro
power plant is taken from this site.
http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9781
139151153&cid=CBO9781139151153A025
2.3. Information in relation to Solar Panels
Working of solar panel, components of solar panel,
calculation of solar panel is taken from this
site.whttps://www.renewableenergyhub.co.uk/solar-
panels.html.
2.4. Hydro Electric Power, Assist. Prof. Dr. Bertuğ
Akıntuğ, Civil Engineering Program, Middle East
Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus Detail
create electrical energy nor do they pollute the air, land,
or water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric
power have play an important part in the growth of this
Nation's electric power industry. Hydroelectric power
comes from flowing water winter and spring runoff
from mountain streams and clear lakes.
2. AIM OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this project is to maintain the water
level of the upper reservoir for generation of electricity.
In hydro power plant the water level of upper reservoir
is decreases after generating the electricity, at certain
point water level becomes very low, and so at they need
to stop the generation of electricity. Our main outline is
to overcome this difficulty by pumping the water from
lower reservoir to upper reservoir to maintain the
highest water level of upper reservoir with the help of
solar energy. From this idea we get continuous
production of electricity.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
The following data was surveyed for obtaining basic
idea and knowledge of the project titled ‘FLOATING
SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR HYBRID HYDRO-
SOLAR POWER PLANT’.
2.1. Review paper on information about hybrid hydro
solar power plant-Information of hybrid hydro solar
plant, definition of hybrid system is taken from this
paper.
http://www.academia.edu/3631713information hydro
electric power plant.
4. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The unusual concept behind these project is the fact that
is provides a simple and conceptual approach towards
the Hybrid System which is arrangement of two energy
sources such as Hydro-electric Power and Solar Power
which is being employed in the power system sector.
The project deals with providing a small scale prototype
of the system that can be used to know actual working
of both the power plant. The space requires for the solar
setup is saved by making the setup float on the water.
 5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Block diagram shows the whole hybrid system, which
contains Solar power plant and Hydro-Electric power
plant. The hydro-electric power plant which is start
from the water comes from the run off river that is
water comes from the catchment area and then water
stores into the upper reservoir. The water stores in
upper reservoir is in potential energy which converted
into the kinetic energy with the help of penstock. The
water passes through the penstock and when it struck on
the turbine blades turbine gate rotates and mechanical
energy of turbine then converted into the electrical
energy with help of generator, then this energy gives to
the transformer and power house which can be
distributes to the all the substations.
The remaining water from turbine action which can be
stores into lower reservoir, some amount of water from
lower reservoir gives to the rural area and industries.
Remaining water is pumping back to the upper
reservoir for the maintaining head of water in upper
reservoir for generation. The water is pumping back
from lower altitude to higher altitude with the help of
solar energy instead of conventional power. Solar pump
is uses for the pumping back the water from lower to
higher altitude. The solar system is the energy source
for running the solar pump. The energy of the solar that
is converted into electrical energy with help of
photovoltaic cell. The charge controller is fixed
between solar system and solar pump. Charge
controller is nothing but a DC to DC converter, charge
converter gives the variable DC output to the fixed DC
output.
Fig.1.Block diagram
6. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
6.1 Hydro System
6.1.1 Hydroelectric Power -- what is it?
It be a form of energy a renewable resource.
Hydroelectric power plants doesn't use resources to
generate electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or
water, as other power plants may. Hydroelectric power
have played an important role in the growth of this
Nation's electric power industry. Both small and large
hydroelectric power development were instrumental in
the early growth of the electric power industry.
Hydroelectric power approach up to from flowing water
winter and mechanism runoff from mountain stream
and apparent lakes. Water, when it is falling by the
force of gravity, can be used to turn turbines and
generators that produce electricity.
Hydropower is an very important provider in the
national power grid because of its capability to respond
quickly to rapidly varying loads or system difficulties,
which base load plants with steam systems powered by
burning or nuclear processes cannot accommodate.
Reclamations 47 big hydro power plants all the way
through the India produce an average of 25556.5MWh
(megawatt-hours) per year, enough to meet the
domestic needs of more than 25 million people. This is
the electrical energy equivalent of about 150 million
barrels of oil. The efficiency of Hydroelectric power
plants are more to produce electric energy. The
efficiency of today's hydroelectric plant is about 90
percent.
6.1.2 Generating Power:
In nature, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but its
structure can change. In generating electricity, no new
energy is created. In fact one structure of energy is
converted to another structure.
To generate electricity, movement of water is must.
This is kinetic (moving) energy. When flowing water
turns blades in a turbine, the form is transformed to
mechanical (machine) energy. The turbine turn the
generator rotor which after that converts this
mechanical energy into another energy form electricity.
Since water is the first source of energy, we call this
hydroelectric power or hydropower for short.
From hydroelectric power plants, hydropower is
produced. Some power plants are located on rivers,
streams, and canals, but for a consistent water supply,
dams are needed. Dams accumulate water for later
release in favour of such purposes as irrigation,
domestic and industrial utilize, and power production.
The reservoir act a lot like a battery, storing water to be
released as needed to generate power.
The dam create a height from which water flow. A pipe
(penstock) carry the water from the lake to the turbine.
The fast-moving water push the turbine blades,
something like a pinwheel in the wind. The waters force
on the turbine blades turns the rotor, the moving part of
the electric generator move. After coils of wire on the
rotor sweep past the generators stationary coil (stator),
electricity is formed.
 discharge through the penstock during the power
generation. Therefore, The maximum head of the upper
reservoir required for maximum power generation is
reduces day by day. When the water level reached to
the minimum head of upper reservoir then the
generation of electricity have to be stopped. Therefore
electricity is not continuously generated.
To overwhelm this problem, we have to preserve
maximum head of the upper reservoir. For maintain the
head, water from the lower reservoir is pump to upper
reservoir by exterior sources. The solar energy is used
as external sources. By pumping back the water by the
solar energy increases generation of electricity and
therefore efficiency of power plant

Fig.2. Schematic diagram of Hydro-power generation

6.2 Conventional PV systems

The array of a photovoltaic power system, or PV
system, produce direct current (DC) power which
fluctuates with the sunlight's amount. For real-world use
this usually requires translation to certain desired
voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use of
inverters. Various solar cells are connected inside
modules. Modules be wired collectively to form crowd,
then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the
desired voltage, and for AC, the preferred
frequency/phase.Several domestic PV systems are
linked to the grid anywhere available, especially in Fig.3.Constructional Diagram
urban countries with large markets. In these grid-
connected PV systems, use of energy storage is
optional. In certain applications such as satellites,
lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries or
additional power generators are often added as back- 6.4 Concept of floating solar collector
ups. Such split power systems authorize operation at
The space requires for the solar power plant setup is
night with at other times of restricted sunlight. saved by making the setup float on the water. This
6.3 Hybrid System prototype model is about generation of electricity by
making the hybrid of hydro & solar energy sources.
Hybrid systems, as the name imply, come together two
or more modes of electricity generation together, There are a number of benefits to floating solar plants,
generally using renewable technology such as solar aka "floatovoltaics." Compared to mounted panels,
photovoltaic (PV) and hydro-electric power. Hybrid floating systems are naturally cooled by the bodies of
systems give a high level of energy safety through the water they sit on, therefore boosting power production
mix of production methods, and often will integrate a efficiency.
storage system or small fossil fueled generator to ensure
maximum supply trustworthiness as well as safety.
In conventional hydro power plant water from the upper
reservoir is used for the generation of electricity. The
release of the water is passed through the turbine whose
shaft is connected to the generator’s shaft and electricity
generated by the generator. The hydro power plant is
used only at the peak time. The amount of water
collected from the catchment area is less than the water

Fig.4.Top view floating solar collector
7. ADVANTAGES
-Solar energy is free of cost, so no running cost for
electricity.
-As the source of generation is in the village itself, there
are negligible transmission losses.
-Rural development in terms of electrifying the village.
-Independent power source avoids interference of state
board of electricity.
-Use free resources like the sun and water.
-Operating and maintenance requirements are low.
-No problem for pollution or waste natural resources.
-By using the idea of floating solar collector we don’t
need extra land to plant solar collector also it is
economically feasible.
-The amount of evaporation of water reduces by using
floating solar concept.
-Solar energy can be used as a auxiliary power.
-Send back water from lower reservoir to main reservoir
with the help of solar pump.
8. LIMITATIONS
-Funding issues as setting up a grid is very costly at
student level.
-Need of educating the villagers about the installed
technology in order of maintaining the same.
-Renewable energy production is dependent on natural
cycles, i.e. PV doesn’t work at night.
-Initial cost of these plant is higher than comparably
sized conventional power plant.
-Cannot handle the peak loads well without energy
storage.
9. FUTURE SCOPE
There will be continuous generation of electricity
because the water level of the upper reservoir maintain
throughout the year, It is pollution free and here we are
using renewable energy sources for production of
electricity hence there will be no shortage of energy
sources in future.
10. CONCLUSION
From this project we get electricity from two different
renewable energy sources at the same time and at a
same place. Successfully replace the conventional
sources by the solar energy for pumping back the water
ion a hydro power plant.
Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
geographical conditions of the site And availability of
different sources, a solution is presented. From this
project we can generate maximum amount of electricity
throughout the year.
REFERENCES
[1] Yu ZHANG, Xin CHEN, "Software Phase Locked
Loop based on DSP 2812 [J]", Power Electronics
Technology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 75-77, 2008.
[2] Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer, John K Pedersen, "A Review of
Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters for
Photovoltaic Modules [J]", IEEE Trans. on Industry
Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1292-1306, 2005.
[3] YANG hongxing, ZHOU wei, "Solar Building
Integrated Technology and Application" in , China
architecture & building press, pp. 105-109, 2009.
[4] FU zinian, "Solar Thermal Utilization" in , China
science and technology university press, pp. 273, 2009.
[5] K. R. Padiyar, “FACTS Controllers in Power
Transmission and Distribution,” New Age
International Publishers, Delhi, 2009.
[6] R. M. Mathur and R. K. Varma, “Thyristor Based
FACTS Controllers for Electrical Transmission
Systems” John Wiley & sons, IEEE press, 2002.
[7] J. Machowski, J.W. Bialek, and J. R. Bumby, “Power
system dynamics: stability and control” John Wiley
& Sons.
[8] B. Chaudhuri, R. Majumder, and B. C. Pal, “Wide-
Area Measurement-Based Stabilizing Control of
Power System Considering Signal Transmission
Delay,” IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 19, pp. 1971-
1979, Nov. 2004.
.